Objective To investigate into the current situation of nursing teachers’ working pressure in Xinjiang and analyze the influence factors,in order to provide basis for countermeasure about teachers' team construction,and valuable suggestions for the sustainable development of nursing school management and talent team.Methods Measuring scale of teachers' working pressure and questionnaire were used to conduct a survey of 256 nursing teachers from 10 nursing schools in 15 regions in Xinjiang,and analyze the influence factors.Results The working pressure score of nursing teachers was ( 2.436 ± 0.576 ),which meant that they felt under heavy pressure.Teachers with different school age,marriage status,part-time job situation and workload bore different levels of working pressure due to social factors.Teachers with different marriage status bore different levels of working pressure due to school management and policies.Teachers with different gender,age,degree,marriage status and workload bore different levels of working pressure due to professional development.Teachers with different gender,school age,and workload bore different levels of working pressure.Teachers with different age,marriage status,and workload bore different levels of working pressure due to interpersonal relationship.Teachers with different gender,age,school age,professional title,marriage status,workload,income and part-time job situation bore different levels of working pressure.Teachers with different gender,professional title,marriage status,workload and curriculum bore different levels of working pressure due to different personal traits.And all the differences were statistically significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The working pressure of professional nursing teachers is from different sources,in which school management and social factors bring the greatest pressure. Therefore it is necessary to change the prejudice toward nursing education,define the position of nursing education and increase state investment in nursing education.In the meantime,nursing teachers should deepen the understanding of their career,and make reasonable career development planning.

Objective To study the risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Hobukesar Mongolian Autonomous County of Xinjiang (HMACX) and to discuss the related strategies for prevention and control. Methods A randomized sampling method was used to screen local residents for human CE in HMACX. CE related risk factors including ethnicity,age,sex,occupation and personal status on hygiene etc. were analyzed under multi-factor logistic regression. Results The prevalence rates of CE and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) were 3.7% (23/627) and 0.16%(1/627) respectively,with the seropositive rate as 12.4% (76/613). The main risk factors that significantly associated with CE were age (OR=7.6,95% CI: 2.481-23.579) and slaughtering livestock in the households (OR=3.2,95%CI: 1.297-7.809). Herdsmen had the highest prevalence of CE in all of the occupations in this study. Conclusion HMACX had been a highly endemic area for human CE,with age and family slaughtering-livestock-behavior appeared to be the main possible risk factors.

Decoction is a classical dosage form of traditional Chinese medicines. In the process of decocting, various complex components produce physical interactions and chemical reactions, among which physical interactions include van der Waals force, hydrogen bond, electrostatic interaction, π-π stacking, etc., and chemical reactions include Maillard reaction, oxidation reaction, hydrolysis reaction, degradation reaction, polymerization reaction, etc. New substances and original ingredients from chemical reactions can be further activated. These effects form the basis of particle formation in the broth. The sizes of the particles in decoctions range from nanoscale to micron scale, mostly composed of polysaccharide, protein matrix, wrapped in water insoluble molecules, can increase the dispersion of insoluble components and the stability of unstable components, as well as reduce the volatile components and toxic components of volatile components, and ultimately achieve the purpose of efficient absorption and toxicity reduction. From the angle of physical change and chemical reaction in the process of decoction, this paper expounds the formation mechanism of particles in decoction, expounds the research method of particles, analyzes the components in particles and the interaction between components, and then explains the pharmacodynamic characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine decoction, which provides the foundation for the modernization of Chinese decoction.