BACKGROUND: A mass of unknown remains are founded in sodium hyaluronate product when it was tested for quality control. OBJECTIVE: To qualify and quantify unknown residual solvents of sodium hyaluronate product and determine hazardsaccording to standard toxicological data. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A quality and quantity study with combined gas chromatography mass spectrometry was performed at National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products from May to June 2007.MATERIALS: Experimental samples were spot-checked, and purified water was also used.METHODS: The samples were qualified and quantified using combined gas chromatography mass spectrometry.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Methanol, xylene and ethyl benzene were qualified and quantified.RESULTS: Combined gas chromatography mass spectrometry demonstrated that residual solvents in the sodium hyaluronateproducts were methanol, xylene, and ethyl benzene. The quantization of methanol was 414.365 μg/mL, the quantization of o-xylene was 0.19 μg/mL, and the quantization of ethyl benzene was 0.22 μg/mL. CONCLUSION: Methanol, xylene, and ethyl benzene were firstly identified as residual solvents in sodium hyaluronate products. Besides, we discussed methods of qualifying and quantifying these three residual solvents.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of intermedin pretreatment on repair and regeneration process of renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury.Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group,IR group,empty plasmid group and IMD group.One week after removing the right kidney,eukaryotic expression vector encoding rat IMD gene was transfected into the left kidney using an ultrasound-microbubble-mediated system,and transfection effect was detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR.After successful transfection,renal IR injury model was induced by clamping left renal arteries for 45 minutes followed by reperfusion.BUN and Scr were tested.Renal pathology was observed by PAS and HE staining.The proliferation of tubular epithelial cells was detected by SABC immunohistochemical method.Results (1)The expression of IMD protein and mRNA in IMD group was significantly up-regulated compared to empty plasmid group(P＜0.05),reaching the peak at day 7,and the difference was not significant with that at day 4.(2)Compared with sham group,BUN and Scr were obviously increased at day 1and 2 in IR group(P＜0.05).However,compared with IR group,BUN and Scr in IMD group decreased obviously(P＜0.05).Differences between IR group and empty plasmid group were not significant(P＞0.05).(3)Kidney tubules in IR group,IMD group and empty plasmid group were injuryed,but the injury in IMD group was less serious compared with that in IR group and empty plasmid group.The injury in three groups was the most severe at day 2 after reperfusion.(4)The number of PCNA positive cells evidently increased at day 7 in IR group and empty plasmid group,but the number of PCNA positive cell evidently increased at day 3 in IMD group.Compared with IR group 1 to 4 days after perfusion,PCNA positive cells in IMD group increased obviously (P＜0.05).Compared with IR group day 7,PCNA expression in IMD group 7 d was obviously decreased(P＜ 0.05).Conclusion IMD pretreatment can induce tubular epithelial cells proliferative and accelerate the repair and regeneration progress in IR injury kidneys.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of fenestration in the treatment of dentigerous cyst in mixed dentition stage. Methods From 2004 to 2007, 8 cases of dentigerous cyst in mixed dentition stage were treated, among whom 3 were boys and 5 were girls with ages between 7 and 12 years old. The dentigerous cysts of 2 cases were in superior maxillary bone and the other 6 cases were in inferior maxillary bone. Each of 5 cases had one tooth in dentigerous cyst cavity, and each of the other 3 had 3 teeth in dentigerous cyst cavity. All patients received fenestration under local anesthesia. The patients were followed up for 18 months after fenestration, and the soft tissue healing, facial malformation, permanent teeth eruption and bone tissue healing were observed. Results It was found during follow up that cyst cavity disappeared in all the patients and all had normal facial morphology with no maxillary bone malformation. In five cases, permanent teeth erupted totally and dental occlusion kept normal. In one case, 2/3 of permanent teeth erupted and dental occlusion kept almost normal. While in the other two cases, permanent teeth were to erupt. It was revealed by X ray examinations that the shadow of maxillary bone density decrease disappeared in all the patients. Conclusion Fenestration can keep the teeth and bone in the treatment of dentigerous cyst in the mixed dentition stage.

In this study, the effects of blood glucose and blood pressure on the compliance of large and small arteries were investigated. The results showed that arterial compliances of both large and small arteries were decreased in patients with diabetes mellitus. In non-diabetic patients with well controlled blood pressure, the compliance of small arteries was markedly improved. These results suggested that both blood glucose and blood pressure affected arterial compliance.

Objective To investigate the effects of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)gene in the apoptosis of human trophoblastic cells.Methods The siRNA specific-targeting SHBG gene was transfected into human trophoblastic cells and they were divided into six groups:trophoblasts without transfection in normal control groups(group Ⅰ);transfect liposome in blank control groups(group Ⅱ);transfect nonspecific siRNA in negative control groups(group Ⅲ);transfect SHBG siRNA-Ⅰ,SHBG siRNA-Ⅱ,SHBG siRNA-Ⅲ respectively in trans-fection group(group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ).Hoechst 33258 dying method was used to detect cell apoptosis.SHBG and Caspase-3 mRNA profiling and the level of SHBG and caspase-3 protein were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot.Results There was no statistical significant difference in the gene expression and protein level of SHBG and caspase-3 in group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P >0.05).In Ⅳ,Ⅴ and Ⅵ group,there was no statistical significant difference in the expression level of SHBG and caspase 3 (P >0.05).Compared with group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,the a-mount of SHBG gene expression decreased obviously,the caspase-3 mRNA and protein level increased obviously and the trophoblast cell ap-optosis increased markedly (P <0.05).Conclusion Through siRNA interference technology can reduce SHBG gene expression in human trophoblastic cells,and it can lead to excessive apoptosis of human trophoblasts cells.

Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods

Objective To evaluate the surgical techniques and clinical applications of single-port transumlilical laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). Methods From August 2009 to March 2010, 15 patients were treated with single-port transumbilical laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty. There were 12 males and 3 females,aged 12 to 55 years with an average age of 20 years, who were diagnosed by diuretic renography,IVU, and MRU et al. A single umbilical incision of 3. 5cm was made for single-port trocar and a flexible-tip 0°digital video-laparoscope was used in all cases. The procedures were performed according to the methods used in classical laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty with general instruments. ResultsAll operations were performed successfully without conversion to open surgery. The mean operative time was 90 (75-145) min, and the mean hospital stay length was 6 days. No organs injury occurred during operation, and no urine leakage was found afer operation. The symptoms of low back pain disappeared and hydronephrosis reduced apparently or dispeared without any anastomotic stenosis after follow-up of 4-6 months. Conclusions Single-port transumbilical laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty is feasible, effective and safe for the treatment of UPJO.

The effects of RNAi-mediated gene silencing of LRlG1 on proliferation and invasion of the human glioma cell line U251-MG and the possible mechanisms were explored in this study. The plasmids pGenesil2-LRIG1-shRNA1 and pGenesil2-LRIG1-shRNA2 were transfected into U251-MG glioma cells respectively by using Lipofectamine 2000 and the transfected cells in which the LRIG1 expression was stably suppressed were selected by G418. The cells transfected with negative shRNA served as control. The expression levels of LRIG1 mRNA and protein were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that LRIG1 mRNA expression was reduced by 70% and 58% and LRIG1 protein expression by 58% and 26% in U251-MG cells transfected with pGenesil2-LRIG1-shRNAl and pGenesil2-LRIG1-shRNA2 relative to the negative shRNA-transfected U251-MG cells. The proliferative capacity of the LRIG1 specific siRNA-transfected cells was stronger than that of control cells. Cell cycle analysis showed that silencing LRIG1 significantly increased the percentage of S phase cells and the proliferation index (P<0.01). Moreover, silencing LRIG1 could promote the invasion of U251-MG cells (P<0.05). These findings suggested that LRIG1-targeting siRNA can exert a dramatically inhibitory effect on RNA transcription and protein expression of LRIG1, and LRIG1 down-regulation could promote the proliferation of U251-MG cells, arrest U251-MG cells in S phase, and enhance the invasion of U251-MG cells.

The effects of fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5?-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6?-3; DHA) on serum total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were investigated in experimental hypercholesterolemic rats. The fish oil contained about 15% EPA and 43% DHA. Each animal was given 1ml fish oil/day by intragastric feeding for 30 days. The results in twice experiments showed that TC concentration in the serum of rats fed fish oil was markedly decreased as compared to rats fed olive oil, but serum HDL-C elevated. Furthermore, the ratio of HDL-C to TC in the serum was also significantly elevated in rats fed fish oil.

Through an overview of the development of long-term care mode that combined medicine and pen-sion and the existing ethical issues, this paper pointed out that the future long-term care mode should strengthen the enthusiasm of public hospitals to participate in, reduce multiple management by government departments, es-tablish perfect laws and regulations and medical insurance system, enhance the responsibility of the practitioners and the general public, meanwhile, actively practice the principle of humanity and respect, fairness and efficiency, honesty and reliability in ethics, to provide new ideas and directions for the development of this model.