OBJECTIVETo investigate the practicability of detecting the micrometastases in lymph nodes of no-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by means of the immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.

METHODSThe lymph node samples were taken from the patients with NSCLC during the operations. Firstly, each resulting tissue block was processed for routine paraffin embedding. Then the 6 approximately 10 serial sections were chosen, each 5 microm thick, from every paraffin block of the lymph node. Finally, the first and the second last sections of each lymph node were stained by hematoxylin eosin (HE), and the other serial sections were used for the IHC staining examination with the monoclonal antibody against cytokeratin 19.

RESULTSThe paraffin embedded sections of 195 regional lymph nodes from 25 patients with NSCLC were examined by HE staining. Thirty lymph nodes in 9 patients revealed gross nodal metastases, and none of lymph node in 25 patients showed micrometastatic tumor cells. Frozen tissue sections from 135 regional lymph nodes that were staged as free of metastases by HE staining were screened by IHC staining. Thirty-one lymph nodes in 9 patients showed micrometastatic tumor cells. Five of sixteen patients staged as PN(0) had hilum lymph nodal micrometastases, versus four of nine patients with stage PN(1) had mediastinal lymph nodal micrometastases. There was a significant difference between two groups (chi(2)=52.900, P=0.0193).

CONCLUSIONSConventional HE staining can accurately detect gross nodal metastases in the lymph nodes of patients with NSCLC, but is unfit for detecting lymph nodal micrometastases. IHC staining analysis can significantly facilitate the detection of occult micrometastatic tumor cells in lymph nodes of NSCLC, and its assessment of nodal micrometastases can provide a refinement of TNM stage for partial patients with stage I to II NSCLC.

Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; secondary ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin-19 ; analysis ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymph Nodes ; chemistry ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging

Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Male ; SARS Virus ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; epidemiology ; virology

Reactive oxygen species generated by NADPH oxidase enhance aortic vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration which play an important role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. We investigated the role of NADPH oxidase in the cellular cholesterol metabolism in vascular smooth muscle cells using p47phox-deficient cells. Wild-type and p47phox knockout vascular smooth muscle cells were loaded with cholesterol for 72 h by using 10 mg/L cholesterol:methyl-beta-cyclodextrin complexes and then incubated with or without 0.3 mg/L thrombin for 10 min. Foam cell formation was determined by accumulation of intracellular cholesterol, oil Red O-stained lipid droplets. After cholesterol loading, cellular lipid droplets raised sharply, cellular cholesterol increased from (31.4+/-2.0) to (61.0+/-2.1) mg/g protein (P<0.05) in wild-type cells, and from (29.8+/-2.5) to (51.3+/-3.1) mg/g protein (P<0.05) in p47phox deficient cells, but the difference between the two cell types was not significant. Immunostaining showed decreased levels of smooth muscle alpha-actin and increased levels of macrophage marker Mac-2 in both wild-type and p47phox deficient vascular smooth muscle cells. One of the macrophage-related inflammation genes, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression did not change in both two cell types detected by immunostaining. Although additional incubating with thrombin, another macrophage-related inflammation gene, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression was similar in all groups analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. However, the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1), the key proteins in cellular cholesterol metabolism, were similarly increased (P<0.05) in both two cell types as determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blot, and it was not related to the state of oxidative stress. Interestingly, the expression of adipophilin, the lipid droplet related protein, had the similar results with ABCA1 and ACAT1, but, in wild-type cells, its expression also increased merely incubating with thrombin as determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Together, these results suggest that p47phox-dependent NADPH oxidase is not involved in transdifferentitation of vascular smooth muscle cells into macrophage-like state after cholesterol loading. Deleting p47phox gene does not affect the cellular cholesterol metabolism in vascular smooth muscle cells.
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; metabolism ; Chemokine CCL2 ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Foam Cells ; cytology ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; enzymology ; NADPH Oxidases ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Sterol O-Acyltransferase ; metabolism ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; pharmacology

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEIn China, there has been no established national program for cervical cancer prevention, the screening methods and experiences are especially deficient in the rural areas. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effects of acetic acid/Lugol's iodine (VIA/VILI) used for screening of cervical cancer and pre-cancerous lesions in a rural area of China by analyzing the large-scale population-based screening data from the demonstration site.

METHODSWomen aged 30-59 years from Xiangyuan County in Shanxi Province were recruited for cervical cancer screening from 2005 to 2007. VIA/VILI was the primary screening method followed by colposcopy if the VIA/VILI was positive. Cervical lesions were diagnosed by directed biopsy under the colposcopy. The VIA/VILI negative women or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN1) were re-screened using the same procedure in the next year.

RESULTSIn total, 7145 women received the cervical cancer screening, with a participation rate of 74.75%. Their average age was 42.16 years. A total of 1287 women were consecutively screened for three times from 2005 to 2007. The detection rates of CIN2, CIN3 and cervical cancer were 0.70% (9/1287), 1.01% (13/1287) and 0.23% (3/1287) for the first round screening, and were 0.22% (2/976), 0.11% (1/976) and 0% (0/976) for the second round screening, respectively. Only one CIN2 was found in the third round screening. In the years of 2006-2007, 3490 women were screened consecutively twice. The detection rates of CIN2, CIN3 and cervical cancer were 0.26% (9/3490), 0.52% (18/3490) and 0.15% (5/3490) for the first round screening, and 0.40% (14/2943), 0.40% (14/2943) and 0.03% (1/2943) for the second round screening. Likewise, 2 368 women were screened consecutively twice in the years of 2007-2008. The detection rates of CIN2, CIN3 and cervical cancer were 0.55% (13/2368), 0.25% (6/2368) and 0.12% (3/2368) for the first round screening, and 0.42 (10/2040), 0.04% (1/2040) and 0% for the second round screening. The cumulative detection rates for CIN2, CIN3 and cervical cancer were 0.81% (58/7145), 0.74% (53/7145) and 0.17% (12/7145), respectively. And 53.45% (31/58) of CIN2, 68.81% (37/53) of CIN3 and almost all cervical cancers (11/12) were found during the first round screening, except for an early stage cervical cancer (Ia). Only one CIN2 was detected in the third round screening in the same population. The average age of CIN1, CIN2, CIN3 and cervical cancer were 38.65, 40.61, 44.10 and 46.73 years, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSVIA/VILI can be used as an alternative screening method for cervical cancer and high-grade pre-cancerous lesions among the women aged 30-59 years in China's rural areas because of its low cost, easy training for the local health providers, and less depending on facilities. One round screening by VIA/VILI can detect more than a half of CIN2, two-thirds of CIN3 and almost all the cervical cancer in the population, and the detection rates of CIN2/3 can be increased by two consecutive rounds of screening.

Acetic Acid ; Adult ; Carcinoma in Situ ; diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; diagnosis ; China ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Iodides ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Rural Population ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnosis

Five patients with synovial chondromatosis in the temporomandibular joint were treated in our hospital between August, 2011 and August, 2014. All the patients underwent preoperative imaging examinations for clinical diagnosis and determining the involvement of the lesions. Surgeries were performed and the lesions were confirmed as synovial chondromatosis by pathological diagnosis. The clinical manifestations, imaging features, diagnosis and treatment results were analyzed. All the 5 patients had pain in the joint region, 3 had limited mouth opening, and 3 had swelling in the joint region. X-ray film showed widening of the joint space in all the 5 cases and radiographic findings showed space-occupying lesions in the intra-articular space. Open joint surgeries was performed and completed successfully in all the cases. The postoperative imaging showed no residual lesions in the surgical area. As a rare clinical entity, synovial chondromatosis in the temporomandibular joint was poorly documented without specific clinical manifestations. The diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis relies on imaging, arthroscopic and pathological findings. Corpus liberum is an important feature of the disease occurring frequently in the joint cavity. Surgical intervention is the primary choice for treatment of synovial chondromatosis in the temporomandibular joint, in which the corpus liberum and the affected synovial membrane shall be removed after joint incision.

Follicular lymphoma is a common pathological subtypes of lymphoma, it ranked only second to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, accounts for 22% of non Hodgkin's lymphoma. Follicular lymphoma is a displaying biologically and clinically diverse disease. Patients may present indolent, asymptomatic disease or more aggressive, symptomatic disease with high tumor burden. Decision-making to treat in the frontline is based on histology manifestation, tumor burden and patient symptoms. Treatment for follicular lymphoma includes radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunological therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation or allogeneic stem cell transplantation.Radiation therapy is the first treatment of early stage follicular lymphoma. For advanced follicular lymphoma chemotherapy, chemotherapy combined immunotherapy or immune radiotherapy, stem cell transplantation may be chosen. In recent years, drugs for lymphoma including bortezomib, lenalidomide, Ofatumumab, Epratuzumab and so on, and the therapeutic scheme present more and more update. In this article the advances of treatment for follicular lymphoma are summarzied.
Humans ; Lymphoma, Follicular ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of bear bile powder and ursodesxy cholic acid (UDCA) on peripheral blood, bone marrow megakaryocyte and immune organs in mouse model with thrombocytopenia, so as to provide a reference for studying the curative effects of bear bile powder and its succedaneum on thrombocytopenic purpura (TP).

METHODSThe mouse model with thrombocytopenia indued by cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) was established, a total of 70 mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, prednisone group, bear bile (middle and high dose) powder group and UDCA (middle and high dose) group. From the first day of making model mice in the each group, 0.4 ml/(20 g·d) corresponding drug was administered by infusion. At day 10 after treatment the peripheral blood, spleen and thymus organ index, the number of bone marrow megakaryocyte in each group were compared.

RESULTScompared with the normal group, the Plt, WBC and megakaryocyte counts in model group decreased, the spleen index increased obviously (P<0.05), but the WBC count returned to normal by 10 days; after treatment, compared with model group, the Plt, WBC and megakaryocyte counts of treated groups increased, spleen index decreased significantly (P<0.05), but the WBC count in prednisone group decreased, which in bear bile powder (high) group and UDCA (high) group were particularly significant.

CONCLUSIONThe bear bile powder and UDCA have been confirmed to have therapeutical effect on thrombocytopenia models induced by Ara-C, UDCA can substitute bear bile powder as a treatment drug for thrombocytopenic purpura.

Animals ; Bile ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cytarabine ; Disease Models, Animal ; Megakaryocytes ; Mice ; Spleen ; Thrombocytopenia

OBJECTIVETo explore the optimal implantation strategy of tissue-engineered liver (TEL) constructed based on decellularized spleen matrix (DSM) in rats.

METHODSDSM was prepared by freeze-thawing and perfusion with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) of the spleen of healthy SD rats. Primary rat hepatocytes isolated using modified Seglen 2-step perfusion method were implanted into the DSM to construct the TEL. The advantages and disadvantages were evaluated of 4 transplant strategies of the TEL, namely ectopic vascular anastomosis, liver cross-section suture transplantation, intrahepatic insertion and mesenteric transplantation.

RESULTSThe planting rate of hepatocytes in the DSM was (74.5∓7.7)%. HE staining and scanning electron microscopy showed satisfactory cell status, and immunofluorescence staining confirmed the normal expression of ALB and G6Pc in the cells. For TEL implantation, ectopic vascular anastomosis was difficult and resulted in a mortality rate of 33.3% perioperatively and massive thrombus formation in the matrix within 6 h. Hepatic cross-section suture failed to rapidly establish sufficient blood supply, and no viable graft was observed 3 days after the operation. With intrahepatic insertion method, the hepatocytes in the DSM could survive as long as 14 days. Mesenteric transplantation resulted in a hepatocyte survival rate of (38.3+7.1)% at 14 days after implantation.

CONCLUSIONTEL constructed based on DSM can perform liver-specific functions with a good cytological bioactivity. Mesenteric transplantation of the TEL, which is simple, safe and effective, is currently the optimal transplantation strategy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of bone marrow blasts ratio after induction chemotherapy for 2 weeks in patients with PhALL, and it's influence on complete remission (CR) and overall prognosis.

METHODSA total of 172 patients with PhALL in our hospital from March 2012 to February 2016 were selected. The bone marrow blast ratio was analyzed by the receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) in patients after induction chemotherapy for 2 weeks, at same time its influence on CR and overall prognosis of PhALL patients was evaluated.

RESULTSThe cutoff value of CR was 0.075, its area under ROC was 0.763; the comparison of area under ROC with A=0.5 showed statistically significant difference, therefore 172 patients with PhALL were grouped according to bone marrow blast ratio after induction chemotherapy for 2 weeks: 104 cases (60.5%) with bone marrow blast ratio <0.075, 68 cases (39.5%) with bone marrow blast ratio ≥0.075. The PhALL patinets with bone marrow blast ratio <0.075 who achieved CR and finally achieved CR after induction chemotherapy for 4 weeks acconnted for 89 (85.6%) and 99(95.2%) respectively, which were significantly higher than those in PhALL patients with bone marrow blast ratio≥0.075, [29(42.6%) and 52 (76.5%)](P<0.05). In addition, the influencing factor clinically reducing the OS and DFS rate of patients and enhancing the ralapse rate of patients were mainly chemotherapy, the failure of induction chemotherapy (patients did not achieve CR after induction therapy for 4 weeks), the bone marrow blast ratio≥0.075 after induction treatment for 2 weeks, and CNSL at diagnosis and so on, while the enhaced WBC count at diagnosis was poor factor affecting the DFS rate of patients.

CONCLUSIONAfter induction chemotherapy for 2 weeks, the elevated bone marrow blast ratio in PhALL patients will be infavourable to CR, and the overall prognosis is poor.

This study was purposed to investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of astragalosides on acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL) cell line NB4 and its mechanism. NB4 cells were treated with different concentrations (200, 300, 400 µg /ml) of astragalosides for 48 h. The cell proliferation was assayed by using CCK-8 method; the cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITE/PI double staining. The mRNA expression of BCL-2 and the relative activity of BCL-2, NF-κB and caspase-3 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The results showed that after treated with astragalosides for 48 h, astragalosides inhibited NB4 cell proliferation in concentration-dependent way, the apoptosis rate of NB4 cells gradually elevated from 4.69% to 40.85% with the increasing of astragalosides concentration. Simultaneously, the mRNA expression of BCL-2 was down-regulated, Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression levels of BCL-2 and NF-κB decreased after astragalosides treatment, while caspase-3 protein expression level increased. It is concluded that the molecular mechanism of the astragalosides-induced apoptosis in NB4 cells may be associated with down-regulation of the expression of BCL-2 and NF-κB, finally the relative activity of caspase-3 activated.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Saponins ; pharmacology