Objective　To study the ultrastructure of macular pucker (MP) from the patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and the mechanism associated with its development．　Methods　Twenty specimens of MP surgically removed by vitrectomy from 13 patients were dissected into two layers in each of them．The ultrastructure of two layers,i,e,near the vitreous and near the retina,was studied with electron microscopy．　Results　Seven sections of the near vitreous ones appeared prodominant collagen deposits and a few of epithelial-like cells,and pigment particles might be present in the cytoplasm．While cells with foot processes were found in 13 membrane sections near the retina and increasing number of various types of cells rich in collagen around were observed including fibroblast-like cells and glial cells．　Conclusion　The findings suggest that the MP after surgery of retinal detachment may possess a characteristic lamination,and posterior hyaloid cortex was involved in the developmetn of MP．The adhesion between posterior hyaloid cortex and macular area might be a key factor for forming MP．

Objective:To explore effect of relevant training on understanding of theory of naive biology for plant reproduction in 5- and 6-years old,and to attempt to provide demonstration for a debate of different views between domain universality and domain specificity cognitive development.Methods:48 preschoolers who did not comprehend concept of plant reproduction screened from 64 preschoolers ages 5 to 6 were surveyed by clinical method.Half of the 48 children were assigned to intervention group,the other to control group.The effects of intervention were compared by the experimental before-after design.Results:Relevant biological knowledge might widely accelerate 5- and 6-year-olds' understandings for plant reproduction,and 6-year-olds had more enhancement than 5-year-olds.Pass rates of intervention group were more 29.2% than control group in 5 year olds,and more 54.1% in 6 year olds.Conclusion:Acquiring specific knowledge will generally improve preschoolers' cognition on plant reproduction.Children' cognitive development is influenced jointly by both domain-specific and domain-general thinking.

Objective To determine the level of defensins(HNP_(1-3))and interleukin-8(IL-8)in colon tissue of patients with ulcerative colitis(UC)and to explore the relationship between HNP_(1-3)and IL-8 and the severity of disease.Methods The level of HNP_(1-3)and IL-8 in colon mucosa of UC patients was detected by immunohistochemistry method.Results The levels of HNP_(1-3)and IL-8 in colon mucosa of UC patients were much higher than that of normal controls.The expression of HNP_(1-3)and IL 8 of UC patients was higher in involved mueosa than in corresponding normal mucosa.The expression of HNP_(1-3) and IL-8 was related to the extent of lesion and the degree of disease.The expression of HNP_(1-3)was significantly correlated with that of IL-8(r_s＝0.957,P＜0.01).Conclusions The induction of HNP_(1-3) and IL-8 was involved in process of inflammation and development of UC.Regulating mechanisms of HNP_(1-3)expression might be related with the induction of IL-8.

Objective To investigate the ingestion, metabolism and subcellular localization of indocyanine green (ICG) in human retinal epithelial (RPE) cells. Methods RPE cells were incubated with 0.25 mg/ml ICG under the condition of 37℃ in the camera. The ICG granule and ultrastructure of RPE cells were observed under the electron microscopy after 1-, 4-, and 24-hour incubation, and the ICG autofluorescence was detected by fluorescence microscopy after the incubation for 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours, respectively. The absorbency (A value) of ICG solution was measured at 805 nm with ultraviolet/visible specrtrometer. The standard curve of concentration of ICG was drawn and the related equation of concentration of ICG and the A value was calculated. After being incubated for 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively, the A value of supernatant fluid was calculated according to the equation. After incubated with ICG for 24 hours, one sample was observed under electron microscope and fluorescence microscope per week to evaluate the metabolizable period of ICG. Results ICG granules were distributed evenly after entering the RPE cells. After incubated with 0.25 mg/ml ICG for 24 hours, no significant change of the ultrastructure of the RPE cells was found. ICG granules accumulated in the cells as the time goes by and reached the peak after 24 hours, and then they decreased because of the slowdown of the metabolism. Few ICG was still remained in the cells 1 week later. Conclusions RPE cells may take in ICG actively. ICG metabolizable period in RPE cells is long, which may be one of the mechanisms of the toxicity of ICG to the retina in the vitreous operation.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; complications ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Paraplegia ; etiology ; therapy

Objective To explore the factors for the development of gallstones after gastrectomy. Methods 52 cases of patients with postgastrectumy,were retrospectively analyzed according to their diseases for gastrectomy and operation form. Results Incidence of gallstone in patients of postgastrectomy was higher than in general population. Among which, Billroth Ⅱ type of gastrectomy for carcinoma was the highest (35.5%), then the total gastrectomy (31.5%) and proximate gastrectomy(13.5%). Billroth Ⅰ type operation was 10.3%. Incidence of gallstone in pa-tients of selective vagotomy was lowest (2.5%). Condusion Billroth Ⅱ type of gastrectomy and total gastrectomy were the risk factors of postgastrectomy cholelithiasis. The causes for gallstone formation after Billroth Ⅱ type of gas-trectomy were the restitution of digestive canal and metabolic disorder of bile acid.

The construction of characteristic talent training program is crucial to strengthening the development of independent college.During the construction process,efforts should be made in the following aspects:the training aim being the inheritance of its matrix with the emphasis of application ; the curriculum system emphasizing skill training as well as improvement; the training model design making full use of resources with sufficient practice; the quality improvement highlighting regional characteristics and inheriting culture.Besides,special attention should be paid to understanding the government's relevant policies,to studying relevant theories about higher education and to grasping the generality of the education aimed at undergraduates and individuality of talents in independent college.

AIM:To investigate the effect of calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP)on the expression of cyclic AMP response element binding protein(CREB)and phosphorylated-CREB in rat parietal cortex during focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R).METHODS:Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model was induced by occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery using the intraluminal suture method.The expressions of CREB and phospho-CREB in the parietal cortex in different groups(sham group,focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion group and CGRP group)were detected with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting,and the positive products were analyzed by image analysis system.RESULTS:There was definite expression of CREB in right parietal cortex in sham group,while it was lesser in I/R group than that in sham group,but it became more in CGRP group than that in I/R group(P

0.05). Postoperative cataract incidence was higher in the patients without IOL implantation than that in the patients with IOL implantation. Postoperative cataract appeared 6 months after operation in the patients without IOL implantation, while it appeared 14 months after operation in the patients with IOL implantation. There was no significant difference in the postoperative complications between group A and group B. Conclusions Combined surgery is effective and safe for the selected patients of primary retinal detachment accompanied with cataract.