A colistin producing strain Paenibacillus polymyxa AS1.541 was treated by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(NTG) for increasing yields of the antibiotic colistin.High-yield strains were obtained by selection of deregulated mutant which grow on media containing colistin,a self second metabolite,and ethionine,an analogue of methionine.Some of these mutants have higher yield of colistin than that of the parent strain.

Objective To investigate the expression of transforming growth factor β1,transforming growth factor beta receptor(TBR)Ⅰ,TβR Ⅱ,Smad4 and C-Jun in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and to find out the mechanisms of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.Methods A total of 18 male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group(n=9)and model group(n=9).The rats in control group were fed with normal diet,and those in model group were fed with fat-rich diet(consisted of 10%lard oil+2%cholesterol).An rats were sacrificed at the 20th week.The levels of TGFβ1,TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ mRNA were examined by RT-PCR.The expressions of TGFβ1 and Smad4 in liver tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of C-Jun protein was detected by Western blotting.Results The NAFLD model was successfully established.The immunohistochemistry examination revealed that TGFβ1 and Smad4 were expressed weekly in control group,but strongly expressed in model group.RT-PCR showed that A values of TGFβ1,TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ mRNA were 0.46±0.12,5.z4±2.70 and 3.35±1.95,respectively,in model group,which were higher than those in control group(0.21±0.09,1.36±0.77 and 0.52±0.19,all P values＜0.01).The Western blotting results demonstrated that the expression of C-Jun protein in model group(0.93±0.41)was higher than that in control group (0.32±0.25,P=0.001).Conclusion TGFβ1/Smad4 signal pathway might be involved in the development of hepatic fibrosis in NAFLD.Blocking TGFβ1/Smad4 signal pathway will be helpful in treatment of NAFLD.

OBJECTIVETo investigate telomerase activity in rabbit bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) during their committed differentiation in vitro along neural pathway and the effect of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on the expression of telomerase.

METHODSBMSCs were acquired from rabbit marrow and divided into control group, GDNF (10 ng/ml) group. Cytokine.NSCs medium (prepared by our lab, Patent No. ZL02134314. 4) supplemented with 10 percent fetal bovine serum (FBS) was used to induce BMSCs differentiation along neural pathway. Fluorescent immunocytochemistry was employed to identify the expressions of Nestin, neuron-specific endase (NSE), and gial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The growth curves of the cells and the status of cell cycles were analyzed, respectively. During the differentiation, telomerase activities were detected using the telomeric repeat amplification protocol-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TRAP-ELISA).

RESULTSBMSCs were successfully induced to differentiate along neural pathway and expressed specific markers of fetal neural epithelium, mature neuron and glial cells. Telomerase activities were undetectable in BMSCs during differentiation along neural pathway. Similar changes of cell growth curves, cell cycle status and telomerase expression were observed in the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSRabbit BMSCs do not display telomerase activity during differentiation along neural pathway. GDNF shows little impact on proliferation and telomerase activity of BMSCs.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; enzymology ; Cell Differentiation ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rabbits ; Stromal Cells ; enzymology ; Telomerase ; metabolism

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of DMSO on platelets during pre-treatment for lyophilization, including centrifugation, washing and loading trehalose. After pre-treatment for lyophilization, the expression of platelet membrane surface glycoprotein (GP) including CD62p and PAC-1 was analyzed by FCM before and after induction with thrombin, the mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet maximal aggregation with several platelet inducers were investigated. The results showed that the expression rates of CD62p and PAC-1, as the platelet activation signs, increased and were 30.37% and 15.01% respectively in group without DMSO after pre-treatment. And their differences in comparison with control were statistically significant, but that of CD62p was 10.72% and PAC was 10.11% in group with DMSO, in comparison with group without DMSO respectively, their differences were statistically significant after diluting with DMSO, CD62p was re-expressed to 54.39% in group with DMSO and more than that in group without DMSO and lower than control statistically significant. PAC-1 was re-expressed to 49.28% in group with DMSO and more than that in group without DMSO (p<0.01) and reached to control. Platelet maximal aggregations induced by thrombin, restocetin and propyl gallate were 92.76%, 91.24% and 89.66 respectively in group with DMSO. These were closed to that in control group and in group without DMSO. But the aggregation induced by ADP was 34.33%, it was less than control (p<0.01) and more than that in group without DMSO (p<0.01). It is concluded that DMSO can inhibit the expression of CD62p and PAC-1 on platelet in vitro. But when diluted with plasma, platelets can express CD62p and PAC-1 induced by thrombin and be led to aggregate by several inducers, so the inhibitory effects of DMSO on platelet activation are reversible. DMSO play roles in inhibitor damage from platelet activation and cryoprotectant. This property of DMSO is very important in research of platelets lyophilization.
Blood Platelets ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Blood Preservation ; methods ; Cell Survival ; Cryopreservation ; methods ; Cryoprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; pharmacology ; Freeze Drying ; Humans ; Platelet Activation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Trehalose ; blood ; pharmacology

Animals ; Liver Cirrhosis ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Thiazolidinediones ; therapeutic use ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo screen the optimum formulation and prepare O/W sinomenine microemulsion and investigate its in vitro transdermal delivery ability.

METHODThe microemulsions were prepared with the formulation containing oleic acid-tween 80-dehydrated alcohol-water by the pseudo-ternary phase diagram. The permeation flux of sinomenine was determined in vitro by Franz diffusion cell fitted with rat skin. The sinomenine was determined by HPLC. The transdermal characteristics of sinomenine microemulsion were compared with that of sinomenine gels.

RESULTThe steady state flux of sinomenine microemulsion was significantly higher than that of sinomenine gels. The average permeation rate of sinomenine microemulsion was 116. 44 microg x cm(-2) x h(-1) in vitro.

CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that the studied microemulsion system with high permeation rate may be a potential vehicle for the transdermal delivery of sinomenine.

Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Emulsions ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Male ; Morphinans ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Oleic Acid ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysorbates ; chemistry ; Rats ; Sinomenium ; chemistry ; Skin ; metabolism ; Skin Absorption ; Surface-Active Agents ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo provide new germplasm materials for breeding new varieties of Pseudostellaria heterophylla.

METHODThe method of single plant selection was adopted, with the comparative experiments being carried out under the same conditions in Shibing county. The 8 plants of Shibing SB-4 were compared respectively with factor analysis for 27 phenotypic traits and 8 yield traits, and single factor variance analysis for the contents of polysaccharides.

RESULTUsing factor analysis, 27 phenotypic traits were classified into 7 principal divisors and 8 yield traits were simplified into 3 principal divisors. The 4 strains of P. heterophylla, ZT-01, ZT-02, ZT-06 and ZT-07, performed better than others in the phenotypic traits, and ZT-01, ZT-02, ZT-03 and ZT-07 in the yield traits. The contents of polysaccharides of ZT-01, ZT-02, ZT-05 and ZT-08 showed significantly higher value.

CONCLUSIONThere is significant difference among the 8 strains of P. heterophylla in phenotypic traits, yield traits and quality traits, making it possible to select certain strains for different purposes. ZT-01 and ZT-02 can be breaded further. ZT-06 and ZT-07 were used as ornamental cultivars for its great phenotypic traits. ZT-03 with good resistance and high yield was taken as resistant variety, and ZT-05 would face next selection on the basis of its high content of polysaccharide.

Breeding ; Caryophyllaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; China ; Phenotype ; Polysaccharides ; analysis

Objective Serum total prostatic specific antigen (tPSA), free prostatic specific antigen (fPSA), fPSA/tPSA ratio, and prostate cancer-specific antigen density (PSAD) were determined to explore the best identification point, thus improving the specificity of early screening of prostate cancer. Methods The tPSA, fPSA, fPSA/tPSA, and PSAD of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia group (n=250) and prostate cancer group (n=92) were tested, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to determine the best cutoff value for the evaluation. Results When the cutoff values of tPSA, fPSA/tPSA, and PSAD were at 11.3 mg/L, 0.16, and 0.18 mg/(L·cm³), respectively, the specificity and sensitivity were the best:82.4% and 84.2% for tPSA, 76.9% and 81.7% for fPSA/tPSA, and 83.1% and 80.4% for PSAD.When the best cutoff values of tPSA, fPSA/tPSA, and PSAD were combined in analysis, the specificity and sensitivity of fPSA/tPSA and PSAD combination showed the best result (92.4% and 81.4%, respectively).When the tPSA value was in the range of 4-10 mg/L, the optimal cutoff values of PSAD and fPSA/tPSA were 0.21 mg/(L·cm³) and 0.15, and the specificity and sensitivity reach the best, which were 84.1% and 80.1%, 81.0 % and 80.3%, respectively. Conclusion Combination of tPSA, fPSA/tPSA and PSAD analysis is better than any single of them in early screening of prostate cancer.The specificity and sensitivity of combined use of fPSA/tPSA and PSAD could serve as an optimal screening reference value.

OBJECTIVETo identify the type of the intermediate filament (IF) protein of Angiostrongylus cantonensis and analyze its tissue localization.

METHODSRecombinant pET-IF of antigen IF was expressed in E.coli with IPTG induction, and the expression products were purified by His.Bind column and identified for determining the type of the IF protein by Western blotting. Anti-IF antibody was prepared by multi-spot subcutaneous injection into mouse and used to detect the tissue slices of A. cantonensis by immunohistochemical analysis.

RESULTSThe antigen IF were correctly expressed and purified, and identified as a keratin located in the intestine wall and cytoplusma.

CONCLUSIONThe antigen IF is distributed in the intestine wall of A. cantonensis.

Angiostrongylus cantonensis ; cytology ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Intermediate Filament Proteins ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Protein Transport

There are two types of decoction of Smilax glabra due to its reddish brown or off-white colored cross section. These two kinds of decoction were found that they have large difference in anti-inflammatory effects and chemical constituents in the preliminary experiments. Comparing and analyzing the content of total tannin in these two kinds of decoction of S. glabra from 28 areas by UV-Vis spectrophotometry were first used to provide some experimental and theoretical development and utilization of this medicinal resource and quality control. Also, the sample recovery test required in Chinese Pharmacopoeia was improved by adding tannic acid instead of gallic acid to samples.
Geography ; Pigmentation ; Reproducibility of Results ; Smilax ; chemistry ; Tannins ; analysis ; isolation & purification