Child ; China ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; diagnosis ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Pathology, Molecular ; Pediatrics ; methods ; trends

0.05].In 48 patients without lymph node metastasis,there was no significant difference between the OPN-positive and OPN-negative patients in survival times.Multivariate analysis revealed that survival times was associated with patients′sex(P=0.032)and TNM stage(P

AIM: To investigate the effect of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor erlotinib on kidney injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rat and the underlying mechanism.METHODS: The rat model of DN was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at dose of 55 mg/kg.One week after STZ injection, the rats with blood glucose level exceeding 16.7 mmol/L were identified as diabetic.Diabetic rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: STZ group and STZ+erlotinib group.In addition, the normal rats were used as control group.The rats in STZ+erlotinib group were treated with erlotinib at 100 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 4 weeks(5th~8th week).The fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum creatinine (SCr) and 24 h urine protein were measured.The pathological changes of the kidney were observed by HE staining and Masson staining.The protein levels of EGFR, p-EGFR, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3, collagen Ⅳ (ColⅣ) and fibronectin in the kidney tissues were determined by Western blot.The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the renal tissues were futher analyzed.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the levels of FBG, 24 h urine protein and Scr were significantly increased in STZ group (P<0.01).Compared with STZ group, the levels of FBG, 24 h urine protein and SCr in STZ+erlotinib group were markedly decreased (P<0.05).In additon, the glomerular structure was restored to normal, the proliferative degree of mesangial cells markedly attenuated, and the epithelial cells were in alignment in STZ+erlotinib group.Moreover, erlotinib significantly inhibited the protein levels of p-EGFR, TGFβ1, p-Smad2/3, ColⅣ and fibronectin in the kidney tissues of STZ rats.In addition, erlotinib also significantly inhibited the levels of ROS and MDA in the kidney tissues of STZ rats.CONCLUSION: Erlotinib ameliorates STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy possibly through inhibiting the activation of EGFR/TGFβ1-Smad2/3 signaling pathway in association with suppression of fibrosis and oxidative stress.

Objective　To investigate the effect of amniotic membrane on the proliferation of YAC-1 in vitro. Methods　The YAC-1 cells were cultured with amniotic membrane and their proliferation were observed by MTT automated colorimetry on the lst day， the 3rd day and the 7th day respectively.Results　Amniotic membrane could significantly enhance the proliferation of YAC-1 on the lst day, the 3rd day and the 7th day respectively after having been seeded (P＜0.01).Conclusion　Amniotic membrane can enhance the proliferation of tumor cells (YAC-1), which should be paid attention to during amniotic membrane transplantation for treating ocular surface lesion caused by epibulbar tumors. ［Rec Adv Ophthalmol 2000;20(5)∶317-318］

The hypothesis that tumor comes from stem cells has been demonstrated in various human tumors.Cancer is not only a genetic disease but also a stem cell disease. It is a key to regeneration, mutations and recurrence of tumors that gene mutations affect stem cells, and then stem cells mutate to cancer stem cells. In an effort to review the evidence that liver cancer stem cells exist, two fundamental questions must be addressed. First, do hepatocellular carcinomas(HCC)arise from liver stem cells? Second, do HCCs contain cells that possess properties of cancer stem cells?More recently, there is a hypothesis that HCC arise from maturation arrest of liver stem cells. Analysis of the cells in HCC supports the presence of cells with stem-cell properties(ie, immortality, transplantability, and resistance to therapy). However, definitive markers for these putative cancer stem cells have not yet been found and a liver cancer stem cell has not been isolated.

Objective To explore the charcter and thesapeutic principlc of chronic lymphocytic thyoiditis.Methods 37 patients with chronical lymphocytic thyoiditis undergoing thyroidectomy were retrospectively analyzed.Results Compared with routine frozen section(FS) in operation FNA(fine needle aspiration) and the detecting of autoantibody had coincidence of 38%.Conclusion Exept preferred choosing of FNA and the detecting of autoantibody in early time,proper operation and the choose of indication is also important.

0.05).The recurrence of pterygium was related to the age.If the age increased five years,the risk of recurrence decreased 18.1%. Conclusion The application of MMC(during) the operation could decrease the recurrence rate of pterygium.The recurrence rate of pterygium was not related to the time of application of 0.02% MMC,and detainment for 3 min was enough during the operation.

Objective To construct recombinant lentivirus silence vector aiming at rictor gene in mTORC2 specific protein, and to investigate its regulation on mTORC2/SGK1 signal pathway and the effect on pulmonary alveolar epithelial sodium ion chan-nel,as well as the role in acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)and acute lung injury.Methods The interfering vector plas-mid and empty vector plasmid of target gene rictor were constructed,which and the lentivirus packaging system were co-transfected to 293T cells.The viral supernatant was collected,centrifuged,concentrated and purified for obtaining recombinant lentivirus.The virus titer was detected and the virus was infected to A549 cells.Stable cell lines were screened.RT-PCR was used to confirm the silencing situation of target gene rictor.The expression situation of various signal indexes in this pathway was detected by PCR and Western blot.Results The recombinant lentivirus of silence gene rictor was successfully constructed and transfected to A549 cell for obtaining stable cell lines.Compared with blank and control groups,the mRNA levels of rictor,downstream SGK1 andα-,β-andγ-ENaC in the shRNA-rictor group were significantly decreased (P <0.05 ).Meanwhile,the protein levels of rictor,downstream SGK1,P-SGK andα-,β-andγ-ENaC in the shRNA-rictor group were significantly decreased compared with the other two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Silence rictor gene has the obvious regulation effect on mTORC2/SGK1 signal pathway,meanwhile affects the expression of pulmonary alveolar epithelial cellular α-,β-and γ-ENaC at gene and protein level.It is speculated that mTORC2/SGK1 may be an important signal pathway for regulating the clearance capacity of pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells on pulmonary alveolar fluid and simultaneously affecting the pulmonary edema formation.

To study time and dose related changes after gamma knife radiosurgery (GKR) in rat brain, right caudate nucleuses of rats were irradiated by OUR XGD gamma units. The maximum dosages of 20,50,75 and 160Gy were given using a 4 mm collimator. HE, Nissl, Luxol fast blue staining and immunohistochemistry were utilized to observe histological changes.Histological changes in the right caudate nucleuses such as microvessel injury, which appeared as telangiectasia, vasodilatation, vessel wall thickening and edema, and astrocyte changes, which appeared as hypertrophy and proliferation, were observed at various time points after GKR. These findings demonstrate time dependent and dosage dependent changes are found in normal cerebral tissue after GKR. These results provide an explanation of the process taking place during the latent period before delayed radiation necrosis develops.

It has always been controversial whether a single allergen performs better than multiple allergens in polysensitized patients during the allergen-specific immunotherapy.This study aimed to examine the clinical efficacy of single-allergen sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) versus multi-allergen subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and to discover the change of the biomarker IL-4 after 1-year immunotherapy in polysensitized children aged 6-13 years with allergic rhinitis (AR) induced by house dust mites (HDMs).The AR polysensitized children (n=78) were randomly divided into two groups:SLIT group and SCIT group.Patients in the SLIT group sublingually received a single HDM extract and those in the SCIT group were subcutaneously given multiple-allergen extracts (HDM in combination with other clinically relevant allergen extracts).Before and 1 year after the allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT),the total nasal symptom scores (TNSS),total medication scores (TMS) and IL-4 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were compared respectively between the two groups.The results showed that the TNSS were greatly improved,and the TMS and IL-4 levels were significantly decreased after 1-year ASIT in both groups (SLIT group:P＜0.001;SCIT group:P＜0.001).There were no significant differences in any outcome measures between the two groups (for TNSS:P＞0.05;for TMS:P＞0.05;for IL-4 levels:P＞0.05).It was concluded that the clinical efficacy of single-allergen SLIT is comparable with that of multi-allergen SCIT in 6-13-year-old children with HDM-induced AR.