OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the microbial limit test of 29 hospital preparations.METHODS:A validation on the microbial limit test method was conducted in accordance with the counting method of bacteria,mycetes and yeasts and the control bacteria test method stated in the Appendix of China Pharmacopoeia(2005 edition).RESULTS:The recoveries of test organisms in 16 of the total 29 preparations by routine method were less than 70%,and the test organisms were failed to be detected in 6 preparations in the control bacteria test.For test organisms to meet the standard in recovery rate,medium dilution method,membrane-filter procedure,centrifugal method,neutralization method or the combination of these methods were needed.CONCLUSION:The test sample should undergo validation on the microbial limit test method to ensure the correctness of test result.

OBJECTIVE:To study the compatibility of Danshen Injections (in different dosage forms) and Quinolones Injections (in different varieties). METHODS:The contents of tanshinol sodium,protocatechualdehyde and tanshinone ⅡA in Danshen Injections as well as the contents of different Quinolones after mixing Danshen Injections (in different dosage forms) with Quinolones Injections (in different varieties) were determined by HPLC. The pH values of the mixtures were detected by acidometer and the properties of the mixtures were observed. RESULTS:After mixing of two,turbid reactions were noted in all the infusions of Quinolones; the contents of tanshinol sodium and protocatechualdehyde in the mixture were stable,whereas the content of tanshinone ⅡA decreased to almost 0; and the contents of Quinolones decreased slightly,and which were measured at about 90% of the labeled amount. The infusion reactions were independent of the pH value. CONCLUSION:Danshen Injection can't be mixed with Quinolones Injection in the same container; instead,they should be placed with suitable infusion separation and infused singly in different time period.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the dissolution rates of cefadroxil preparations from A,B and C3manufacturers and to provide references for rational clinical drug use.METHODS:The contents were determined by UV-spectrophotometry with the detection wavelength at263nm;The dissolution was determined by oar method with water as the solvent and with rotation speed at50r/min,the stripping curves were drawn,the parameters of T d ,m and?were figured out,and on which ANOVA was conducted;Besides,the dissolution tests were conducted on cefadroxil capsules that from manufacturer C by oar method and baskets-rotating methods simultaneously and the results of which were subjected to t-tests.RESULTS:The values of T d and?of cefadroxil capsules and cefadroxil tablets had significant differences(P0.05),but sig?nificances were found in m value between2batches of cefadroxil tables;The dissolution values of2batches of capsules from manufacturer C were signficances determined by oar method and rotation basket method respectively for less than10min and20min(P

OBJECTIVE:To study the chemical stability of disposable infusion bag of total parenteral nutrition.METHODS:0.9% sodium chloride injection was infused into the disposable infusion bag of total parenteral nutrition and set at 8 ℃ or 37 ℃ for different duration(0,24,48,and 72 h) as sample solution.The sample solution was compared with blank control(0.9% sodium chloride injection contained in glass bottle) in respect of pH value,metal ion,indissoluble particle,chloride,reduction substance,UV absorbance and dissolution of cyclohexanone.RESULTS:Each index was stable when sample solution was set at 8 ℃ for 24 h.Reduction substance and dissolution of cyclohexanone increased when solution was set at 37 ℃ with time prolonged,as compared with blank control.At 37℃ UV absorbance is more than that at 8 ℃.CONCLUSION:It is suitable to set disposable infusion bag of total parenteral nutrition at 8 ℃ after infusing with injection and use up within 24 h.

BACKGROUND: The posterior circulation artery is characterized by small caliber, long traveling, many curves and branches, so a stronger resistance will be encountered when a stent is delivered.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of coaxial double catheter technique on intracranial posterior circulation stenting.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A retrospective case analysis was performed at the Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Yunyang Medical College between December 2004 and February 2008.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 21 patients, 11 males and 10 females, aged 50-76 years old, were se/ected from the Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Yunyang Medical College.METHODS: All patients were confirmed as posterior circulation intracranial stenosis (stenosis > 70%) by digital subtraction angiography (DSA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), or CT angiography (CTA). They underwent cerebrovascular stent implantation, during which, single catheter technique was first applied, if failed, a coaxial double catheter technique was followed. A conventional group (single catheter technique successfully applied) and a double catheter group (coaxial double catheter technique successfully employed) were set. A written informed consent was obtained from each patient.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Therapeutic results and biocompatibility of implanted stents.RESULTS: The single catheter technique was applied in 21 patients and 6 of them (28.57%) had successful stent deployment, The remaining 15 patients were managed by a coaxial double catheter technique, and the stent was successfully released in these patients. There was only 1 patient presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage, and the success rate of stent deployment was 93.33%. Chi-square tests results showed that the coaxial double catheter technique produced significantly higher success rate of stent implantation than the single catheter technique (P < 0.05). Except this, no other adverse reactions were found. All stents covered the stenosis lesions completely, and fitted well with the blood vessel wall without rejection, showing the good biocompatibility of selected stents with the host.CONCLUSION: The coaxial double catheter technique can increase the longitudinal supporting strength and enhance the success rate of the intracranial posterior circulation stenting. Meanwhile, the risks of this procedure are low. Therefore, the technique deserves to be popularized.

Since the 1960s,endovascular coil embolization has gradually become another treatment for intracranial aneurysms in addition to craniotomy clipping surgery,and in recent years,it has become the preferred method for many neurologists.However,the complexity of intracranial vascular anatomy and the diversity of intracranial aneurysm make the coil embolization alone unable to meet the needs of all intracranial aneurysms.And then some novel materials and techniques emerged,such as coated coils,balloon-assisted embolization,stent-assisted embolization,and covered stents.The principle of covered stents for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms is to place a kind of stents with bio-physical barriers into the parent arteries,while maintaining the patency of the parent artery,thus isolating aneurysms,leading to thrombogenesis inside and finally curing the lesions while maintaining the patency of parent arteries.It has huge advantage in the treatment of wide-necked,huge,dissecting and pseudo aneurysms without important adjacent branch vessels.This article reviews the application situation and the prospects of development of covered stents in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare nifuratel vaginal effervescent tablets(NVET)and establish a method for its quality control.METHODS:The NVET was prepared using acid or alkali effervescent by principal ingredient-separated granulation.The content of the principal ingredient was determined by UV spectrophotometry.RESULTS:The preparation was white or off-white colored tablet and its property was up to the standard stated in Chinese Pharmacopeia(2005 Edition)in identification and test.The linear concentration range of nifuratel was 100～400 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 6)with an average recovery rate of 101.1%(RSD=0.62%,n=6).CONCLUSION:The preparation process for NVET is simple,and its quality is stable and controllable.

Adult ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Guanine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Humans

Dental Alloys ; Humans ; Root Canal Preparation

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Earthquakes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain Management ; Young Adult