Ataxia ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Calcium Channels ; genetics ; physiology ; Epilepsy ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Malignant Hyperthermia ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Migraine with Aura ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Myopathy, Central Core ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Ryanodine ; metabolism ; Spinocerebellar Ataxias ; genetics ; physiopathology

ObjectiveTo develop three animal models to mimic muscle tremors of Parkinson's disease and observe effects of Chinese herb compounds Jian-Xing on these models.MethodsPure muscle tremor mice models were developed by single intraperitoneal injection of arecoline or oxotremorine. The mitochondria damaged model was developed by intraperitoneal injection of MPTP(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) 20mg/kg for 8 days. Duration time of tremoring was recorded. The climbing time and spontaneous movements of MPTP mice were recorded. HPLC was used to detect the content of dopamine and it's metabolites in MPTP mice.ResultsAfter injection of oxotremorine or arecoline,model mice exhibited significant tremoring, duration time of tremor of mice in Jian-Xing group shortened significantly. As to MPTP model mice, climbing time of model mice prolonged, times of spontaneous movements of model mice decreased and the content of dopamine in striaturn decreased compared with control group. Climbing time of mice in Jian-Xing group shortened, spontaneous movements increased and content of dopamine increased distinctively. ConclusionOxotremorine, arecoline and MPTP all can produce tremor animal models. Chinese herb compounds Jian-Xing can shorten the duration time of tremor.As to MPTP model, Jian-Xing can shorten the climbing time of model mice, increase the spontaneous movements and increase the content of dopamine in striaturn.

Acute Disease ; therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Bloodletting ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tonsillitis ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To quantitatively analyze the image quality of megavoltage cone-beam CT (MVCBCT) under different scanning conditions to provide reference in clinical applications. Methods Si-emens ONCOR linear accelerator with MVCBCT was used to scan the phantom under different conditions. The image quality was evaluated in terms of image noise, uniformity, spatial resolution, contrast resolution, the number of Monitor Units(MUs) used in imaging,and the size of the reconstruction matrix. The comparison of the image quality between MVCBCT and conventional simulator CT was also analyzed. Results The image noise was decreased with the increase of the number of MUs. The uniformity index showed that the system u-niformity was weakly dependent on MU numbers or the size of the reconstruction matrix. Except for the ima-ges with 5 MUs,all other images had the spatial resolution of 0.4 lp/mm with a reconstruction matrix of 256 ×256. Better low contrast resolution was achieved by using more MUs. For typical pelvis and head-and-neck patients,the imaging dose at the center was 0.8 cGy/MU and 0.7 cGy/MU, respectively,and the maxi-mum dose was about 1.2 cGy/MU. For typical abdomen patients,the image maximum dose and center dose was 1.3 cGy/MU and 0.7 cGy/MU,respectively. Conclusions The image quality of MVCBCT is inferior to the conventional kilo-voltage CT. However,with the optimization of the parameters in imaging,we can a-chieve sufficient image contrast in the bone,air and some soft-tissue structures with low imaging dose to pa-tients. Such images can be used for IGRT.

As the core method of evidence-based medicine, systematic review comprehensively summarizes all the evidence of a particular problem. It enables clinicians, scientific researchers, and health policy makers to quickly obtain a great deal of comprehensive, accurate, and reliable information in a short time, and are crucial tools for them to keep up with rapidly evolving areas of medicine. Adequate systematic reviews integrate the evidence that is accumulating in a particular field to narrate the distance between research evidence and medical practice. However, in recent years, people are always questioning and criticizing systematic review. In this situation, we introduce the origin and concept of the system review briefly and elaborate the strengths and limitations of the system review in detail. Finally, on the basis of application and current situation of the systematic review, we describe the prospect of the systematic review. Even though the methodology of the systematic review has some limitations, it is still the most authoritative method for synthesizing all research evidence in a given field, because we have no better way. If the results of a systematic review of all studies are unreliable, there is no reason to say that the results of one or several of them are impartial or unbiased.

Objective To investigate the clinical and electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics of children with electrical status cpilepticus during sleep (ESES), and the response to medication therapy. Methods AEEG and VEEG including an entire sleeping c-ycle were performed on 26 patients with ESES. The clinical and EEG changes, neuropsychological impairment and the response to medication therapy were followed up. Results Twenty five patients had seizures,21 cases had normal psychomotor development before ESES. After the onset of the disease,Fifteen cases developed language disorder, 16 cases developed psychological and behavior abnormalities, 13 cases had both of the problems Seventeen patients belonged to epileptic syndrome. Patients in this cohort had good response to clonazepam and valproate treatment. Cortical steroid could dispel the electrical discharge. Eighteen patients had been followed up. Seizures stopped in 15 cases after treatment ESES disappeared in 16 cases, 4 of them still had neuropsychological impairment ESES sustained in 2 cases Conclusions ESES is a specific EEG phenomenon. Continue epileptic form discharge during non - rapid cye movement sleep is the major cause of neuropsychological impairment in patients with ESES. To control the seizures and electrical state are very important for the prevention and treatment of neuropsychological impairment.

Background and purpose:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is one of the hot studied area in breast cancer research.Our aim was to explore the relationship between the clinical effect,pathological changes and the neoadjuvant chemotherapy containing THP and docetaxel on breast cancer.Methods:The expression of ER, PR and CerbB-2 in breast cancer tissue of patients who had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were detected by immunohistochemistry method.The relationship of age,ER,PR,CerbB-2,pathological stage and axillary lymph node metastasis with pathological complete response(pCR) was analysed.Results:For the patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy,the pCR of the positive ER(0%),PR(9.38%) was lower than that of negative ER(20.27),PR(90.63%) respectively.The pCR of the positive CerbB-2(33.33%) was higher than that of negative CerbB-2(9.74%,P

This paper reports the establishment of a method for rapid identification 15 effective components of anti common cold medicine (paracetamol, aminophenazone, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, methylephedrine hydrochloride, caffeine, amantadine hydrochloride, phenazone, guaifenesin, chlorphenamine maleate, dextromethorphen hydrobromide, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, promethazine hydrochloride, propyphenazone, benorilate and diclofenac sodium) with MRM by LC-MS/MS. The samples were extracted by methanol and were separated from a Altantis T3 column within 15 min with a gradient of acetonitrile-ammonium acetate (containing 0.25% glacial acetic acid), a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source (ESI) was used in positive ion mode, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was performed for qualitative analysis of these compounds. The minimum detectable quantity were 0.33-2.5 microg x kg(-1) of the 15 compounds. The method is simple, accurate and with good reproducibility for rapid identification many components in the same chromatographic condition, and provides a reference for qualitative analysis illegally added chemicals in anti common cold medicine.
Acetaminophen ; analysis ; Acetanilides ; analysis ; Amantadine ; analysis ; Aminopyrine ; analysis ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; analysis ; Antipyretics ; analysis ; Antipyrine ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Caffeine ; analysis ; Chlorpheniramine ; analysis ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Diclofenac ; analysis ; Diphenhydramine ; analysis ; Drug Contamination ; Drug Stability ; Ephedrine ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Guaifenesin ; analysis ; Promethazine ; analysis ; Pseudoephedrine ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Salicylates ; analysis ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Despite a few genes that do not encode ion channels have been identified as implicating some kinds of human idiopathic epilepsies(IE) in recent years, but genetic discoveries have shown the ion channels to play a central role in genetic pathomechanism of IE. The gene mutations of ion channels are a common cause of some rare monogenic IE which could be so-called as channelopathies, and able to be applied to account for the questioned epileptic syndrome to minority of families and sporadic cases. However, more frustrating has been from the genetic research on more common IE with complex inheritance due to the unknown mode of inheritance, the phenotypic heterogeneity and the uncertainty of genetic overlap among syndrome subtypes, which have limited gene mapping. Absence epilepsy is a kind of common IE subtype and shows a complex way to inherit. Evidences from heredity investigation indicate that eleven genes are correlated with absence epilepsy, of which four encode the neuronal calcium channel subunits. Therefore, calcium channel genes may be considered as important candidates for involving in absence epilepsy. To focus the genetics research on calcium channel genes of absence epilepsy may be opening an optimal gate to the pathogenetic study of more common IE with complex inheritance, and benefit to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of absence epilepsy finally, one of the more common IE subtypes with complex inheritance.
Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Channels ; genetics ; physiology ; Epilepsy, Absence ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Humans ; Models, Biological

OBJECTIVETo explore the intervention of baicalin on signal transduction and activating transcription factor expression of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients.

METHODSRecruited were UC patients at Outpatient Department of Digestive Disease, Inpatient Department of Digestive Disease, Center for Digestive Endoscopy of College City Branch, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Southern Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University from June 2010 to January 2011. They were assigned to the UC group (33 cases) and the diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) group (30 cases). Another 30 healthy subjects were recruited as a healthy control group. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro intervened by different concentrations baicalin were taken from UC patients. IL23R gene expressions in vitro intervened by different concentrations baicalin were detected using Q-PCR. Expressions of signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) , STAT6, phosphorylated-STAT4 (p-STAT4), and p-STAT6 were detected using Western blot. Serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured by ELISA. Effects of different concentrations baicalin on expressions of PBMCs, and levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 of UC patients were also detected.

RESULTSCompared with the negative control group, 40 µmol baicalin obviously decreased IL23R gene expression of UC patients (P <0. 01). Compared with the healthy control group and the IBS-D group, p-STAT4/STAT4 ratios increased, p-STAT6/STAT6 ratios decreased, levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 all increased in the US group (all P <0. 05). Compared with the negative control, 5 and 10 µmol baicalin groups, 20 and 40 moL baicalin obviously decreased p-STAT4/STAT4 ratios (all P <0. 05); 20 and 40 µmoL baicalin obviously increased p-STAT6/STAT6 ratios (all P <0. 05); 20 and 40 µmoL baicalin obviously lowered levels of IFN-γ and IL-4, and elevated IL-10 levels (all P <0. 05).

CONCLUSION40 µmoL baicalin could in vitro inhibit p-STAT4/STAT4 ratios, adjust p-STAT6/STAT6 ratios and related cytokines, thereby balancing the immunity and relieving inflammatory reactions of UC.

Activating Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; therapeutic use ; Blotting, Western ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Flavonoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phosphorylation ; STAT6 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction