OBJECTIVETo evaluate the value of cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical approaches in the diagnosis of hematologic neoplasms in serous effusion.

METHODSThe cytospin and Thinprep smears of effusion specimens were prepared from 23 cases of lymphoid malignancies with histological confirmation and 30 cases of benign effusions used as control. Morphological assessment of the cellular components was conducted, including the ratio of mesothelium to lymphocyte, karyomorphism of lymphoid cell and the presence of apoptosis and mitosis. Immunocytochemical study was performed in all the cases, with flow cytometry in one case.

RESULTSAmong the 23 tumor cases, 14 represented disease relapse, and in the remaining nine cases, the serous effusion was the primary manifestation. The proportion of mesothelium was low in the tumor group, being less than 10% in 20 cases (87.0%, 20/23). It was more than 10% in most of benign cases (20/30, 66.7%). Lymphoid cells were prominent (> 80% cells) in 69.6% of the tumor cases, and the cellular component in some control cases (63.3%, 19/30) showed fewer lymphocytes. Nipple-like projection of lymphocytic nuclei could be detected in almost all the tumor cases (91.3%, 21/23), but was occasionally found in the control group (26.7%, 8/30). Apoptosis and mitosis were obvious in lymphomatous effusion, but observed in only 6.7% of the control cases. Significant difference of the previously mentioned cytomorphologic features existed between the tumor and control groups (P < 0.01). The results of immunocytochemical staining in cell block were identical to the corresponding immunohistochemistry, and one case of mantle cell lymphoma was confirmed by flow cytometry. The cytologic findings seen in all the 23 studied cases were in agreement with the corresponding histologic diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONSSome cytomorphologic features, including decreased number of mesothelium, increased number of lymphoid cells, nuclear nipple-like projection, and the presence of apoptosis and mitosis, are very useful for diagnosing lymphoid malignancy in serous effusion. Immunocytochemistry is an important approach to the cytodiagnosis and classification of lymphoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Apoptosis ; Ascitic Fluid ; pathology ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Cytodiagnosis ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interferon Regulatory Factors ; metabolism ; Lymphocytes ; pathology ; Lymphoma ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitosis ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Young Adult

To investigate the protection effect of DNA vaccine in mammalian and avian systems, the DNA vaccine was inoculated in both BALB/c mice and SPF chickens immunized with DNA vaccines encoding hemagglutinin (HA) from A/Goose/GuangDong/1/96 (H5N1) virus. The mice and chickens were immunized twice, 3 weeks apart, by electroporation into muscles or intramuscular injection. Two weeks after the second immunization, the mice and chickens were challenged with a lethal dose of homologous virus. The mice and chickens immunized by electroporation obtained completely protection against the virus, and could effectively inhibited viruses to replicating in mouse lung and chicken cloaca. At the same time, these protections were companied by high levels specific antibody to H5N1 AIV, while the blank plasmid controls experience 100 percent mortality following challenge. Furthermore, in the experiment of mice by eletroporation,stronger obviously CTL activity were observed after challenge. Thus, the cellular immune responses of the mice immunized by electroporation were exhibited. These results strongly demonstrate that HA DNA vaccines provide effective protection against influenza virus infection in mammalian and avian, and suggest that electroporation is one of the efficient gene delivery systems for the transfer of influenza DNA vaccine in both humoral immunity and cellular immunity.

OBJECTIVETo study the diagnosis and surgical treatment of penis lymphangioma.

METHODSClinical data of 13 cases of penis lymphangioma were analysed restrospectively.

RESULTSThe 13 cases, treated by radical lymphangiomaectomy, were followed up for 2 to 3 years, and none of them had recurrence. This therapy affected neither the penile appearance, nor the erectile function of the patients. So their sexual life remained intact.

CONCLUSIONRadical ectomy should be the first choice of treatment for penis lymphangioma.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Lymphangioma ; surgery ; Male ; Penile Neoplasms ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: At present, the using of self-ligating brackets is more and more extensive. But it is unclear about the rules and mechanisms underlying the tooth control by double wires in three dimensions, especially in tipping.OBJECTIVE: Using the finite element method to establish different three-dimensional finite models of DamonQ brackets and archwires with different sizes, and then to explore the tip mechanical properties when using double wire technique. METHODS: Different three-dimensional finite models of DamonQ brackets and archwires with different sizes were established by Pro/E Wildfire5.0. The models were assembled and imported to MSC.Marc.Mentat2005R3 followed by simulating the tip load, calculating torque moment and drawing the corresponding graph and histogram. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) With tipping movement of single wire, tipping moment of auxiliary single archwires was multiplied by the same size as main archwires. (2) With tipping movement of double wires, the tip moment value increased when the size of the main or auxiliary archwire increased, and the influence of the size of the auxiliary archwire was greater than that of the main archwire. (3) When the tilt angle is large, we can simply level the tooth using the main archwire first, and then precisely adjust the tooth position with double wires. And in the clinical pratice, orthodontists can choose the appropriate size of double wires according to their needs.

OBJECTIVETo classify the Chinese isolates of Coltiviruses.

METHODSThree sets of primers were selected among them two were specific to the 9th and 12th segments of subgroup B2, and one was for the 12th segment of subgroup B1-All the Chinese isolates of Coltivirus selected in the experiment were classified according to the lengths of different amplicons of the reverse transcriptase-polymerase Chain reaction (RT-PCR). The homogenicity of the nucleic acids of the isolates BJ95-75 and YN-6 was also compared with other Coltivirus strains belonging to subgroup B2.

RESULTSWith the primers 12-854-S/12-B2-R, which were specific to the 12th segment of Coltivirus subgroup B2-850 bp amplicons were obtained from Beijing isolate BJ95-75 and all the Yunnan isolates such as YN-6, -67-1, -68-1, -69, -70-1, -70-2, -90, -92-2, -93 of Coltivirus 492 bp DNA fragments were also amplified from all of them with the segment 9th specific primers 9-JKT-S/9-JKT-R. However no positive results were obtained from Northeast isolates NE97-12, NE97-31 and control viruses YN-99(Orbivirus),YN-151-1(JEV) with the same two sets of primers. With 12-B1-S/12-B1R primers specific to the 12th segment of subgroup B1, no amplicons of right length were obtained from any of the Chinese isolates of Coltivirus and the control viruses. When compared the nucleic acid sequences of BJ95-75 and YN-6 with other Coltivirus strains such as Bannavirus, JKT6423, JKT6969, JKT7043, the amplicons from segment 12th of these two strains had more than 89.4% homology with the other strains, especially to the earlier Chinese isolate Bannavirus, the homolog was more then 98.9%. Nearly 96.5% and 99.2% of the nucleic acids of the amplicons from segment 9th of the two strains were being homologous to Bannavirus and about 84.0% to JKT6423, which had been classified into type B2a. But the maximal homogenicity was about 53% when compared with the other two coltivirus strains. JKT6969 and JKT7043 which had been classified into type B2b.

CONCLUSIONGenotyping the recent Chinese isolates of coltivirus for the first time in our country. Most of the Chinese isolates belong to subgroup B2, more exactly type B2a. The Northeast isolates NE97-12 and NE97-31 were not correctly grouped with the available primers.

Animals ; Base Sequence ; China ; Coltivirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Culicidae ; virology ; Genotype ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

To build up a stable and easy doing method for molecular identification in traditional Chinese medicine, on basis of RAPD, the new method mainly changed the primer length and PCR annealing temperature. Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius and its nine adulterants were used to establish the method and test it using MARMS primers published in 2004. The new method also used to authenticate Chinese Materia Medica of Tian-hua-fen (Radix Trichosanthes) and Bai-zhi (Radix Angelica). Primer Pg-q36F obtained polymorphic bands of P. Ginseng, P. quinquefolius and its adulterants. The identification result is identical to that published before and more stable. Primer TkS1-64F obtained polymorphic bands of Tian-hua-fen and its nine adulterants. Primer AfS1-100F obtained polymorphic bands of Bai-zhi and its three adulterants. The method has good stability and reproducibility and can easily identify authertic medicines from their adulterants. It was a potential molecular method to identify other Chinese Materia Medica. The method was named as anchored primer amplification polymorphism DNA (APAPD).
Angelica ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Primers ; DNA, Plant ; analysis ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Panax ; classification ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; Quality Control ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ; methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Trichosanthes ; classification ; genetics

OBJECTIVESearching a new molecular method to authenticate Panax ginseng and P. quenquefolium.

METHODSingle primers based on rDNA sequences of Panax species were designed to obtain polymorphic bands of P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius and then sequenced. Four PCR primers (two forword and two reverse primers) specific to P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius were designed.

RESULTPrimer Pg-6F, Pg-479R only amplified 474 bp band for P. ginseng and primer Pq-442F, Pq-658R only amplified 217 bp band for P. quinquefolius. It is indicated that the four primers could serve as specific STS primers for Panax species.

CONCLUSIONA new way to obtain STS primers of Panax species was established. This method is more quick and efficient than SCAR-PCR method and can serve as a model to obtain molecular markers for other Chinese material medica.

Base Sequence ; DNA Primers ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; Genetic Markers ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Panax ; classification ; genetics ; Plant Roots ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ; methods ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Tagged Sites ; Species Specificity

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and security of anti-platelet and anticoagulant therapy on prevention of ischemic stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NAF).

METHODSWe searched PubMed, EMbase, CENTREN and its affiliated clinical trial registration data center, CBMdisc, VIP, and CNKI databases from establishment to Dec 2009 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) covering the use of anti-platelet agents and anticoagulants for patients with NAF. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.0 software after the strict evaluation of the methodological quality of the included RCTs.

RESULTSFourteen RCTs involving 15 880 patients were include. Compared with placebo or no use of anti-platelet drugs, antiplatelet therapy didn't reduce ischemic stroke (RR = 0.83, 95%CI 0.68 to 1.00, P = 0.05), systemic emboli (RR = 0.71, 95%CI 0.34 to 1.51, P = 0.38) and all-cause mortality (RR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.73 to 1.07, P = 0.21) while significantly increased the major bleeding (RR = 2.88, 95%CI 1.21 to 6.86, P = 0.02) in patients with NAF, intracranial hemorrhage was not affected by antiplatelet therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (RR = 3.25, 95%CI 0.84 to 12.62, P = 0.09). Compared with anti-platelet therapy, anticoagulant therapy significantly reduced the incidence of ischemic stroke (RR = 1.84, 95%CI 1.48 to 2.28, P < 0.01) and systemic emboli (RR = 1.94, 95%CI 1.24 to 3.03, P = 0.004) but significantly increased the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage (RR = 0.49, 95%CI 0.31 to 0.78, P = 0.003), did not affect all-cause mortality (RR = 1.06, 95%CI 0.90 to 1.23, P = 0.50) and the incidence of major bleeding (RR = 0.95, 95%CI 0.76 to 1.19, P = 0.66) in NAF patients.

CONCLUSIONSCompared with the placebo and no use of anti-platelet drugs, anti-platelet therapy didn't reduce ischemic stroke and systemic emboli but increased the risk of major bleeding in NAF patients. Compared with anti-platelet therapy, anticoagulant therapy significantly reduced the ischemic stroke and systemic emboli without increasing the risk of major bleeding, but significantly increased the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in NAF patients. Since the study included RCTs with limited and less uniform outcome endpoints, the conclusions should be verified with RCTs with more uniform endpoints and longer follow-up time.

Anticoagulants ; therapeutic use ; Atrial Fibrillation ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Stroke ; etiology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Arthritis ; surgery ; Arthroplasty ; methods ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged

Objective: To summarize the clinical application patterns in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of AD by reviewing the clinical literatures on acupuncture-moxibustion for Alzheimer disease (AD) published between January 2009 and December 2019. Methods: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP), Chinese Medicine Acupuncture-moxibustion Information Database, PubMed Medical Data Retrieval Service System, Springer Database and Ovid Technologies (OVID) were retrieved to screen clinical studies of acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of AD according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria to conduct quantitative, clustering and association analyses. Results: In acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of AD, the frequently used points were Baihui (GV 20), Zusanli (ST 36), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Taixi (KI 3), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), and Neiguan (PC 6) in the descending order. Regarding meridians, the most frequently used one was the Governor Vessel, followed by the Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangming and Gallbladder Meridian of Foot Shaoyang. From the perspective of body regions, the points in the head-face region and the lower-limb region had the highest frequencies, followed by the upper-limb, back and chest-abdomen regions. The point group, Baihui (GV 20) and Sishencong (EX-HN 1)-Neiguan (PC 6)-Sanyinjiao (SP 6), showed the most significant association, and the group winning the second place was Baihui (GV 20) and Sishencong (EX-HN 1)-Neiguan (PC 6)- Zusanli (ST 36). The clustering analysis showed that the commonly used point pairs included Zusanli (ST 36)-Sishencong (EX-HN 1) and Taixi (KI 3)-Sanyinjiao (SP 6), which were closely associated with Baihui (GV 20). By analyzing the three commonly used acupuncture-moxibustion methods, acupuncture plus medication was found achieving the best result in the total effective rate and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score, followed by monotherapy of electroacupuncture therapy, and these two methods were superior to acupuncture alone (P<0.05); the scores of MMSE, Alzheimer disease assessment scale-cognitive section (ADAS-cog) and activity of daily living scale (ADL) showed significant improvements after treatment (all P<0.01). Conclusion: In the acupuncture-moxibustion prescriptions for AD, the main points are Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Neiguan (PC 6), Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Taixi (KI 3). Monotherapy of acupuncture has the highest frequency amongst the treatment methods, but its effective rate is lower than that of acupuncture plus medication and monotherapy of electroacupuncture.