Objective To establish an indicator system for performance assessment of women and children health care institutions,and provide basis for performance management of such institutions.Methods In this study,literature searching,expert discussion,Delphi method,coefficient of variation method,correlation analysis,principal components analysis,factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to establish the indicator system.In addition,expert scoring and CRITIC methods were called into play to calculate the weight coefficient of each index,and to test the validity and reliability of such an indicator system.Results Thanks to the framework of this indicator system,we set up six class 1 indicators,including heahhcare quality,healthcare efficiency,quality and efficiency of public health service,social efficiency,economic benefit,and development potential.Conclusions Scientific studies can help us build a scientific and practical general performance assessment indicator system applicable to women and children care hospitals at all levels.

Objective To observe the effect of carvedilol on the expression of Cx43 in rabbits with myocardial infarction and its association with ventricular arrhythmia.Method Thirty-six rabbits were randomly divided into three groups in equal number(n=12),namely,myocardial infarction(MI)group,carvedilol group and sham MI group.Rabbits of carvedilol group were administered with carvedilol 5 mg kg~(-1)?d~(-1)after MI induced,while no carvedilol was administered to the MI group.The following observations were made:(1)Cx43 density of the epicardial border zone measured by quantitative immnuoconfocal laser scanning,and(2)cx43 protein expression analyzed by western blot.Results(1)Under immunoconfocal laser microscope,the relative density of Cx43 was(0.16?0.06)% in the infarction group and was(0.32?0.11)% in the sham MI group [(0.68?0.15)%,both P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the photocatalytic degradation of gaseous ammonia in static state by using nano-TiO2 as photocatalyst supported on latex paint film under UV-irradiation.

METHODSExperiments were conducted to study the relationship between the initial concentration of ammonia and the degradation products competing to be adsorbed on catalyst surface. Degradation of ammonia and its products were detected by spectrophotometry and catalytic kinetic spectrophotometry, respectively.

RESULTSOn the one hand, TiO2 catalyst was excellent for degradation of ammonia, and the crystal phase of TiO2, anatase or rutile, had little effect on degradation of ammonia, but the conversion of ammonia grew with the increase of catalyst content. On the other hand, apparent rate constant and conversion of ammonia decreased with the increase of initial concentration of ammonia, and the photocatalytic degradation reaction followed a pseudo-first-order expression due to the evidence of linear correlation between -lnC/C0 vs. irradiation time t, but the relationship between initial concentration and the degradation products was not linear in low initial concentration.

CONCLUSIONWhether the photocatalytic degradation of ammonia in static state follows a first-order reaction depends on the initial ammonia concentration due to competition in adsorption between reactant and the degradation products.

Ammonia ; chemistry ; Catalysis ; Gases ; Kinetics ; Metal Nanoparticles ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Paint ; Photochemistry ; Titanium ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the bladder function in primipara and bipara within 1 week after delivery using urodynamic study.Methods Investigations on urodynamic changes were performed in 36 primipara volunteers and 12 bipara volunteers according to the recommendations of the International Continence Society(ICS).Fourteen women with upper urinary tract diseases but having normal lower urinary tract function,who had not experienced parturation were included as controls.Results Functional bladder volume(FBV)of primipara and bipara after delivery and normal desire cytometric capacity (NDCC)were respectively lower than those of control group(437?193)ml and(338?120)ml,however FBV and NDCC between primipara and bipara(310?154),(215?90)ml vs(243?141),(225?115) ml were not significantly different.The static Pure.max and Pure.clos.max of primipara and bipara were respectively higher than those of control group(87?7)cm H_2O(1 cm H_2O=0.098 kPa)and(78?8) cm H_2O(P

Objective: To evaluate the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on microglial activation during oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration (OGD/R) injury. Methods: N9 microglia were inoculated in 96-well culture plates at a density of 10⁴ cells/well for 3-5 days and divided into 3 groups (n=18 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), group OGD/R and DHA+ OGD/R group. The cells were cultured for 24 h in an incubator at 37 ℃ (95% air-5% CO₂) in group C. In OGD/R and DHA groups, the culture medium was replaced by glucose-free culture medium, the cells were cultured for 12 h in an incubator at 37 ℃ (95% N₂-5% CO₂), and then cells were returned to the normal culture medium and cultured for 24 h in an incubator at 37 ℃ (95% air-5% CO₂) to establish the OGD/R injury model. The cells in group DHA were incubated with 25 μmol/L DHA at 12 h before OGD/R. The cell viability was detected using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured by using chemical colorimetric method, activated microglia were counted by immunofluorescence staining, the expression of microglia activation marker iba-1 was detected by Western blot, and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-4 and IL-10 in culture medium were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Compared with the group C, the cell viability was significantly decreased, the LDH activity was increased, the number of activated microglia was increased, and the expression of iba-1 was up-regulated in OGD/R and DHA+ OGD/R groups, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased in group OGD/R, and the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly increased in group DHA+ OGD/R (P<0.05). Compared with group OGD/R, the cell viability was significantly increased, the LDH activity was decreased, the number of activated microglia was decreased, the expression of iba-1 was down-regulated, TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations were decreased, and IL-4 and IL-10 concentrations were increased in group DHA (P<0.05). Conclusion The mechanism by which DHA reduces OGD/R injury may be related to inhibiting activation of microglia and to reducing inflammatory responses.

AIMTo study the effect of volume expansion by 0.9% and 1.8% sodium solution on cardiac-renal reflex activity and the role of cardiac-renal reflex in the regulation of integrated function.

METHODS18 health pentobarbital-anaesthetized rabbits were divided evenly into 2 groups at random, bilateral sino-aortic denervation, intubated via right jugular vein to monitor CVP, left renal nerve separated and ending sectioned to record ERSNA, bilateral ureter intubated to collect urine, right femoral intubated to get blood sample. 15% of whole body blood volume of 0.9% and 1.8% sodium solution were injected via jugular vein 10 ml per minute respectively. The CVP, ERSNA, bilateral urine volume and coefficient of sodium excretion were measured before treated, during treated, one minute, five minutes and ten minutes after treated.

RESULTSVolume expansion by 0.9% and 1.8% sodium solution respectively resulted in the increase of CVP by 64.00% +/- 15.56% and 77.00% +/- 23.74%; the decrease of the frequency of ERSNA by 44.00% +/- 13.64% and 63.00% +/- 12.49%, the average burst time of ERSNA by 37.00% +/- 16.49% and 31.00% +/- 10.69%, the increase of average interval of ERSNA bursts by 60.00% +/- 18.38% and 68.00% +/- 27.04%; the increase of urine volume by 158.00% +/- 28.10% and 640.00% +/- 155.39% in left kidney, 192.00% +/- 32.26% and 1343.00% +/- 429.95% in the right; the increase of coefficient of sodium excretion by 132.00% +/- 35.23% and 376.00% +/- 121.72% in the left, 300.00% +/- 76.99% and 856.00% +/- 261.48% in the right.

CONCLUSIONVolume expansion by different solution stimulate the receptors of cardiopulmonary and regulate the water and sodium excretion of the kidney by the cardiac-renal reflex to modulate the stabilization of blood volume.

Animals ; Blood Volume ; drug effects ; physiology ; Central Venous Pressure ; Heart ; drug effects ; innervation ; Kidney ; drug effects ; innervation ; Rabbits ; Reflex ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma.

METHODSA total of consecutive 823 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma from October 1996 to September 2001 were included in this study. All patients underwent curative liver resection and 126 patients (15.3%) received TACE post operation. The effects of postoperative TACE on the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma with different pathological characteristics such as tumor size, tumor capsule, number of nodules, vascular invasion and surgical margin was analyzed.

RESULTSPostoperative TACE had not decreased the recurrence rate in patients with a tumor diameter less than 3 cm. Postoperative TACE increased the disease-free survival for patients with tumor diameter of 3 - 10 cm, positive in alpha fetoprotein (AFP), presented vascular invasion or patients with tumor diameter larger than 10 cm, positive in AFP, multi-nodular, presented vascular invasion, resection margin less than 1 cm.

CONCLUSIONSPostoperative TACE can decrease recurrence rate and prolong the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with high risk factors for recurrence.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatectomy ; Hepatic Artery ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; prevention & control ; Neoplasm Staging ; Postoperative Care ; Prognosis

The clinical evaluation methods of facial paralysis can be divided into functional evaluation scales,neuro-electrophysiologi-cal tests and computer evaluation systems.The commonly used function evaluation scales include House-Brackmann Grading Scale(HB-GS),Burres-Fisch Facial Nerve Scoring System,Nottingham System,Sunnybrook facial grading System(SFGS),Degree of Facial Nerve Paralysis Hierarchical Scale,Facial Disability Index(FDI)and Facial Clinimetric Evaluation(FaCE)Scale,etc.Neuro-electrophysiological tests mainly consist of facial electromyography (EMG), electroneurography (ENoG), blink reflex (BR), and neural excitatory test (NET), etc.The computer evaluation system based on the sensor is mainly divided into the computer evaluation system based on infrared thermal image technology and the computer evaluation system based on biomedicine image recognition.This article briefly summarized the existing methods of facial paralysis evaluation in terms of sensitivity,stability,accuracy,ease of operation and economics.

Objective To construct a human tumor necrosis factor (hTNF-a) plasmid and identify it to optimize the fermentation conditions of hTNF-α protein so as to achieve high expression in Escherichia coli.Methods The gene of hTNF-a was cloned into pET24a vector to obtain the pET24a-hTNF-a expression plasmid that was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3),and the expression conditions of BL21 (DE3) were optimized.Results The plasmid of pET24a-hTNF-α was successfully constructed and identified by PCR and digestion,which was consistent with the target fragment hTNF-α.The plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3),the best induced expression conditions of Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) were as follows:M9+LB medium,37℃,0.5 mmol/L IPTG,pH =7.5,and induction time was 5 h.The results showed that dry weight of the cells and the rate of TNF were increased by 2.56 times and 3.68 times,respectively,and the expression rate of hTNF-α was increased by 3.49 times from 9.38％ to 32.74％.Conclusion The optimal conditions for the expression of plasmid pET24a-hTNF-α in Escherichia coli were determined.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the practicability of detecting the micrometastases in lymph nodes of no-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by means of the immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.

METHODSThe lymph node samples were taken from the patients with NSCLC during the operations. Firstly, each resulting tissue block was processed for routine paraffin embedding. Then the 6 approximately 10 serial sections were chosen, each 5 microm thick, from every paraffin block of the lymph node. Finally, the first and the second last sections of each lymph node were stained by hematoxylin eosin (HE), and the other serial sections were used for the IHC staining examination with the monoclonal antibody against cytokeratin 19.

RESULTSThe paraffin embedded sections of 195 regional lymph nodes from 25 patients with NSCLC were examined by HE staining. Thirty lymph nodes in 9 patients revealed gross nodal metastases, and none of lymph node in 25 patients showed micrometastatic tumor cells. Frozen tissue sections from 135 regional lymph nodes that were staged as free of metastases by HE staining were screened by IHC staining. Thirty-one lymph nodes in 9 patients showed micrometastatic tumor cells. Five of sixteen patients staged as PN(0) had hilum lymph nodal micrometastases, versus four of nine patients with stage PN(1) had mediastinal lymph nodal micrometastases. There was a significant difference between two groups (chi(2)=52.900, P=0.0193).

CONCLUSIONSConventional HE staining can accurately detect gross nodal metastases in the lymph nodes of patients with NSCLC, but is unfit for detecting lymph nodal micrometastases. IHC staining analysis can significantly facilitate the detection of occult micrometastatic tumor cells in lymph nodes of NSCLC, and its assessment of nodal micrometastases can provide a refinement of TNM stage for partial patients with stage I to II NSCLC.

Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; secondary ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin-19 ; analysis ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymph Nodes ; chemistry ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging