Child ; China ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; diagnosis ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Pathology, Molecular ; Pediatrics ; methods ; trends

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Solanaceous Alkaloids ; poisoning

BACKGROUND:In recent years, bacterial celulose modified by nano-composite technology has been endowed with new properties. OBJECTIVE:To review the combination of bacterial celulose and nanosilver to prepare wound dressing. METHODS: A computer-online search was performed in PubMed (2013-01/2015-04) and CNKI (2007-01/2015-04) databases to retrieve studies on bacterial celulose, nanosilver and their compound method and application using the key words of “bacterial celulose, nano-silver” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bacterial celulose/nano-silver compound can be prepared by three methods: solution impregnation, in situ composite and biocomposite. Solution impregnation method can lower the concentration of nanosilver ions in the fiber matrix to highly control the release of silver ions, but the genetic toxicity and biocompatibility are unclear.In situcomposite method can reduce the damage to the mesh structure of celulose on which silver ions can be bonded firmly to reduce the toxic damage to cels, but the reducing agent used has a higher toxicity, which is difficult to remove. Biocomposite method cannot produce toxic substance, which is friendly to the environment, and the synthetic biomaterials have less harm to the human body and can be controled highly.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; blood ; complications ; diagnosis ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Child ; Cough ; complications ; Fatal Outcome ; Fever ; complications ; HIV-1 ; immunology ; Humans ; Male

Objective To establish an animal model of sacral nerve root avulsion in rats and e-valuate its efficiency. Methods A total of 20 adult SD rats (either sex) were chosen at random to es-tablish the sacral nerve root avulsion model by avulsing the fight L4-6 nerve roots out of intervertebral fo-ramina without laminectomy. The left side was set as control group. The models were evaluated in aspects of survival rate, Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores, somatosensory evoked potential (SEP), horse radish peroxidase (HRP) tracing, bilateral weight and cross section area (CSA) of muscle biceps femo-ris, fiber of triceps surae and anterior tibial muscle. Results Of all, 19 rats were survived but one died, with survival rate of 95.0%. The BBB score was (10.78+3.15) points in experimental group and 21 points in control group. The success rate of establishing animal model was 89.5% ,for there detected no SEP in bilateral cerebral cortex of the wounded extremity of 17 rats. HRP showed positive reaction in the spinal segment of L4-6 in two rats but negative in 17, with success rate of 89.5%. There was statistical difference in aspects of weight and muscle fiber CSA of double biceps femoris, triceps surae and anterior fibial muscle between experimental group and control group. Electron microscope found denervation chan-ges including muscle fiber atrophy, nucleus shifting to (center and muscle satellite cell. Conclusion A-vulsion of L4-6 sacral nerve root out of vertebral canal is a feasible and ideal method to establish the avui-sion model of sacral nerve root injury in rats.

Objective To explore the expression of aquaporin (AQP)-4 in white matter of spinal cord after spinal cord contusion (SCC). Methods 88 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly to sham operation group and SCC group. The model was established by Al-len's method. BBB sore was used to assess the motor function of rats. The relative expression of AQP-4 mRNA was determined by Q-PCR technique. The localization of AQP-4 was observed by immunohistochemistry. Results BBB score showed motor dysfunction in SCC group, and it increased 7 and 14 days after SCC (t>5.061, P<0.001). The level of AQP-4 mRNA decreased on the 1st and 3rd days (t>50.44, P<0.001), and increased on the 5th day (t=-3.968, P=0.001), and lasted until the 28th day (t=-4.227, P=0.001) compared with that on the 3rd day. The immunohistochemistry showed AQP-4 was located on the process of glial cell and vascular endothelial cells in white matter of spi-nal cord. Conclusion AQP-4 may play various roles at different stages in SCC.

Objective To screen 18 endophytes from Pseudolarix kaempferi Gord for molluscicidal effect and identify them by morphology. Methods Molluscicidal tests were performed according to the immersion test suggested by WHO and the strain screened was identified by the slide culture. Results The mortality rates of snails immersed by JJ18 broth salified (pH=7) were 26.7%, 76.7% and 100.0% for 24,48 h and 72 h, respectively, and 53.3% and 86.7% in 5% and 10% concentrations of JJ18 broth, respectively. The active components were extracellular moiety of the broth which had no acute toxicity to fish, and JJ18 strain belonged to Aspergillus. Conclusion Extracellular moiety of endophyte JJ18 from Pseudolarix kaempferi Gord is a new resource of molluscicide.

With the development of natural products, the research activities on the solubilization methods of water-insoluble natural products have been carried out worldwide. Big molecular weight and poor solubility of most natural active ingredients lead to a very poor oral absorption and low bioavailability, which has extremely limited their development in pharmaceutical fields and clinical application. As a result, it is necessary to find out a suitable technique to improve the solubility and enhance the oral bioavailability of insoluble natural drugs. Based on the related references published in these years, this review introduced some new techniques to improve the solubility and bioavailability of natural drugs, including prodrugs, inclusion complex, solid dispersion, cocrystals, osmotic pump, liquisolid compacts, micronization, self-microemulsifying, nanosuspensions, lipsomes, polymeric micelles and so on, and summarized the theory, characteristics, application range, application examples, problems and development direction of each technique.
Administration, Oral ; Biological Availability ; Biological Products ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends ; Water

Objective To investigate the ability of social cognition in patients with right temporal lobe infarction.Methods Fifteen patients with temporal lobe infarction (TLI) and 20 healthy controls (HC) were examined with the recognition of faux pas and reading the mind in the eyes tasks for assessing the ability of social cognition.Results The TLI group performed significantly worse when compared with the HC group (28.6 ± 6.1,36.4 ± 4.3 respectively) as revealed in the total faux pas-related scores (U =41.00,P ＜0.01).For the control question,there was no significant difference between the TLI group and the HC group (9.86 ±0.35,10.00 ± 0.00 ; U =130.00,P =0.097).In the reading the mind in the eyes task,patients with TLI performed worse than the HC group(17.13 ±6.41,29.75 ±2.07 respectively),and the difference had statistical significance (U =0.00,P ＜ 0.01).But there was no significant difference in gender recognition judgment (30.37 ± 1.16,31.35 ± 1.08 respectively; U =106.00,P =0.129).Conclusions The right temporal lobe involves in social cognition.Moreover,the right temporal lobe not only involves in the verbal related social cognitive processing,but also involves in the no-verbal related social cognitive processing.