Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in Liuzhou City, and to provide reference for formulating the prevention and control measures of foodborne diseases. Methods The surveillance data of foodborne diseases in 25 sentinel hospitals in Liuzhou City from 2018 to 2020 were collected for statistical analysis. Results From 2018 to 2020, a total of 9 317 cases of foodborne diseases were reported in Liuzhou City, and 2 158 samples were collected for pathogen detection. A total of 311 cases were detected positive , with a detection rate of 14.41%. Norovirus had the highest detection rate (8.63%), followed by Salmonella (4.08%) and Escherichia coli (3.10%). July to October was a period of high incidence of foodborne disease（ 41.17%）. The proportion of patients aged 60 and over was the highest (18.49%), followed by the age group of 30-39 (18.03%). Suspicious foods were mainly meat and meat products (22.35%) and aquatic animals and their products (13.89%). The suspicious eating places were mainly families (40.43%) and restaurants (13.63%). Conclusion The high incidence of foodborne diseases in Liuzhou occurs in summer and autumn. The main pathogens are Salmonella and norovirus. Infected patients are concentrated in the age group of 60 years and above and the age group of 30 to 39 years old. The family is the main place of foodborne disease, followed by the restaurants and hotels. Suspicious foods include mainly meat and meat products and aquatic animals and their products. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring ability and food safety education to reduce the occurrence of foodborne diseases.

OBJECTIVETo study the protective effect of memantine on the regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in dichlorvos-poisoned rat brain, and to understand the mechanism of its role in organophosphate poisoning.

METHODSSD rats were administrated dichlorvos (25 mg/kg, ip) then three groups were treated with memantine at doses of 5, 15 and 45 mg/kg respectively. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and binding capacity of NMDA receptor with [(3)H]MK-801 were determined 16 h after dichlorvos injection.

RESULTSThe time of onset of toxic symptoms in 15, 45 mg memantine treated groups [(18.40 +/- 1.14) and (21.40 +/- 1.52) min respectively] was higher than that in dichlorvos alone group [(16.75 +/- 1.62) min]; the intensity of muscle fasciculation (1.60 +/- 1.14 and 0.80 +/- 0.84, respectively) was less than that in control group (2.85 +/- 0.37); the total score of poisoning symptoms (8.80 +/- 1.79 and 9.00 +/- 2.24 respectively) was also less than that in dichlorvos group (14.60 +/- 1.70). The AChE activities both in blood and brain of memantine treated groups were not significantly different from those in dichlorvos alone group. The affinity (Kd value) and density (Bmax value) of brain NMDA receptor in dichlorvos exposed rats [(75.55 +/- 7.87) nmol/L, (0.46 +/- 0.06) pmol/mg pro respectively] were higher and lower respectively than those in control group [(37.37 +/- 4.17) nmol/L, (0.62 +/- 0.04) pmol/mg pro respectively]. Lower level of memantine (5 and 25 mg/kg) could antagonize the dichlorvos-evoked down-regulation of [(3)H]MK-801 binding to NMDA receptor in rat brain [Bmax value: (0.55 +/- 0.07) and (0.64 +/- 0.07) pmol/mg pro; Kd value: (38.68 +/- 4.54) and (32.58 +/- 3.90) nmol/L respectively] while higher dose of memantine (45 mg/kg), the Bmax (0.45 +/- 0.06) pmol/mg pro and Kd (22.88 +/- 4.42) nmol/L of NMDA receptor were significantly decreased (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONMemantine in certain dose range could protect against the down-regulation of NMDA receptor in rat brain, and alleviate organophosphorus poisoning symptoms to some extent. The recovery of AChE activity inhibition wasn't involved in the treatment with memantine on dichlorvos poisoning, therefore, atropine and a proper AChE reactivator (an oxime) should be used clinically.

Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Dichlorvos ; toxicity ; Dopamine Agents ; pharmacology ; Insecticides ; toxicity ; Male ; Memantine ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; metabolism

Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fibroma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective To explore the relationship between social participation and needs for rehabilitation of the disabled in Guangdong Province and to make a proposal for developing the rehabilitation strategies. Meth-ods The data of the Second National Sample Survey of Disabled Persons in Guangdong Province was used in this study. Ranked data analysis was made with the sub-items of the social participation assessment and the main needs of the disabled individuals. Results Significantly statistical differences were revealed with regard to the constitu-ent ratio of needs for rehabilitation services among people with different degrees of difficulties in social participation caused by hearing and visual impairments as well as physical and mental disabilities. No significant difference was found in terms of the constituent ratio of rehabilitation needs among those with difficulties in speech and those with psychiatric diseases. The major rehabilitation needs focused on medical service, assistive apparatus support and functional trainings. Conclusions The rehabilitation needs were different among different categories of disabled persons. Rehabilitation services should be provided accordingly.

Objective To discuss the effect of the calcaneocuboid joint arthrodesis on the weight- bearing area of subtalar joint and its clinical significance.Methods Twelve fresh-frozen cadaver foot specimens were used for determination of weight-bearing area of the subtalar joint on foot and ankle neutral position,dorsiflexion,plantoflexion,adduction,abduction,inversion and eversion motion by means of pressure sensitive film before and after calcaneocuboid joint arthrodesis under weight loading.Results Weight-bearing area of the subtalar joint averagely increased for (32.54?7.45)% in all positions after calcaneocuboid joint arthrodesis,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).Conclusion Weight-bear- ing area of the subtalar joint increases after calcaneocuboid joint arthrodesis,which contributes to decrea- sing the pressure and increasing the stability of the subtalar joint.

Seven compounds were isolated from Onychium japonicum by macroporous resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by NMR, MS and other spectroscopic methods as onychone A (1), quercetin (2), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (3), kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (5), (-)-prunin (6), and norathyriol (7). Compound 1 is a novel macrocyclic flavonoid, and all the others are reported from this plant for the first time. In vitro cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-7 were evaluated by MTS testing with five cancer cell lines. Compound 7 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines A549, SMMC-7721, and SW480.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of immune-enhanced enteral nutrition (IEN) together with recombined human growth hormone (rhGH) on patients after total gastrectomy.

METHODSForty-eight patients after total gastrectomy were randomly divided into EN group (n=16), IEN group (n=16) and IEN+ rhGH(n=16) group. Nitrogen balance, nutritional status, immune function and lassitude degree were compared among 3 groups.

RESULTSIEN+rhGH group had better efficacy as compared to EN and IEN group in improving postoperative nutritional status, immune function, nitrogen balance and lassitude degree, and recovered to normal level after 7 days. All the indexes of IEN+rhGH group except CD8 were improved significantly on the 10th day after operation as compared to those of EN group[total protein(66.8 +/- 2.0)g/L vs (65.8 +/- 0.9)g/L, CD3(66.1 +/- 6.3)% vs (60.5 +/- 5.6)%, Christensen score (4.6 +/- 0.9) vs (6.3 +/- 0.9), all P<0.05].

CONCLUSIONEarly application of IEN combined with rhGH plays an effective role in improving protein metabolism and immune function for patients after total gastrectomy in short period.

Aged ; Enteral Nutrition ; methods ; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Human Growth Hormone ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Recombinant Proteins ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Stomach Neoplasms ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the therapeutic effect of agonistic CD40 monoclonal antibody combined with tumor specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) on B lymphoma.

METHODSHuman B lymphoma cell line, Daudi cells, were cultured with CD40 mAb (5C11) for 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Annexin V/PI-binding assay was employed to analyze apoptosis, and FCM to analyze Fas (CD95) expression. Human peripheral monocyte-derived DC were loaded with apoptotic Daudi cells and stimulated by SC11 for further maturation. Tumor specific CTL were generated in vitro by co-culture of mature DC with autologous T lymphocytes. DNA fragmentations of Daudi cells treated with 5C11, CTL or 5C11 combined with CTL were determined by JAM assay. To establish the B lymphoma model, Daudi cells were subcutaneously injected into humanized SCID mice (hu-SCID). 1 or 3 weeks after tumor transfer. tumor-bearing mice were respectively treated with SC11, CTL, 5C11 combined with CTL by intraperitoneal injection. Tumor volume in differently treated mice was measured every week after therapy, and the survival of tumor-bearing mice was recorded.

RESULTS5C11 significantly up-regulated FAS expression in Daudi cells, but had no significant effect on apoptosis rate of Daudi cells. Tumor-specific CTL could effectively kill Daudi cells. Fragmentation of Daudi cells co-cultured with CTL was remarkably enhanced by combination with SC11. Tumor growth in hu-SCID mice was apparently delayed by treatment with SC11, CTL, or SC11 combined with CTL. Moreover, minimal tumor burden mice got 30.0% or 70.0% complete remission (CR), respectively, when received CTL treatment or combination treatment of SC11 with CTL, and the lifespan of tumor bearing mice was also prolonged significantly.

CONCLUSIONSC11 may enhance the sensitivity of Daudi cells to apoptosis by up-regulation of Fas expression and promote cytotoxicity of CTL in vitro and therapeutic effect in vivo.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; immunology ; CD40 Antigens ; immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Coculture Techniques ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; methods ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; immunology ; pathology ; therapy ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Remission Induction ; Survival Analysis ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; cytology ; immunology ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; fas Receptor ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and security of anti-platelet and anticoagulant therapy on prevention of ischemic stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NAF).

METHODSWe searched PubMed, EMbase, CENTREN and its affiliated clinical trial registration data center, CBMdisc, VIP, and CNKI databases from establishment to Dec 2009 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) covering the use of anti-platelet agents and anticoagulants for patients with NAF. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.0 software after the strict evaluation of the methodological quality of the included RCTs.

RESULTSFourteen RCTs involving 15 880 patients were include. Compared with placebo or no use of anti-platelet drugs, antiplatelet therapy didn't reduce ischemic stroke (RR = 0.83, 95%CI 0.68 to 1.00, P = 0.05), systemic emboli (RR = 0.71, 95%CI 0.34 to 1.51, P = 0.38) and all-cause mortality (RR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.73 to 1.07, P = 0.21) while significantly increased the major bleeding (RR = 2.88, 95%CI 1.21 to 6.86, P = 0.02) in patients with NAF, intracranial hemorrhage was not affected by antiplatelet therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (RR = 3.25, 95%CI 0.84 to 12.62, P = 0.09). Compared with anti-platelet therapy, anticoagulant therapy significantly reduced the incidence of ischemic stroke (RR = 1.84, 95%CI 1.48 to 2.28, P < 0.01) and systemic emboli (RR = 1.94, 95%CI 1.24 to 3.03, P = 0.004) but significantly increased the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage (RR = 0.49, 95%CI 0.31 to 0.78, P = 0.003), did not affect all-cause mortality (RR = 1.06, 95%CI 0.90 to 1.23, P = 0.50) and the incidence of major bleeding (RR = 0.95, 95%CI 0.76 to 1.19, P = 0.66) in NAF patients.

CONCLUSIONSCompared with the placebo and no use of anti-platelet drugs, anti-platelet therapy didn't reduce ischemic stroke and systemic emboli but increased the risk of major bleeding in NAF patients. Compared with anti-platelet therapy, anticoagulant therapy significantly reduced the ischemic stroke and systemic emboli without increasing the risk of major bleeding, but significantly increased the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in NAF patients. Since the study included RCTs with limited and less uniform outcome endpoints, the conclusions should be verified with RCTs with more uniform endpoints and longer follow-up time.

Anticoagulants ; therapeutic use ; Atrial Fibrillation ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Stroke ; etiology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVESTo summarize hemodynamic and metabolic changes during bypass, and to evaluate the bypass in liver transplantation.

METHODSFifty-four patients underwent orthotopic liver transplantation with venovenous bypass from May 2000 to May 2002. Their clinical features were analysed.

RESULTSSHR, MAP, CVP, CO, PaO(2), PaCO(2), serum K(+), Na(+), Ca(2+), BUN values were not significantly changed during bypass. Compared to the pre-bypass stage, pH was decreased in the post-bypass stage (P < 0.05), serum lactic acid value was increased in the bypass and post-bypass stage (P < 0.05), active clotting time was increased in the bypass stage (P < 0.05), serum creatinine value was increased on first postoperative day (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSVenovenous bypass could improve hemodynamic and metabolic stability in the anhepatic phase, but it also could increase operation duration, liver ischemic time and cost.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Liver Transplantation ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Portal Vein ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology