So far there exists no corresponding quality test procedures and grading standards for the seed of Prunus humilis, which is one of the important source of base of semen pruni. Therefor we set up test procedures that are adapt to characteristics of the P. humilis seed through the study of the test of sampling, seed purity, thousand-grain weight, seed moisture, seed viability and germination percentage. 50 cases of seed specimens of P. humilis tested. The related data were analyzed by cluster analysis. Through this research, the seed quality test procedure was developed, and the seed quality grading standard was formulated. The seed quality of each grade should meet the following requirements: for first grade seeds, germination percentage ≥ 68%, thousand-grain weight 383 g, purity ≥ 93%, seed moisture ≤ 5%; for second grade seeds, germination percentage ≥ 26%, thousand-grain weight ≥ 266 g, purity ≥ 73%, seed moisture ≤9%; for third grade seeds, germination percentage ≥ 10%, purity ≥ 50%, thousand-grain weight ≥ 08 g, seed moisture ≤ 13%.
Cluster Analysis ; Germination ; Prunus ; growth & development ; Seeds ; physiology

Objective To investigate the effect of transplanted bone marrow stromal cells on the cells in the subventricular zone of the rats with permanent focal cerebral ischemia and analyze cell types.Methods Permanent focal cerebral ischemia models were established with middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) and divided into three groups: MCAO alone,intravenous infusion of 1ml PBS at 24 hours after MCAO,and intravenous infusion of 2?106 BMSCs 24 hours after MCAO.Then,the groups were subdivided into 7-day and 14-day groups after MACO.Neurological functions were detected by Zausinger evaluation;meanwhile,5-bromodeoxyuridine was injected to label the proliferating cells in the subventricular zone,and double-immunofluscent technologies were used to identify the cell type.Results On the 7th day and the 14th day after MACO,neurological functional scores of BMSCs-treated group were higher than those of the other two groups(P

OBJECTIVETo investigate an approach of posterior cervical spinal canal decompression and re-establishing the insertion of extensor, aim at the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) involved in C(2).

METHODSFrom 2002 to 2006, 10 patients with OPLL involved in C(2) underwent open-door laminoplasty, with the posterior cervical ligamentous complex and the insertion of extensor reconstructed on C(2), were reviewed retrospectively. The range of decompression was from C(2) to C(7). The sagittal diameter of C(2) vertebral canal, alignment of the cervical spine (C(2)-C(7) angle), and JOA score before and after operation were contrasted respectively.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up, average 14 months. Before the operation, the average sagittal diameter of C(2) vertebral canal was 5.6 mm (4 - 8.8 mm), JOA score was 9.6 scores (6 - 12 scores), C(2)-C(7) angle was 6.5 degrees (-2 degrees - 12 degrees ). After the operation, the average sagittal diameter of C(2) vertebral canal was 13.4 mm (10 - 18.2 mm, P < 0.01), JOA score was 10.9 scores (8 - 14 scores) and the C(2)-C(7) angle was 7.4 degrees (3 degrees - 14 degrees ) in earlier. Finally, the JOA score was 13.2 scores (10 - 17 scores, P < 0.05), and the C(2)-C(7) angle was 7.0 degrees (2 degrees - 15 degrees , P > 0.05) at last.

CONCLUSIONSThe open-door laminoplasty, with an approach of the posterior cervical ligamentous complex and the insertion of extensor reconstructed, is an appropriate method for treating OPLL involved in C(2). This process keeps the cervical curve in a better way, and decompresses the spinal canal effectively.

Aged ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; pathology ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence and distribution characteristics of dyslipidemia among Shandong residents aged 18-69 years.

METHODSThe levels of triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and total cholesterol (TC) were determined in fasting serum of 5 ml venous blood for subjects aged 18-69 years who were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling from 20 counties in July, 2011 in 140 counties of Shandong province. The prevalence of dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, high blood LDL-C, low blood HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia were analyzed by the complex weighting. The prevalence of dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, high blood LDL-C, low blood HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia were compared for different characteristics by Rao-Scott χ(2).

RESULTSThe prevalence of dyslipidemia among 15 350 subjects was 22.70% (3 572), with higher in males (26.91% (2 110/7 683)) than in females (18.41% (1 462/7 667)). The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 3.39% (n=582), with higher in Eastern Shandong (4.59% (185/3 704)). The prevalence of high blood LDL-C was 0.56% (n=94), with higher in Eastern Shandong (0.79% (32/3 074)). The prevalence of low blood HDL-C was 11.41% (n=1 789). The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 13.02% (n=2 059), higher in urban residents (16.54% (814/4 804)) than in rural (11.52% (1 245/10 546)) (χ(2)=71.54, P<0.001). The difference between the prevalence of low blood HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia was not significant among Eastern Shandong, Central-South and Northwest.

CONCLUSIONDyslipidemia rate was higher among adult residents in Shandong province. The rate was higher for men than for women. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and high blood LDL-C were higher in Eastern Shandong than the other areas. The hypertriglyceridemia and low blood HDL-C were two major types of dyslipidemia.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Body Weight ; China ; epidemiology ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Dyslipidemias ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; epidemiology ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Rural Population ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Urban Population ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the alterations in brain gray matter volume(GMV)in idiopathic generalized epilepsy(IGE)patients with typical absence seizure. Methods Nine IGE patients with typical absence seizure and 16 healthy volunteers were prospectively recruited from People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2012 to January 2014. By using a 3. 0T magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and voxel - based morphometry(VBM)method, their whole brain structures and their brain GMV were scanned and analyzed,respectively,then the changes in GMV were observed. Results Compared with healthy control group,brain GMV extensively decreased in IGE patients with typical absence seizure. Thirteen regions with significant differences were as follows:the right rectal gyrus(t = 3. 13,P ﹤0. 01),the left rectal gyrus(t = 4. 82,P ﹤ 0. 01),the right calcarine/ cuneus/ gyrus lingualis/ occipital gyrus/ inferior oc-cipital gyrus(t = 6. 86,P ﹤ 0. 01),right gyrus lingualis(t = 4. 01,P ﹤ 0. 01),the left gyrus lingualis/ inferior occipital gyrus(t = 3. 73,P ﹤ 0. 01),the left inferior occipital gyrus/ gyrus lingualis(t = 5. 42,P ﹤ 0. 01),the left middle occipi-tal gyrus(t = 3. 76,P ﹤ 0. 01),the right middle occipital gyrus/ superior occipital gyrus/ middle temporal gyrus( t =3. 85,P ﹤ 0. 01),left middle temporal gyrus/ superior temporal gyrus(t = 5. 06,P ﹤ 0. 01),the right precuneus/ cuneus (t = 3. 33,P ﹤ 0. 01),and the right superior parietal lo-bule(t = 3. 66,P ﹤ 0. 01),right precentral gyrus(t = 3. 44,P ﹤0. 01),right superior frontal gyrus/ paracentral lobule/ supplementary motor area(t = 3. 50,P ﹤ 0. 01). However,GMV increase was not found. Conclusions Brain GMV extensively decreased in 13 brain regions of IGE patients with typical absence seizure,and among them occipital lobe is the most significant.

Objective To investigate the levels and significance of Th17 cells and regulatory T cells (Treg) in peripheral blood of children with allergic rhinitis during pollen and non-pollen seasons.Methods Thirteen children with hay fever, 10 children with house dust mite(HDM)-allergic asthma and 10 healthy children were recruited into this study.Percentages of Th17 and Treg cells were detected by flow cytometry.Levels of IL-17, IL-10 and TGF-β in cell culture supernatants were measured by ELISA.Results (1) The percentages of Th17 cells in children with allergic rhinitis [(3.4±2.4)%] were significantly higher than those in HDM-allergic asthmatics [(2.1±1.6)%] and those in healthy children [(0.5±0.3)%] during pollen season (both P<0.05).The levels of Treg cells in allergic rhinitis group [(2.1±1.3)%] and in HDM-allergic asthma group [(3.6±1.9)%] were significantly lower than those in healthy control group [(5.5±2.8)%] (both P<0.05).The levels of Th17 cells [(3.0±1.9)% vs (3.4±2.4)%, P<0.05] and ratios of Th17/Treg cells [(1.4±1.0)% vs (1.7±1.5)%, P<0.05] in children with allergic rhinitis were significantly decreased during non-pollen season as compared with those during pollen season, but the levels of Treg cells were up-regulated [(2.4±1.6)% vs (2.1±1.3)%, P<0.05].(2) Correlation analysis revealed that the ratios of Th17/Treg cells were positively correlated with the concentrations of FeNO (fractional concentration of exhaled NO) (r=0.321, P<0.05) and the counts of circulating eosinophils (r=0.198, P<0.05) in children with allergic rhinitis during pollen season.Conclusion The imbalanced Th17 and Treg cells in children with allergic rhinitis during pollen season might play a vital role in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation.

China still has more than 30,000 patients of advanced schistosomiasis while new cases being reported consistently. D-dimer is a fibrin degradation product. As ascites being the dominating symptom in advanced schistosomiasis, the present study aimed to explore a prediction model of ascites with D-dimer and other clinical easy-achievable indicators. A case-control study nested in a prospective cohort was conducted in schistosomiasis-endemic area of southern China. A total of 291 patients of advanced schistosomiasis were first investigated in 2013 and further followed in 2014. Information on clinical history, physical examination, and abdominal ultrasonography, including the symptom of ascites was repeatedly collected. Result showed 44 patients having ascites. Most of the patients' ascites were confined in the kidney area with median area of 20 mm². The level of plasma D-dimer and pertinent liver function indicators were measured at the initial investigation in 2013. Compared with those without ascites, cases with ascites had significantly higher levels of D-dimer (0.71±2.44 μg/L vs 0.48±2.12 μg/L, P=0.005), as well ALB (44.5 vs 46.2, g/L) and Type IV collagen (50.04 vs 44.50 μg/L). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses indicated a moderate predictive value of D-dimer by its own area under curve (AUC) of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.54–0.73) and the cutoff value as 0.81 μg/L. Dichotomized by the cutoff level, D-dimer along with other categorical variables generated a prediction model with AUC of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.68–0.89). Risks of patients with specific characteristics in the prediction model were summarized. Our study suggests that the plasma D-dimer level is a reliable predictor for incident ascites in advanced schistosomiasis japonica patients.
Area Under Curve ; Ascites* ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Cohort Studies ; Collagen Type IV ; Fibrin ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Physical Examination ; Plasma* ; Prospective Studies* ; ROC Curve ; Schistosoma japonicum ; Schistosomiasis japonica* ; Schistosomiasis* ; Ultrasonography

Objective To evaluate the pathophysiological change of diabetes and its significance in the treatment of newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.Methods A total of 322 newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were included in this study and were divided into 2 groups with normal or impaired islet first-phase insulin secretion according to arginine stimulation test.The former group was assigned to repaglinide (Novo Norm), rosiglitazone (Avandia) and mefformin subgroups and the latter one to repaglinide,rosiglitazone and glipizide subgroups randomly.Results (1)Compared with baseline,fasting plasma glucose,2 h postprandial plasma glucose and HbA_(1C) were significantly decreased in all subgroups after 3 and 6 months of treatment (all P

Objective To evaluate the first-phase insulin release and insulin sensitivity in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes.Methods A total of 332 patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes were classified into two groups of normal or abnormal islet function according to arginine stimulation test,and their results were evaluated.Results (1)Body weight,body mass index (BMI),waist circumference,hip circumference,femoral circumference,fasting serum true insulin and triglyceride in normal islet function group were significantly higher than those in abnormal group (all P

Accumulation of amyloid-beta peptides (Aβ) results in amyloid burden in normal aging brain. Clearance of this peptide from the brain occurs via active transport at the interfaces separating the central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral circulation. The present study was to investigate the change of Aβ transporters expression at the choroid plexus (CP) in normal aging. Morphological modifications of CP were observed by transmission electron microscope. Real-time RT-PCR was used to measure mRNA expressions of Aβ(42) and its transporters, which include low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 and 2 (LRP-1 and -2), P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), at the CP epithelium in rats at ages of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33 and 36 months. At the same time, the mRNA expressions of oxidative stress-related proteins were also measured. The results showed that a striking deterioration of the CP epithelial cells and increased Aβ(42) mRNA expression were observed in aged rats, and there was a decrease in the transcription of the Aβ efflux transporters, LRP-1 and P-gp, no change in RAGE mRNA expression and an increase in LRP-2, the CP epithelium Aβ influx transporter. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and caspase-3 expressions at the CP epithelium increased with age at the mRNA level. These results suggest the efficacy of the CP in clearing of Aβ deceases in normal aging, which results in the increase of brain Aβ accumulation. And excess Aβ interferes with oxidative phosphorylation, leads to oxidative stress and morphological structural changes. This in turn induces further pathological cascades of toxicity, inflammation and neurodegeneration process.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family B ; metabolism ; Aging ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; metabolism ; Animals ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Choroid Plexus ; physiology ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ; metabolism ; LDL-Receptor Related Proteins ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Peptide Fragments ; metabolism ; Rats ; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products ; Receptors, Immunologic ; metabolism