Objective To compare the efficacy between ureteroscope with holmium laser lithotripsy (URS) and minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) in oblique supine position for the proximal and middle ureteral calculi.Methods Ninety-six patients with proximal and middle ureteral calculi were divided into URS group (54 cases) and MPCNL group(42 cases) according to the treatment order.The operative duration,postoperative hospital stay,stone-free rate,intraoperative blood loss ＞ 400 ml rate,conversion to open surgery rate,complication rate including postoperative fever were observed,and stone composition was analyzed.Results The operative duration and postoperative hospital stay in URS group and MPCNL group were (55.3 ± 12.1),(49.6 ± 11.5) min and (1.7 ± 0.9),(4.4 ± 1.2) d,respectively,and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).There were no significant differences in the stone-free rate,complication rate (Clavien degree Ⅱ),conversion to open surgery rate,intraoperative blood loss ＞ 400 ml rate,complication rate,postoperative fever rate (P ＞ 0.05).Stone composition analysis showed that the proportion of calcium oxalate stone was 51.0％(49/96).Conclusions URS and MPCNL in oblique supine position for the proximal and middle ureteral calculi are effective and safe therapeutic modalities.The operative duration of MPCNL in oblique supine position is shorter,and postoperative recovery of URS is fast.

The pattern of incidence and clin ic al presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) collected during the past 45 years were analysed. It showed that most of PHPT patients were young or mid- aged, and female patients were somewhat more than male patients. The duration of illness was longer and symptoms were more severe. The number of post-menopausa l female patients was increased in recent ten years.

2.65 mmol/L with co-elevated PTH. For locating the adenoma, the specificity of B-Us was 95% and the sensitivity of MIBI was 100%. Our standard surgical procedure were bilateral exploration. We found much more tumors in inferior glands than that in superior glands. The success rate in a single exploration in benign cases was 99%. Conclusions PHPT could be diagnosed by co-elevated calcemia and PTH. B-US with 99m Tc-MIBI was the first choice for localization. Bilateral exploration is safe and effective.

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing protein 2 (NOD2) is a member of intracellular pattern recognition receptor. After being activated, it will induce the release of inflammatory factors through a series of signal cascade transduction, thus playing an important role in the innate immune response. The abnormal NOD2 signaling pathway is involved in the occurrence and development of many diseases, especially the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NOD2 gene have been identified to be closely associated with autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs). Therefore, inhibitors targeting NOD2 pathway have great potential in the treatment of inflammatory immune diseases. This review presents the recent progress of NOD2 receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways and its regulation mechanisms, the relationship between NOD2 and AIDs, and the inhibitors of NOD2 pathway.

Objective To explore the radiosensitivity of berberine on esophageal cancer cells under hypoxia condition.Methods MTT assay and clonogenic survival assay were used to evaluate the effect of berberine on proliferation inhibition and radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells,respectively.Immunofluorescence was employed to examine the expression of HIF-1.The change of cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry.The expression of HIF-1 was measured by Western blot.DNA damage was detected by γ-H2AX Foci counting.Results With a clear dose and time effect,berberine inhibited cell proliferation and enhanced cell radiosensitivity(t =3.69,P＜0.05)with a sensitizing enhancement ratio(SER)of 1.42.Berberine caused a dose-dependent decrease in HIF-1 protein expression and also significantly increased the cell apoptosis in ECA-109 population(t=4.74,P＜0.05).Compared with the radiation alone group,berberine enhanced X-ray induced DNA double chain breaks(DSB).Conclusions Berberine can increase the radiosensitivity of esophageal cell line ECA-109,which may be associated with decrease of HIF-1 expression and induction of apoptosis in ECA-109 cells.

Aim To investigate the antioxidant capacity of crocetin and crocin in an in vivo system.Methods Column chromatography was applied to the seperation of crocetin and crocin-1 from gardenia.Crocetin(6.25,12.5 and 25.0 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) and crocin (18.7,37.5 and 75.0 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) were orally administered to kunming mice.Then,superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),total antioxidant capacity(TAOC)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in mice were determined for the comparison of antioxidant activity of crocetin and crocin-1.Results Oral administration of crocetin and crocin for six weeks could enhance SOD of liver and kidney,GSH-Px of liver and TAOC of heart and kidney.In addition,it could decrease MDA of serum in mice.Conclusions The comparison of results suggests the evidence supporting the comparable antioxidant activity of crocetin and crocin.The results of the research also indicate that liver and kidney are two organs targeted for protection concerning endogenous antioxidant among various tissues.

OBJECTIVETo observe the curative effect of integrated Chinese and Western medicine on acute cerebral infarction (ACI).

METHODSTwo hundred and seventy-nine ACI patients were assigned to two groups. The control group (140 cases) was treated with Western medicine by staging and the treated group (139 cases) was given TCM therapy according to syndrome differentiation on the basis of Western medicine. The end point was set at the 90th day of the administration. The curative effect was assessed by Chinese stroke scale (CSS), National Institutes of health stroke scale score (NIHSS), Rankin scale and Barthel index (BI).

RESULTSAt the end point of the trial, the total effective rate was 73.38% in the treated group and 61.43% in the control group, the former was superior to the latter (P<0.05). There were 66 cases (47.14%) in the control group and 80 cases (57.55%) in the treated group with improvement rate of NIHSS > or =40%, 65 cases (46.43%) with their Rankin scale within 0-2 grade in the control group and 78 cases (56.12%) in the treated group, 60 cases (42.86%) in the control group and 71 cases (51.08%) in the treated group with BI > or =85, 61 cases (43.57%) in the control group and 72 cases (51.80%) in the treated group with improvement rate of CSS > or = 46%, comparison between them showed significant differences (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTCM therapy accord-ing to syndrome differentiation combined with Western medicine by staging shows better curative efficacy on ACI.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Anticoagulants ; therapeutic use ; Cerebral Infarction ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Syndrome ; Treatment Outcome

The genes of short armed hammerhead ribozyme targeting against two sites on positive strand (194-196) and negative strand (89-91) of ASSVd were designed, synthesized and cloned according to the action manner of hammerhead ribozyme. The full lengths of the genes are 42 bp (RzASSVd(+)) and 40 bp (RzASSVd(-)). After transcription in vitro, the ASSVd positive and negative RNA labeled with 32P were mixed with the ribozyme transcript and incubated 3-4 h at 50 degrees C or 37 degrees C. The results were assayed on 8% PAGE (containing 8 mol/L urea) and autoradiogrammed. As predicted, the transcript of the active RzASSVd(-) could cleave the ASSVd negative strand RNA with a high activity but had no cleavage effect on the ASSVd positive strand. The transcript of the RzASSVd(+) gene could cleave the ASSVd positive strand but its cleavage activity was very low. As the same, it cannot cleave the negative strand either. On the base of the result, we construct dimmer ribozyme gene pGEMRzASSVd(+/-) containing both RzASSVd(+) and RzASSVd(-).
Cloning, Molecular ; Malus ; virology ; Plant Diseases ; virology ; RNA, Catalytic ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapeutic use ; RNA, Viral ; metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Transcription, Genetic ; Viroids ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate clinical effects of three-column reconstruction via single posterior approach for the treatment of unstable thoracolumbar fractures accompanied by posterior column injury.

METHODSFrom December 2008 to May 2010,three-column reconstruction via posterior approach was implemented to 21 patients with unstable thoracolumbar fractures accompanied by posterior column injuries. There were 13 males and 8 females, ranging in age from 23 to 54 years old(averaged,35.5 years old). Injured vertebrae: 1 patient had injury in T11, 4 patients had injuries in T12, 8 patients had injuries in L1, 5 patients had injuries in L2, 3 patients had injuries in L3. The Cobb angle was (25.34 +/- 3.42) degrees. The operation time,blood loss during operation, Cobb angle and the bony fusion were observed.

RESULTSTwenty-one patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 24 to 27 years old, with an average of 25.6 months. The operation time ranged from 135 to 275 min, with a mean of 185 min. The blood loss during operation ranged from 700 to 1 650 ml (averaged, 870 ml). All the patients had complete decompression. Postoperative Cobb angle was (4.01 +/- 2.03) degrees, and (4.34 +/- 2.38) degrees at the latest follow-up. All the patients got bony fusion.

CONCLUSIONTo the patients with unstable thoracolumbar fractures accompanied by posterior column injuries, three-column reconstruction via single posterior approach has both anterior approach and posterior approach advantages, which can obtain excellent clinical outcomes.

Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; methods ; Spinal Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To discuss the feasibility and curative effect of broncho-alveolar lavage(BAL)through bronchofiberscope in the treatment of severe toxic pulmonary edema caused by irritative gas.Methods 16 cases se- vere toxic pulmonary edema caused by irritative gas were performed BAL through bronchofiberseope.The index of oxygen in arterial blood,clinical and radiological changes before,during and 2 hours after BAL were observed.Results 2 hours after BAL through bronchofiberscope,the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood(PaO2)obviously in- creased,the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood(PaCO_2)did not change much.PaO_2 and PaCO_2 had no obvious change before and during BAL.The shadow area in the X-ray film of chest obviously decreased 24 hours af- ter BAL.In all 16 cases,13 cases were cured,1 case got improvement,and 2 cases died.The curative rate was 81%. Conclusion BAL through bronchofiberscope could clear the noxious substance in airway and improve the ventilation function.It was safe and had confirmed curative effect.