1.The nutrient arteries of the lumbar vertebrae were studied on 55 fresh cadaversof different ages by dissection,clearing,casting,radiography and histologicalexamination.2.The nutrient arteries of the lumbar vertebral body enter both the ventrolateraland dorsal surfaces of the body.They can be divided into two types:central andperipheral.The central branches reach the center of the body.While the peripheralbranches supply the outer collar of the body.In number,the former is 1 to 3(averagenumber 2.24?0.09)and that of the latter is 1 to 2(average number 1.47?0.04).The peripheral branches are numerous and inconstant.On the ventrolateral surface theperipheral branches have the average number of 7.83?0.21 and 5.67?0.11 on thedorsal surface.The peripheral branches of the ventrolateral nutrient arteries increaseobviously as age advances.On the contrary,the central branches of the ventrolateralnutrient arteries decrease as the ordinal number of the lumbar vertebrae increases.3.The central branches lie in the middle third zone of the body.They havestraight and less branched stem,preterminal coils and centrifugal terminal brancheswhich spread radially to the upper and lower vertebral end-plates of the body.In theadult,the terminals of both central and peripheral branches anastomose each other toform a dense arterial network.4.In the hyaline cartilage,there are cartilaginous canals which contain 1～2 smallveins and arteries,a number of capillaries and a little of amount of the connectivetissue.The small artery is usually only one in number.5.The nutrient arteries of the arch are mainly:to the pedicle of arch(84.53?1.57%),to the mammillary process(49.45?2.34%),and to the lamina(47.17?2.17%).6.At no age have we been to detect any blood supply for the deep part of theannulus fibrous and nucleus pulposus.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of enhanced external counterpulsation (ECP) in the treatment of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).Methods It was a case-control study.83 patients (166 eyes) of NPDR were randomly divided into ECP treatment group (ECP group) and conventional therapy group (drug group) by date of visit odd and even number,each with 42 patients of 84 eyes and 41 patients of 82 eyes respectively.The blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc),low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C),corrected visual acuity,stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and hemodynamic index such as peak systolic velocity (PSV),diastolic velocity (EDV),resistance index (RI) of ophthalmic artery (OA) and central retinal artery (CRA) were not statistically different between these two groups (P＞ 0.05).All patients were regularly educated for lifestyle management and diabetes mellitus.The following parameters were controlled by drugs including blood glucose＜8.0 mmol/L,HbA1c＜7.5 ％,blood pressure ＜140/90 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and LDL-C＜3.1 mmol/L.The ECP group received both ECP and medical treatments.The ECP parameters were gasbag pressure 0.35-0.45 kg/cm2,40 min/each time,1 time/d.35 days of ECP was one course,one course each year for 3 years.The treatment effectiveness was determined at the end of follow-up after 3 years of treatment.The blood glucose,HbA1c,blood pressure,LDL-C,visual acuity,fundus changes and hemodynamic index of OA and CRA before and after treatment were comparatively analyzed.Improved or stable visual acuity and fundus condition was judged as effective treatment.Results At latest follow up,the differences of blood glucose,HbA1c,blood pressure and LDL-C were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Compared to drug group,the PSV and EDV of OA and CRA were increased,but RI of OA and CRA was decreased in ECP group (P＜0.05).The vision effective ratio was 91.67％ and 30.49％ in ECP group and drug group respectively with a significant different (x2 =65.56,P＜0.05).The fundus effective ratio was 92.86％ and 48.78％ in ECP group and drug group respectively with a significant different (x2 =43.38,P＜ 0.05).During follow-up,1 eye (1.19％) progressed to proliferative DR (PDR) in ECP group,while 6 eyes (7.32％) progressed to PDR in drug group.The difference of PDR incidence rate between two groups was significant (x2 =3.87,P＜ 0.05).During the ECP treatment,there were 2 patients with small blisters in the skin of lower limb and cured finally.There were no other treatment-related complications.Conclusion ECP in the treatment for NPDR can improve PSV and EDV,reduce RI of OA and CRA;improve vision and fundus state,reduce the incidence of PDR.

Since the 1960s,endovascular coil embolization has gradually become another treatment for intracranial aneurysms in addition to craniotomy clipping surgery,and in recent years,it has become the preferred method for many neurologists.However,the complexity of intracranial vascular anatomy and the diversity of intracranial aneurysm make the coil embolization alone unable to meet the needs of all intracranial aneurysms.And then some novel materials and techniques emerged,such as coated coils,balloon-assisted embolization,stent-assisted embolization,and covered stents.The principle of covered stents for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms is to place a kind of stents with bio-physical barriers into the parent arteries,while maintaining the patency of the parent artery,thus isolating aneurysms,leading to thrombogenesis inside and finally curing the lesions while maintaining the patency of parent arteries.It has huge advantage in the treatment of wide-necked,huge,dissecting and pseudo aneurysms without important adjacent branch vessels.This article reviews the application situation and the prospects of development of covered stents in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

The electroencephalogram (EEG) has proved to be a valuable tool in the study of comprehensive conditions whose effects are manifest in the electrical brain activity, and epilepsy is one of such conditions. In the study, multiscale permutation entropy (MPE) was proposed to describe dynamical characteristics of EEG recordings from epilepsy and healthy subjects, then all the characteristic parameters were forwarded into a support vector machine (SVM) for classification. The classification accuracies of the MPE with SVM were evaluated by a series of experiments. It is indicated that the dynamical characteristics of EEG data with MPE could identify the differences among healthy, interictal and ictal states, and there was a reduction of MPE of EEG from the healthy and interictal state to the ictal state. Experimental results demonstrated that average classification accuracy was 100% by using the MPE as a feature to characterize the healthy and seizure, while 99. 58% accuracy was obtained to distinguish the seizure-free and seizure EEG. In addition, the single-scale permutation entropy (PE) at scales 1-5 was put into the SVM for classification at the same time for comparative analysis. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed method could be a very powerful algorithm for seizure prediction and could have much better performance than the methods hased on single sale PF
Algorithms ; Electroencephalography ; Entropy ; Epilepsy ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Seizures ; diagnosis ; Support Vector Machine

Artery aneurysm occurred in the aortic arch involving branches of vital organs is the difficulty of the endovascular repair.In recent years,experts have made a few researches,and have obtained some effects. We reviewed the present situation this technique in this paper.

Ovarian cancer is one of the highest mortality rate of gynecologic malignant tumors. Chemotherapy can improve the survival rate of the traditional ovary. In recent years, PARP [poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase]inhibitors in breast cancer susceptibility gene (breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA) mutations in patients with ovarian cancer can significantly improve the disease-free survival, may change the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. This part of PARP [poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase] inhibitors, inhibiting the repairment of DNA damage in tumor cell, causing DNA damage accumulation, eventually killing tumor cells.In breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (breast cancer susceptibility gene1, BRCA1)/BRCA2 mutation patients with ovarian cancer, PARP inhibitors and BRCA mutation of the synthetic lethal effect provides a new direction for the development of anti-cancer drugs. Now, many highly selective and sensitive PARP inhibitors have been developed and applied in clinical trials.Although PARP inhibitor monotherapy can produce a therapeutic effect in BRCA mutation in patients with ovarian cancer, but the clinical application is still used in combination with other chemotherapy or radiotherapy. This review is focused on the recent progress in clinical trials of PARP inhibitors in combination with common chemotherapeutic agents.

Because of the long acquisition time and spin-echo planar imaging sequence, diffusion weight magnetic resonance image (DWI) should be denoised effectively to ensure the follow-up applications. The commonly used denoising methods which induced from gray level image lack the use of the specific information from multiple magnitude directions. This paper, therefore, proposes a modified linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) denosing method used for DWI. The proposed method uses the local information to estimate the parameter of the Rician noise and modifies the LMMSE using the information of multiple magnitude directions synthetically. The simulation and experiment of the synthetic DWI and real human brain DWI dataset demonstrate that the proposed method can more effectively remove the Rician noise compared to the commonly used denoising method and improve the robustness and validity of the diffusion tensor magnetic resonance image (DTI).
Algorithms ; Brain ; anatomy & histology ; Computer Simulation ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; methods ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Reproducibility of Results

EC-SOD inclusion bodies was refolded on column using metal (Ni) affinity chromatography, based on the metal-binding property of His-tag. The effect of protein amount, urea removal speed and temperature on refolding was observed. We compared the different efficiency purified with Ni-sepharose and Heprain-sepharose affinity chromatography, and studied the stability of the refolded proteins. The results indicate that the inclusion bodies can be renatured with Ni-sepharose affinity chromatography. The increase of the protein amount and urea removal rate , the lower of the renaturation efficiency. Higher temperature was benefit to protein renaturation. Both the Ni-sepharose and Heprain-sepharose affinity column can be used to purified the refolded proteins, but purified by Heprain-sepharose affinity column the protein had higher activity. The activity of renatured protein was stable in 10 ℃～50℃,when pH10 its stability was lower significantly. In denaturating solution the stability of renatured protein was low.

Background Several cytokines,especially interleukin-1β (IL-β) involve in the breakdown of blood-retina barrier,and the signal of cytokine is transduced through protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) pathway.Objective This study was to investigate the effects of PTK inhibitor,Genistein,on IL-1β-induced blood-retinal barrier breakdown and possible mechanism.Methods The animal models of blood-retinal barrier breakdown were induced through intravitreal injection of IL-1β(10ng) in 24 clean healthy SD rats and assigned to IL-1β group and Genistein group.5μl IL-1β+1μl Genistein with 0.2,1,5μg were intravitreally injected in 12 model rats and 5μl IL-1β (2mg/L)+1μl DMSO was used at the same way in other 12 models.Evans Blue was injected in rats via jugular vein in 1 hour before sacrifice of animals and the arterial blood was collected for the detect of serum Evans Blue.The retinas of the rats were obtained in 4 and 48 hours after injection of vitreous cavity to assay the content of Evans Blue in retina.The changes of vessels and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed with hematoxylin-eosin stain.RT-PCR was employed to determine the expression of IL-8 and MCP-1mRNA in neuroretina after intravitreal injection.Expression of MCP-1 protein was localized by immunohistochemistry.Results The ratio of retinal Evans Blue and plasma Evans Blue was significantly decreased after intravitreal injection of different doses of Genistein among Genistein groups and IL-8 group with a statistical difference (4 hours:F=7.510,P=0.010;48 hours:F=5.960,P=0.019).With the increase of time after injection of Evans Blue,the ratio of retinal Evans Blue and plasma Evans Blue was gradually reduced in comparison to IL-1β group (P＜0.05).After injection of IL-1β,the dilation of retinal vessel and adhesion of leukocyte to vessel wall were seen under the light microscope,but infiltration of less inflammatory cells was found in Genistein group.The expressions of IL-8 and MCP-1mRNA were obviously declined in retina of rats in Genistein groups compared with IL-8 group (P＜0.05).Immunochemistry indicated that the expression of MCP-1 protein in neuroretina tissue was weaker in Genistein group compared with IL-8 group.Conclusion PTK inhibitor,Genistein,can decrease IL-1β-induced permeability of vessel and maintain the integrity of blood-retinal barrier by downregulating the expression of chemokines and infiltration of leukostasis in retinal vessels.This study imply that PTK pathway plays an important role in IL-1β-induced blood-retinal barrier breakdown.

Clinical data of 448 patients aged ≥60 years with osteoporotic hip fractures admitted in Shanghai Huashan Hospital between January 2010 and December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Among 448 cases,there were 143 males and 305 females;196 cases aged 80-89 years (43.8％) and 137 cases aged 70-79 years (30.6％);304 cases of femoral neck fracture (67.9％) and 144 cases of intertrochanteric femoral fracture (32.1％);the fractures caused by fall in 328 cases (73.2％) and comorbidity with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in 415 cases (92.6％).Two hundred and sixty eight patients were followed up for 2 years,among whom re-fractures occurred in 17 cases.The study indicates that health education is important for prevention of osteoporotic fractures in elderly people.