OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational drug use in pediatric department. METHODS:The utilization of pe-diatric prescription drugs in inpatient department of our hospital during 2008 to 2014 was analyzed in respects of number,consump-tion sum,DDDs,etc. RESULTS:The consumption sum of antimicrobial drugs increased from 657 000 yuan in 2008 to 1 453 000 yuan in 2014. The consumption sum of creatine phosphate sodium increased from 384 000 yuan in 2012 to 889 000 yuan in 2014. The consumption sum of Lysine hydrochloride and sodium chloride injection entered the top 5 in 2014,reaching 205 000 yuan. The consumption sum of essential medicines changed greatly due to varieties. Top 5 antimicrobial drugs in the list of DDDs mainly wereβ-lactam,showing a descreasing trend on the whole. CONCLUSIONS:There are some problems in use of part drugs. It is need to strengthen propaganda and intervention of rational drug use.

LC-MS/MS method was used to simultaneously determine anti-oxidative active catechins EGCG, ECG, EGC and EC in plasma of rats treated with tea polyphenols (TP). The integrated plasma concentration (C') of TP was calculated by means of self-defined weighing coefficient based on percent AUC of individual components, thereby assessing integrated pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of TP via log C'-T curve. The anti-free radical effects of TP were estimated using inhibitory rate of drug-containing serum collected at different times from rats against in vitro lipid peroxidation of mouse liver homogenate. The obtained E-T curves were used to calculate anti-free radical pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters of TP. E-logC and E-log C' plots and linear regression were carried out in order to obtain the correlation coefficient (R2). The results indicated that the log C'-T curves of TP, which could be best described by three-compartment model, corresponded to elimination rule of iv administration of drugs. The integrated PK parameters showed that TP was distributed in body rapidly and widely, and eliminated from deep compartment slowly. From comparison of R2 values and consistence of C'-T course and E-T course, it was evident that TP integrated PK behaviors correlated much better with its PD behaviors than individual active components, and thus demonstrated that integrated PK parameters could characterize to maximal extent holistic disposition of Chinese herbal drugs and reflect residence properties of holistic effective substances in biological body.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of ghrelin and its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), in the hypothalamus and gastrointestinal tract in rats with chronic renal failure (CRF) and explore their relationship with the disorder of gastrointestinal tract motility.

METHODSSD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n=8) and CRF group (n=16), and in the latter group, the rats were subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy to induce CRF. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the distribution of mRNA and protein of ghrelin and GHS-R in the gastric fundus, duodenum, and hypothalamus.

RESULTSThe rats in the CRF group showed a significantly higher expression of ghrelin mRNA and protein in the gastric fundus but a lower expression in the hypothalamus than those in the sham-operated group (P<0.01), but the expression in the duodenum was similar between the two groups (P>0.05). The expression of GHS-R mRNA and protein in the gastric fundus was significantly higher in the CRF group than in the sham-operated group (P<0.01), while in the hypothalamus and duodenum, the expression was significantly lower in the CRF group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe different distribution patterns of ghrelin and GHS-R in the tissues may be an important pathological basis of gastrointestinal motility disorder in CRF.

Animals ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; metabolism ; Ghrelin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Ghrelin ; genetics ; metabolism

A cDNA fragment locating at the putative envelop protein 2(E2) region of GBV-C/HGV fused with Schistosoma japonicum, glutathione S-transferase(GST) was amplified with PCR from plasmid pGEX-E2. The amplified DNA fragment was inserted into plasmid pGEX-5X-1, at the downstream of the coding sequences of GST, in the same reading frame with the gene of GST. The fusion gene fragment of GST-E2 was amplified with PCR, using the recombinant plasmid pGEX-5X-1-E2 as the template. The amplified 1324 bp DNA fragment of GST-E2 was inserted into Pichia pastoris expression vector pPIC9K in reading frame with alpha-factor secreting signal peptide. The plasmid pPIC9K-GST-E2 was transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115 with electroporation. The transformants (His+ Muts) were selected and induced to express the 54kD GST-E2 fusion protein, which could be specially recognized by both the antisera directed against E2 and against GST. The GST-E2 fusion protein was purified with Sepharose 4B glutathione affinity chromatography to a purity of 95%. The expression was optimized to achieve the highest expression level of GST-E2 fusion protein which was accumulated up to 50% of total proteins in the culture supernatant. The GST-E2 protein derived from the recombinant Pichia pastoris was proved possessing antigenicity and high specificity by ELISA, probed with sera from the patients infected by GBV-C/HGV.
Animals ; Antigens, Viral ; genetics ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; GB virus C ; genetics ; immunology ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Engineering ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; Hepatitis Antibodies ; blood ; immunology ; Humans ; Pichia ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Schistosoma japonicum ; enzymology ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; isolation & purification

LC-MS/MS method was used to simultaneously determine anti-oxidative active catechins EGCG, ECG, EGC and EC in plasma of rats treated with tea polyphenols (TP). The integrated plasma concentration (C') of TP was calculated by means of self-defined weighing coefficient based on percent AUC of individual components, thereby assessing integrated pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of TP via log C'-T curve. The anti-free radical effects of TP were estimated using inhibitory rate of drug-containing serum collected at different times from rats against in vitro lipid peroxidation of mouse liver homogenate. The obtained E-T curves were used to calculate anti-free radical pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters of TP. E-logC and E-log C' plots and linear regression were carried out in order to obtain the correlation coefficient (R2). The results indicated that the log C'-T curves of TP, which could be best described by three-compartment model, corresponded to elimination rule of iv administration of drugs. The integrated PK parameters showed that TP was distributed in body rapidly and widely, and eliminated from deep compartment slowly. From comparison of R2 values and consistence of C'-T course and E-T course, it was evident that TP integrated PK behaviors correlated much better with its PD behaviors than individual active components, and thus demonstrated that integrated PK parameters could characterize to maximal extent holistic disposition of Chinese herbal drugs and reflect residence properties of holistic effective substances in biological body.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Area Under Curve ; Catechin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Free Radical Scavengers ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; Injections, Intravenous ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Polyphenols ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Tea ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the changes of the expressions of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1)and the retinoid X receptor(RXR?in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques and to explore the possible mechanisms by which ABCA1 affects the formation of carotid atherosclerosis(CAS). Methods 24 carotid atherosclerotic plaque and 10 intestinal artery specimens were respectively collected to compared the expression levels of ABCA1 mRNA.RXR?mRNA and those protein,ABCA1 and RXR?gene expressions were determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)in the specimens,meanwhile the presence of ABCAI and RXRcprotein was assessed by Western blot.Results ABCA1(0.79?0.04)and RXR?(0.73?0.04)gene expression were significantly elevated in carotid atherosclerotic plaques(P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the phenotypes and functions of cord blood dendritic cells of fetuses whose mothers are patients with chronic hepatitis B.

METHODSPeripheral blood and cord blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from whole blood by density gradient centrifugation with Ficoll-Hypaque. The adherent cells were cultured in AIM-V medium containing recombinant human IL-4, TNF-alpha and GM-CSF. On day 9, mature DCs (mDC) were harvested and used for phenotype analysis. The amounts of IL-12 which dendritic cells produced were measured. The dendritic cells that were studied and compared were from cord blood of fetuses of both CHB positive and negative mothers and from CHC adult peripheral blood.

RESULTSThe expression rate of CD80 and CD83 of chronic hepatitis B mother cord blood dendritic cells was low compared with that of the healthy cord blood, healthy adult peripheral blood, and chronic hepatitis B adult peripheral blood, P < 0.05. The amount of IL-12 produced by chronic hepatitis B mother cord blood dendritic cells was lower than that of healthy cord blood, healthy adult peripheral blood, chronic hepatitis B adult peripheral blood (P < 0.05). The T lymphocyte proliferation inducing ability of dendritic cells of healthy adult peripheral blood was higher in inducing cord blood T lymphocytes proliferation, which was greater than that of the healthy adult peripheral blood in inducing adult T lymphocytes and was greater than that of the healthy cord blood dendritic cells in inducing cord blood T lymphocytes, which was greater than that of the healthy cord blood in inducing adult T lymphocytes, which was greater than that of chronic hepatitis B mothers in inducing cord blood T lymphocytes, which was greater than that of chronic hepatitis B mother cord blood in inducing adult T lymphocytes.

CONCLUSIONThe maturation and functioning of CHB mother cord blood dendritic cells were lower than those of healthy cord blood, healthy adult peripheral blood and CHB adult peripheral blood.

Adult ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; immunology ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology

Objective To explore the potential neurotrophic effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the proliferation and differentiation of ventral mesencephalic precursors (VMPs).Methods VMPs from E 11 inbred rat embryos and BMSCs from adult rats were cultured in 2 separate groups.Moreover,a co-cultured group was also established.Afterwards,the 3 different differentiation mediums obtained from these 3 defined groups were used to influence the differentiation procedures of normal VMPs that had amplification in vitro for 7 d.The growth of cells was observed;immunocytochemical staining was performed on these cells at the late differentiation phase.Relative yields of TH+ cells were calculated and compared.Results Seven d after the inducing differentiation,the total cell numbers multiplied about 44.13±4.75,60.63±5.25 and 64.00±7.63 folds in the VMP control group,the BMSCs group and the VMP+BMSCs co-cultured group,respectively,as compared with those before the differentiation.Correspondingly, the ratios of TH+ cells in the total cell population were (18.76±5.20)%, (23.49±4.10)% and (28.08±5.42)% in the VMP control group,the BMSCs group and the VMP+BMSCs co-cultured group,respectively; significant differences betwwen each 2 groups were found (P<0.05).Conclusion BMSCs can secret nutritional factors to promote the proliferation and committed differentiation of VMPs into dopaminergic neurons.

From December 2022 to January 2023, 4 lung transplant recipients (3 males and 1 female, aged 52-60 years, all received transplantation less than 1 year) were hospitalized in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University due to COVID-19 after surgery. The clinical manifestations were mostly characterized by elevated body temperature accompanied by shortness of breath, and indicators such as heart rate, oxygen saturation, and oxygenation index could reflect the severity of the condition. The therapy was timely adjusted to immunosuppressive drugs, upgraded oxygen therapy, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal therapy, prone ventilation, general treatment, and anticoagulant therapy, depending on the situation. Finally, 3 patients were cured and discharged from hospital, and 1 died.

Objective To assess efficacy and safety of oral brivudine 125 mg once daily versus 4 times daily in the treatment of herpes zoster.Methods A five-centre,randomized,double-blind,parallel- controlled study was performed on 226 patients with herpes zoster.Oral brivudine 125 mg was given once daily to 112 patients,and four times daily to 114 patients,both for 7 days.All patients were followed up for 3 weeks after the end of treatment.Results The time to the last formation of new vesicles was 3.88 days for the once daily group,and 3.79 days for the 4 times daily group,without significant differences between the two groups.There was also no significant difference between the two groups with respect to the time to total resolution of vesicles,time to first crusts,time to full crusting,time to first loss of crusts,time to full loss of crusts,time to first relief of pain,and time to complete relief of pain.Postherpetic neuralgia occurred in 34.5% of patients in the once daily group,and 30.4% of patients in the 4 times daily group.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 5.4% and 9.6%,in the once daily group and 4 times daily group, respectively.Conclusions Brivudine 125 mg once daily is equally effective,more convenient and safe in comparison with brivudine 125 mg 4 times daily for the treatment of herpes zoster.