An antibiotic-producing bacterium, which was numbered as 20 #-5, was separated from the soil in Chongqing. It was identified as the member of pseudomonas. Gram positive bacteria are badly suppressed by it. The antibiotic secreted by 20 #-5 can endure 100℃ for half an hour, and it can also go through the ultrafiltration membrane with pores of 0.22?m.

Objective To systematic evaluate the necessity of vancomy-cin therapeutic drug monitoring in cancer patients .Methods Electronic databases such as PubMed , EMBase, Cochrane library and Chinese data-base (CNKI, WanFang, CBM) were searched from establishment dates of databases to January 2014.The clinical observational studies which in-clude cancer patients using vancomycin intravenously was identified .The studies were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria , the data were extracted , the quality of the included studies was assessed , and Meta -analysis was performed using Rev Man 5.3 software. Results Six cohort studies were identified .Compared with no -cancer patients, infectious treatment failure increases significantly (P<0.05), the target concentration rate of vancomycin decrease significantly (P<0.05).Conclusion As the decrease of target concentration rate and increase of treatment failure , cancer patients need therapeutic drug monitoring ( TDM) to adjust the dose of vancomycin .

Objective To systematic evaluate the necessity of vancomy-cin therapeutic drug monitoring in intensive care unit ( ICU ) patients compare with general ward patients . Methods Electronic databases such as PubMed , Embase , the Cochrane library and Chinese database (CNKI, WanFang, CBM) were searched from establishment dates of databases to January 2014.The clinical observational studies which in-clude ICU patients using vancomycin intravenously was identified .The studies were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria , the data were extracted , the quality of the included studies was assessed , and Meta-analysis was performed using Rev Man 5.3 software. Results Three cohort studies were identified . One study shows no difference in the rate of treatment failure of ICU compare with general ward patients ( P>0.05 ) .Two studies shows nephrotoxicity increased significantly of ICU patients compare with general ward patients (P<0.05).Conclusion As the increase of nephrotoxicity and large individual difference , ICU patients need vancomycin TDM more .Due to the low methodological quality of the included studies , more high -quality clinical studies need to be conducted to verify this conclusion .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of hydroquinone (HQ) on expression of topoisomerase IIα (TOPOIIα) in human bone marrow mononuclear cells, and to explore the role and possible regulatory mechanism of TOPOIIα involved in toxicity of HQ to hematopoietic cells.

METHODSAfter human bone marrow mononuclear cells were exposed to 50 µmol/L HQ (used the cells which were exposed to sterile distilled water as control); the activity of TOPOII was measured by TOPOII assay kit; the expression levels of TOPOIIα mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR technique and Western blotting method respectively; the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was carried out to study the possible mechanism of TOPOIIα expression changes.

RESULTS(1) The activity of TOPOII was inhibited obviously; the protein and mRNA expression of TOPOIIα were 0.017 ± 0.029 and 0.610 ± 0.128, significantly lower than that in the control with the significant difference (P < 0.01) after treated with HQ for 10 h; (2) The decreased content of TOPOIIα was associated with descended level of histone H4 acetylation than in the control, from 1.198 ± 0.056 to 0.324 ± 0.229, with the significant difference (P < 0.01), without accompanied descended level of histone H3 acetylation, from 1.253 ± 0.045 to 1.177 ± 0.025 (P > 0.05); (3) TOPOIIα mRNA expression decreased gradually after HQ processing, and the chemical modification (histone H4 acetylation) of TOPOIIα promoter happened prior to the mRNA expression.

CONCLUSIONHQ could repress the expression of TOPOIIα in human bone marrow mononuclear cells; the change of histone chemical modification plays an important role in the benzene's hematopoietic toxicity.

Acetylation ; Adult ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; metabolism ; Bone Marrow Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II ; metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Female ; Histones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroquinones ; toxicity ; Male ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate clinical therapeutic effect of post-stroke shoulder pain treated by acupuncture combined with Tuina.

METHODSThree hundred cases of post-stroke shoulder pain were randomly divided into an acupuncture and Tuina group and a rehabilitation group by double-center randomized controlled clinical trial method. In acupuncture and Tuina group, normalized electroacupuncture and Tuina therapy were applied, that was electroacupuncture at main points, such as Chize (LU 5), Quze (PC 3), Shaohai (HT 3), Jianyu (LI 15), Jianliao (TE 14) and Jianjing (GB 21),etc., combined with traditional Tuina manipulations; in rehabilitation group, the rehabilitation methods such as the electrostimulation through nervus cutaneus and the squeezing and stabilizing manipulations of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF), etc. were applied. The treatment courses of both groups were 6 weeks. The main therapeutic effect indices were the Assessment Face Scale (AFS) for pain when shoulder was in passive motion and the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment for upper limbs active function; the secondary indices were the moditied Rankin Scale (mRS) and the clinical incidences of shoulder-hand syndrome of hemiplegia and shoulder joint subluxation of hemiplegia.

RESULTSAfter 6 weeks treatment and 12 weeks follow-up, AFS score, Fugl-Meyer motor assessment of upper limbs active function and mRS evaluation in acupuncture and Tuina group were more obviously improved than those in rehabilitation group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Although the clinical incidences of shoulder-hand syndrome of hemiplegia and shoulder joint subluxation of hemiplegia in acupuncture and Tuina group was equal to those in rehabilitation group [3.55% (5/141) vs 8.45% (12/142), 1.42% (2/141) vs 5.63% (8/142), both P > 0.05], the data indicated that there was a superiority tendency in acupuncture and Tuina group.

CONCLUSIONThe combined therapy of electroacupuncture and Tuina is a normative manipulation, and the therapeutic effect is satisfying for post-stroke shoulder pain, superior to that of comprehensive rehabilitation treatment.

Aged ; Amobarbital ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drug Combinations ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Secobarbital ; Shoulder Pain ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Stroke ; complications

BACKGROUNDIllegal plasma collecting activities in mid 1990s caused a large number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in rural areas of central-eastern China. Although most of these activities have been stopped, there were few reports on secondary transmission from infected former plasma donors to their spouses and from infected mothers to their children. This study was to determine the extent of HIV infections among young children in a rural community with a large proportion of plasma donors.

METHODSA survey was conducted among children aged under 7 years in a former plasma donating community in September 2000: finger blood was collected for HIV antibody testing. Another survey was repeated among children aged under 8 years and their families in the same community in April 2001: urine samples were collected for HIV testing. HIV positive children and samples of HIV negative children, whose mothers were positive based on 2001 survey, were followed up until September 2002 to investigate HIV seroconversion, disease progression and HIV strain analysis. Questionnaires were administered to collect information on children's delivery, breast feeding, medical history and their parents' commercial blood donation history and HIV status.

RESULTSAmong 169 children surveyed in 2000, 10 (5.9%) were HIV positive. Of 224 children, 11 were positive in 2001. The overall prevalence rate in the two surveys was 5.0% (17/337) when counting 56 repeated children only once. Of children born to HIV positive mothers, 28.9% were infected. A seroconversion rate of 2.5 per 100 child-years was observed by following up 28 HIV negative children. No statistically significant associations were found between children's HIV infection and their histories of blood transfusion, surgery, immunization injection or medical injections. All infections were HIV-1 subtype B' strain, the average dispersion rate is 7.4%. DNA sequence analysis showed a close relationship between the seroconverted children and their infected mothers.

CONCLUSIONSHIV vertical transmissions in the rural former plasma donating community was significant. Intervention measures should be taken to prevent further transmission. It was estimated that the HIV spread in this community occurred in 1994 or even earlier. Many infected people are developing AIDS now: treatment and care are urgently needed for these sick people.

Blood Donors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; transmission ; HIV Seropositivity ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; statistics & numerical data ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of curcumin analogue L 6H4 on diaphragm of type 2 dia-betic rats.METHODS: SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats ( n=40) were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control (NC) group, high fat (HF) group, high fat+L6H4 treatment (FT) group, diabetes mellitus (DM) group and DM +L6H4 treatment (DT) group.The rats in the later 4 groups were fed with high-fat diet.After 4 weeks of high-fat diet fee-ding, the rats in DM and DT groups were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin to induce type 2 diabetes melliutus. The rats in FT and DT groups were given L6H4 by gavage for 8 weeks.Blood glucose and blood lipid levels were detected biochemically .Fasting serum insulin ( FINS ) level was measured by radioimmunoassay and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated.Serum adiponectin (APN) level was measured by ELISA.The morphological changes of the diaphragm were observed under light and transmission electron microscopes .Lipid deposition and the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and NADH-tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) were observed by enzyme histochemical staining . The content of malondialdehyde ( MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase ( SOD) in the diaphragm were measured by thiobarbituric acid method and hydroxylamine method , respectively .The protein expression of adiponectin receptor 1 ( AdipoR1) in the diaphragm was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot .RESULTS:The levels of blood lipids , blood glucose , FINS and HOMA-IR in HF and DM groups were higher than those in NC group , but decreased after L6H4 treatment.The serum APN level in HF and DM groups was lower than that in NC group , but increased after treat-ment with L6H4.The muscle fibers of the diaphragm were shrunk , fat particles accumulated in the muscle fibers , and the mitochondria were slightly swollen in HF and DM groups .The diaphragmatic fibrosis was obvious in DM group .These le-sions were relieved after L6H4 treatment.Compared with NC group, the level of MDA and the activity of SDH and NADH-TR in the diaphragm were increased in HF and DM groups , but decreased after treatment with L 6H4.The activity of SOD and the expression of AdipoR1 in the diaphragm were lower than those in NC group , but increased after L6H4 treatment. CONCLUSION: The curcumin analogue L6H4 exerts a protective effect on diaphragm in type 2 diabetic rats.The strengthened protein expression of AdipoR 1, the increased serum level of APN , and anti-lipid peroxidation may be involved in the process .

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy and toxicity of RNCE regimen in the treatment of relapsed or refractory B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).

METHODSFrom January 2000 to December 2005, 46 patients with relapsed or refractory B cell NHL were treated by RNCE regimen with or without radiotherapy for the involved field. The clinical characteristics, response, toxicity and long-term survival results were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSA total of 46 patients were eligible. The complete response rate of second-line therapy was 52.17% (24/46), and the overall response rate was 82.61% (38/46). The median follow-up duration in this series was 69 months (range:6 to 102 months). The overall 1, 3, 5-year survival rate was 74.8%, 48.3%, 40.1%, respectively, with a median survival time of 30.2 months (5 to 65 months), and median progression free survival time of 10.9 months (2 to 31 months). The major toxicities were myelosuppression, GI toxicity, fatigue, fever and alopecia.

CONCLUSIONOur data show that RNCE regimen treatment is effective and well tolerated in patients with relapsed or refractory B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alopecia ; chemically induced ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Etoposide ; administration & dosage ; Fatigue ; chemically induced ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; chemically induced ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Remission Induction ; Retrospective Studies ; Rituximab ; Survival Rate ; Thrombocytopenia ; chemically induced ; Vinblastine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Young Adult

A simple, rapid and sensitive colorimetric reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method was established to detect norovirus genotype GII. The method employed a set of six specially designed primers that recognized eight distinct sequences of RNA-dependant RNA polymerase and capsid protein gene for amplification of nucleic acid under isothermal conditions at 65 degrees C for 60 minutes. The amplification process of RT-LAMP was monitored by the addition of HNB (Hydroxy naphthol blue) dye prior to amplification. A positive reaction was indicated by a color change from violet to sky blue and confirmed by agarose electrophoresis. The specificity of the RT-LAMP was validated by detecting several different diarrhea viruses including norovirus genotype GII. The sensitivity was determined by serial dilutions of RNA molecules from in vitro transcription of norovirus genotype GII in parallel with conventional RT-PCR detection. The assay was further evaluated with 93 clinical specimens of diarrhea patients. The results showed that the sensitivity of RT-LAMP was 1 000 copies/microL with a high specificity and the relative sensitivity was at the same level as that of conventional RT-PCR. Positive rate of RT-LAMP in analysis of clinical specimens was approximately the same as that of conventional RT-PCR as well. This colorimetric RT-LAMP assay was potential for rapid detection of norovirus genotype GII on spot due to the observation of visual result with high specificity and sensitivity, time-saving and cost benefit.
Caliciviridae Infections ; diagnosis ; virology ; Colorimetry ; methods ; Feces ; virology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Norovirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; methods