Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of microglial polarization at the perihe-matoma area and provide timepoint evidence for interventing microglial polarization as well as studying the polarization mechanism after intracerebral hemorrhage ( ICH ) . Methods Healthy male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham group,ICH-4 h,1 d,3 d,7 d and 14 d groups with 6 in each group. The rats in ICH groups were injected collagenase VII-s into the caudate nucleus to establish the in-tracerebral hematoma model and rats in sham operated group were treated with the same amount of saline. The brains were taken at 4 h,1 d,3 d,7 d,14 d in the ICH group,1 d in sham group. Microglia typeⅠ( M1, CD11b++CD86+) and microglia typeⅡ( M2,CD11b++Arg-1+) were examined by immunofluorescence and the number of M1 and M2 around hematoma were analyzed. Results ( 1) The M1 and M2 were both ob-served at 4 h after ICH and a small quantity of branches were still presented on M1. ( 2) M1 took the main position in acute stage (1~3 d),early subacute stage(3~7 d) and chronic stage (>14 d) after ICH.The number of M2 was elevated transiently in superacute (<24 h) and late subacute stage (7 d).The number of M2 (31.40±1.69) was more than M1 (21.43±1.81) at 4 h after ICH ( t=- 4.085, P=0.002),and the number of M2 (116.25±5.06) significantly exceeded M1 (85.75±7.32) again on day 7 ( t=-0.690, P=0.001). Conclusion M1 is in a dominant position in acute,early subacute and chronic stages after ICH;M2 is dominant in superacute and late subacute stages. Investigating the mechanism of M2 formation at acute period ( such as 4 h) or late subacute stage ( such as 7 d) ,and inhibiting M1 formation in the early subacute stage ( 1~3 d) have important significance for clinical treatment of ICH.

Objective To explore the relationship between psychological distress and T lymphocyte counts in HIV/AIDS patients. Methods A total of 102 HIV/AIDS patients were raeasured by symptom check list(SCL-90), self-rating depressive scale (SDS) and sclf-rating anxiety scale(SAS). Patients were divided into 2 groups based on CD4+ T lymphocyte counts < 0.2×109/L (group A) and ≥0.2×109/L(group B).Results 77cases (75.49%) had psychological problems, including depression, relationship problems, psychosis, force etc. The prevalence of depression and anxiety were 67.65 % (69/102)and 43.13 % (44/102)respectively. The symptom of depression and anxiety of patients in group A were severer than those in group B ( P < 0.05 ). The CD4+ T lymphocyte counts were significantly negatively correlated with the total score, depression score, paranoid score and psychosis score of SCL-90 (all P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Most of the HIV/AIDS patients were in an obviously abnormal psychological status. The psychological distress symptom of HIV/AIDS patients might had negative effects on the number of CD4+ T lymphocyte.

BACKGROUNDThe ankle brachial index (ABI) is a simple, inexpensive, noninvasive tool that correlates well with angiographic disease severity and functional symptoms. The aim of this study was to identify the manifestation of lower extremity atherosclerotic lesions in patients with high ABI by retrospective clinical study.

METHODSA cohort of 184 diabetic patients, (63 +/- 14) years old, 144 males, who underwent simultaneously ABI testing and low extremity arterial duplex ultrasound within one week, were enrolled randomly into this study. According to the ABI value, they were divided into three groups: the high, normal and low ABI groups. The severity and location of atherosclerotic lesions in the lower extremity were determined based on the results of low extremity artery duplex ultrasound. The chi-square test was used to compare the atherosclerosis severity grade and lesion location across the three groups.

RESULTSThe prevalence of low extremity artery occlusion was significantly lower in the high ABI group than in the low ABI group (3.3% vs. 63.5%, P < 0.01), and the main atherosclerotic lesions were diffuse dot-like hyperechogenicity spots or small plaques (86.7%). In addition, the atherosclerotic lesions were mostly found in the distal segment of the lower extremity in patients with high ABI (46.3%).

CONCLUSIONA high ABI may be an integrative marker for intimal and medial calcification, which has a high positive predictive value for artery calcification.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Ankle Brachial Index ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; diagnosis ; Atherosclerosis ; diagnosis ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; diagnosis