Objective To study the effects of CBL teaching mode on treatment plan making process among orthodontic postgraduates. Methods Totally 42 junior and senior orthodontic post-graduates were randomly divided into 2 groups (21 per group)named as experimental group and test group. Each group was further divided in to 3 teams involved in CBL and traditional teaching. Six cases of the same type malocclusion were selected each time;after 4 teaching cycle,test scores of two groups were analyzed with SPSS 19.0. Results were shown as mean ± standard deviation and t test andχ2 test were applied to evaluate the rationality and accuracy of treatment plan made by students. Survey questionnaire were issued to teachers and students after class and the assessment results of CBL teaching mode were summed up. Results Test scores were (88.61±8.34)in experimental group and (76.13±8.59)in control group with significant differences (t=3.16,P=0.01). Pass rate of two groups were 96.12%and 87.51%with significant differences (χ2=4.76,P=0.02). During the first teaching program, accurate rates of experimental group and control group were respectively 31.00% and 36.70% and ra-tionality were 33.31%and 33.30%. During the second teaching program,accurate rates of experimen-tal group and control group were 68.80%and 45.70%and rationality were 62.72%and 43.37%. During the third teaching program,accurate rates of experimental group and control group were 89.70% and 51.20%,and rationality were 95.00% and 66.70%. During the fourth program,accurate rates of ex-perimental group and control group were respectively 97.80% and 55.30% and rationality were 98.30% and 75.60%. Conclusions CBL teaching mode is helpful to improve the students' ability of analyzing clinical cases and making more accurate and rational treatment plan,however the increasing teaching cost and the course load are also involved.

Objective To investigate the different expressions of adiponectin receptor 2(AdipoR2) mRNA in liver between diet-induced obese rats and controls.Methods The level of AdipoR2 mRNA expression was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by insulin sensitivity index(ISI).Results Diet-induced obese rats showed higher expression of AdipoR2 mRNA compare to controls.The ISI of diet-induced obese rats was lower than that of controls.Conclusion High energy diet induceds AdipoR2 expression in liver.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) on the treatment of children with hematologic malignancies and nonmalignancies, between August 2001 and June 2004, 32 patients were transplanted by using unrelated umbilical cord blood supplied by Shandong Umbilical Cord Blood Bank. Out of them, 13 patients suffered from ALL, 9 from AML, 3 from AA, 3 from HAL, 2 from CML and 2 from NHL. The median age was 8 years (range 2-15), the median weight was 31.5 kg (range 14-55). All patients received ablative conditioning regiment according to the disease and the disease status. Conditioning regiments Cy/TBI were used for 4 patients and Bu/Cy for 21 patients, other for 7 patients. All patients received cyclosporin A and/or methotrexate for GVHD prophylaxis. The mean number of infused nuclear cells were 5.57 (2.16-12.3) x 10(7)/kg, CD34+ cells 1.78 (0.85-5.59) x 10(5). All of UCB units were tested for HLA-A, -B, and DRB1 using low and high resolution techniques. There were HLA-matched in 10, 5/6 in 16 and 4/6 in 6. The results showed that 20 out of 32 patients achieved complete engraftment. Median time of neutrophil > or = 0.5 x 10(9)/L, and platelet > or = 20 x 10(9)/L were 17 (9-38) and 42 (18-102) days respectively. The incidence of aGVHD II-IV and aGVHD III-IV were 35% and 15% respectively. After a median follow-up of 18 months (1.5-28.5), overall survival rate at one year was 59.4%, overall survival rate at two years was 40.6%. It is suggested that UCBT is promising for children patients who is lack of matched bone marrow donors.
Adolescent ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Cyclosporine ; administration & dosage ; Graft vs Host Disease ; prevention & control ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; mortality ; therapy ; Humans ; Methotrexate ; administration & dosage ; Survival Rate ; Transplantation Conditioning

In the current study, nine flavonoids were isolated and purified from 75% ethanol extract of Selaginella uncinata (Desv.) Spring by column chromatographic techniques over macroporous resin, polyamide, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and pre-HPLC. On the basis of their physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data analyses, these compounds were elucidated as cirsimarin (1), nepitrin (2), apigenin-6-C-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), apigenin-6-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-8-C-α-L-arabinopyranoside (4), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), 2,3-dihydroamentoflavone (6), 4'-O-methylamentoflavone (7), 2,3-dihydro-4'-O-methyl-amentoflavone (8), and 2,3,2",3"-tetrahydron-4'-O-methyl-robustaflavone (9). Compounds 1-5 belong to flavonoid glycosides and were isolated from the genus Selaginella for the first time.
Flavonoids ; analysis ; Selaginellaceae ; chemistry

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of embolization therapy using N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate(NBCA)for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)complicated with arterio-portal fistula(APF).Methods Eighty patients with HCC and APF underwent embolothempy with NBCA(NBCA group,26 patients)or absolute alcohol(alcohol group,54 patients).The APF wag first treated with liquid embolic agent during the TACE procedure.We used NBCA-Lipiodol mixtures in concentration of 20%-50% according to tlle different circulation times of these APF in NBCA group,Absolute alcohol plus gelfoam or other materisis were used for embolization of APF in alcohol group.The pain reaction during the procedure,influence for liver function(X2 test).occlusive suceessfxil rate after single embolization(Fisher's exact test)and the survival rate of 1 year(log-rank analysis)between two groups were compared after the embolotherapy.Results Four patients in NBCA group and 52 patients in alcohol group felt painful during the pmcedures.There wag statistically significant difference between two groups(x2=58.86,P＜0.001).The APF disappeared after only sin~e embolization in 24(92.3%,24/26)cages of NBCA group and in 37(68.5%,37/54)patients of alcohol group.There wag also significant difference between two groups (P=0.024).There were no statistical ditierence in the post.embolization liver function change and 1 year survival rate between two groups.Conclusions The embolization therapy using NBCA for HCC complicated with APF is safe.effective and more accurate.It can be used as a new technique for these patients.

The present work is to investigate the chemical constitutions of Hyptis rhomboidea and their antifungal activities. The compounds were isolated by Toyopearl HW-40, Sephadex LH-20, MCI-Gel CHP-20, RP-18, PTLC and silica column chromatographic methods and subjected to evaluate some monomers antifungal activity of eight kinds of plant pathogenic bacteria. Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as ethyl caffeate (1), ursolic acid (2), oleanolic acid (3), vanillactic acid (4), methyl rosmarinate (5), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 6) -beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), ilexgenin A (8), beta-amyrin (9), kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (astrgalin, 10) and cholest-5-ene-3beta, 4beta-diol (11). Compound 1 showed the strongest inhibitory effect on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with the MIC 16.2 mg x L(-1), and compound 5 showed the strongest inhibitory effect on S. minor and Exserohilum turcicum with MIC 16.2, 8.1 mg x L(-1), respectively. All compounds were isolated from the H. rhomboidea for the first time, and compounds 1 and 5 showed antifungal activity.
Antifungal Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Fungi ; drug effects ; Hyptis ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of warm needling moxibustion plus acupoint sticking therapy for cervical radiculopathy.Methods:A total of 120 cases were allocated into an observation group,a warm needling group and an acupoint sticking group according to the random number table,with 40 cases in each group.Cases in the observation group received warm needling moxibustion plus acupoint sticking therapy;cases in the warm needling group received the same warm needling moxibustion in the observation group;cases in the acupoint sticking group received the same acupoint sticking therapy in the observation group.The scores of Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and visual analog scale (VAS) were recorded before and after treatment.Results:The total effective rate was 95.0％ in the observation group,versus 77.5％ in the warm needling group and 75.0％ in the acupoint sticking group (both P＜0.05).Inter-group differences in JOA and VAS between the observation group and the other two groups were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).Conclusion:Warm needling moxibustion plus acupoint sticking therapy is effective in treating cervical radiculopathy,and it can significantly alleviate pain and enhance clinical efficacy,and thus is worth clinical popularization.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pharmacokinetic and distribution character of scutellarin in plasma and tissues in rats, in order to provide some references for rational drug use in the clinic.

METHODThe solution of scutellarin was administered to rats (80 mg x kg(-1)) by oral gavage. A high performance liquid chromatography method determinated the scutellarin concentration in rat plasma and tissue. The plasma samples were performed by solid phase extraction method. The other biological samples were extracted by ethyl acetate.

RESULTThe range of scutellarin in plasma and tissue in rats were 10-1280 ng x mL(-1) (R2 > 0.99), 40-1280 ng x g(-1) (R2 > 0.99), respectively. The lowest detection of scutellarin were 10 ng x mL(-1) and 40 ng x g(-1), the precision were less than 8%. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of scutellarin were as follows: tmax, Cmax, AUC and MRT being (7.7 +/- 0.9) h, (288.0 +/- 75.2) microg x L(-1), (5.6 +/- 1.6) microg x mL(-1) x h(-1), (17.5 +/- 1.4) h(-1), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThese methods applied the study of pharmacokinetics of scutellarin. After oral the scutellarin in rats, the concentration-time course doesn't obey any compartment model. The concentration-time curve is the double peaks.

Animals ; Apigenin ; blood ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Area Under Curve ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Glucuronates ; blood ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Distribution

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of acute cold exposure on the inflammation and pathologic injuries in pulmonary of rats, and explore the mechanism induced by cold stress.

METHODSForty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups(n = 8): control group (23 ± 2) °C 2.5 h, -25°C 0.5 h group, -25°C 1 h group, -25°C 2 h group and -25°C 2.5 h group. Rats were exposed to cold at -25°C and no wind by keeping them in a low temperature chamber except control group. Rectal temperatures of the rats were measured before and after cold exposure. The morphological changes of pulmonary were observed by the optics microscope. The levels of tumer necrosis factor-α(TNF- α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-β (IL-1β) in lung tissue homogenate were measured by ELISA.

RESULTSCompared to the control group, body core temperatures of the -25°C 1 h group, -25°C2 h group and -25°C 2.5 h group were decreased significantly, and the D-values of rectal temperature were increased before and after cold exposure (P < 0.05). The infiltration of inflammatory cells and alveolar edema fluid appeared in the lung tissue of the -25°C 2.5 h group. The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inter- leukin-1β (IL-1β) in lung tissue homogenate were increased significantly in -25°C l h group, -25°C 2 h group and -25C° 2.5 h group (P < 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe infiltration of inflammatory cells and the increase in proinflammatory cytokine from pulmonary may lead to the lung tissue injury after acute cold exposure.

Animals ; Cold Temperature ; adverse effects ; Inflammation ; physiopathology ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Lung ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the intervention and mechanism of Qushi Huayu Recipe (QHR) on gene expression profiles in high lipid diet induced fatty liver rats.

METHODSFatty liver model was prepared in 20 male SD rats using single high fat diet (88% common forage +2% cholesterol +10% lard). Four weeks after modeling they were divided into the model group and the QHR group according to random digit table, 10 in each group. QHR (at 0. 93 g crude drug/100 g body weight) and distilled water was respectively to rats in the QHR group and the model group by gastrogavage while modeling, once per day. Meanwhile, 10 SD male rats were recruited in a normal group, administered with equal volume of distilled water by gastrogavage. At the end of week 8 all rats were sacrificed, and blood and livers were collected for subsequent analysis. Contents of liver triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) , activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were detected using biochemical assay. Pathological changes of liver tissue were observed using H&E and oil red O stain. Liver gene expressions were detected by Affymetrix gene expression profiles. Differentially expressed genes were compared between the QHR group and the model group, functions of differentially expressed genes and signal pathways involved analyzed. Ten differentially expressed genes involved in glycolipid metabolism with fold change more than 2 were selected for verification by real-time PCR.

RESULTS(1) Compared with the normal group, contents of liver TG and FFA, and serum activities of ALT and AST obviously increased in the model group (P <0. 01). Compared with the model group, contents of liver TG and FFA, and activities of ALT and AST obviously decreased in the QHR group (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). QHR could reduce high fat induced fatty degeneration of liver cells , alleviate inflammation, and improve pathological changes of liver tissue. (2) Compared with the model group, there were 80 differentially expressed genes (with fold change > 2, P < 0.05) with clear functions and appointed gene names, including 44 up-regulated and 36 down-regulated genes. Eighty genes were involved in 27 signal pathways with statistical difference, including glycerolipid metabolism, adipocytokine signaling pathway, insulin signal pathway, drug metabolism signal pathway, etc (P < 0.05). (3) RT-PCR results of 10 glycolipids metabolism regulating genes such as Gk, Scd1, Gpat2, G6pc, Irs1, and so on showed that all RT-PCR genes were completely coincide with up-regulated or down-regulated tendency in results of gene chips. 80% genes had approximate fold change.

CONCLUSIONQHR could regulate gene expressions related to fat metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, anti-lipid peroxidation, and drug metabolism in high fat diet induced fatty liver rats, and its comprehensive pharmacological actions could be manifested.

Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; metabolism ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Diet, High-Fat ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; metabolism ; Fatty Liver ; metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transcriptome ; drug effects ; Triglycerides ; metabolism