OBJECTIVE:To put forward proposals for governments on how to properly regulate drug market.METHODS:The theory of price elasticity in economics was applied for the analysis.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:With the increasing of national income year by year,the cases for high price drugs to expel low price drugs has become increasingly common.The government policies should be based on the development of pharmaceutical industry,meanwhile government should take mild policy to ease the contradictions arose from the development.

The effect of trichosanthin on mast cell degranulation and histamine release were observed with both Alcian blue staining method and fluorescent histamine determination method. It was showed that, ① in vitro trichosanthin showed no direct effect on the mast cell degranulation and histamine release even in the presence of fresh serum; ② in vivo administration on of trichosanthin in mice could cause significant mast cell degranulation and histamine release in inflammatory situ, as shown by the decreased number of Alcian blue stained nondegranulated mast cell in the peritoneal cavities; ③ intra peritoneal injection of trichosanthin in Wistar rats could significantly increase histamine level in the whole blood, while inducing prominent exudation of protein into the peritoneal cavities; ④ the supernatant of peritoneal exudate lavaged 12 hours after trichosanthin injection could cause mast cell degranulation. These results implicate that, although it showed no direct effect on mast cells, trichosanthin could cause mast cell to degranulate and release histamine via in vivo activation of some soluble mast cell degranulating factors. It was discovered in further study that the depletion of complement by cobra venom factor injection revealed no effect on the production of mast cell degranulation factor, suggesting that, in normal animals, the trichosanthininduced complement activation had no significant influence on the mast cell degranulation and histamine release.

Adult ; Decompression, Surgical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Femur Head Necrosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Young Adult

Objective: To compare the eradication rates of H. pylori infection between a new sequential treatment regimen and conventional triple therapy in functional dyspepsia patients, and to assess the symptom improvement of functional dyspepsia. Methods: One hundred and thirty functional dyspeptic patients with H. pylori infection were randomly divided into 2 groups. Patients in sequential treatment group received 10-day sequential therapy: omeprazole (40 mg daily) plus amoxicillin (1 g twice daily) for the first 5 days, followed by omeprazole (20 mg), clarithromycin (500 mg) and tinidazole (500 mg) twice daily for the another 5 days; patients in triple therapy group received standard 7-day treatment: omeprazole (20 mg), clarithromycin (500 mg) and amoxicillin (1 g) twice daily for 7 days. H. pylori statuses were assessed by rapid urease test and 14C-urea breath test at base line level 4 weeks and one year after treatment, and symptom scores in various H. pylori statuses were evaluated. Results: The eradication rates of H. pylori in the sequential treatment group was 83.58% (56/67) by intention-to-treat(TTI) analysis and 91.80% (56/61) by per-protocol (PP) analysis, and the numbers in the triple therapy group were 65.08% (41/63) and 69.49% (41/59), respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the sequential treatment group (P<0.05). The symptom scores of patients with H. pylori eradicated after treatment were 4.88±1.76 before treatment and 2.18±0.83 one year after treatment (P<0.05); the scores of patients whose H. pylori was not eradicated after treatment was 4.99±1.66 before treatment and 3.89±1.56 one year later; there was no significant difference between the 2 numbers. Conclusion: Sequential treatment regimen has a better H. pylori eradication effect for functional dyspepsia patients positive of H. pylori than standard triple therapy; the symptom of dyspepsia can be greatly improved after H. pylori eradication.

Homo sapiens PDCD10(programmed cell death 10,alias,"TF-1 cell apoptosis related gene 15,TFAR15"),cloned by means of cDNA-representational differences analysis,had been initially identified associated with cell apoptosis.Recent research suggested mutations within the PDCD10 gene or deletion were responsible for cerebral cavernous malformations,and PDCD10 was the third CCM gene.On the other hand,other research demonstrated that PDCD10 was strictly modulated and up regulated in many kinds of tumors,which implicated that PDCD10 participated in tumorous signal transduction.The recent research confirmed that PDCD10 interacts with MST4,a member of Ste20-related kinases,and the interaction promoted cell proliferation and transformation via modulation of the ERK-MARK pathway.In conclusion,all these demonstrate that PDCD10 has many biological effects,which suggests that it is a novel player in vascular morphogenesis and/or remodeling,as well as tumorigenesis and cancer progression.

Objective To explore the chronic effect of low levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD) exposure on the protein expression profile in the serum of rats and to get the further understanding of the molecular mechanism of TCDD toxicity.Methods Thirty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into three TCDD exposed groups treated with TCDD at the doses of 875,350 and 140 ng /kg by gavage,once a week,for 29 consecutive weeks respectively and one control group treated with single corn oil.The proteins in the serum were separated and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry,the histopathological examination of livers was performed at the same time.Results TCDD induced significant fatty degeneration and necrosis in the livers.Several interesting volume-altered protein spots were identified.Among these proteins,Bal-647 was down-regulated,apolipoprotein E was up-regulated by TCDD and fetuin-like protein was only expressed in the group of 875 ng/kg.Conclusion The differentially expressed proteins may contribute to a better understanding of the toxicity induced by TCDD and may be used as the biomarkers of effect for TCDD exposure.

Objective To determine the median effective target effect-site concentration (EC50) of sufentanil when intraoperative wake-up test was successful in patients undergoing scoliosis surgery.Methods Ninety ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 18-64 yr,with body mass index ＜ 30 kg/m2,scheduled for scoliosis surgery under sevoflurane and sufentanil anesthesia,were randomly divided into Ⅰ-Ⅵ groups (n =15 each).Anesthesia was induced with sufentanil,etomidate and cisatracurium,and maintained with sevoflurane,sufentanil and cisatracurium.The patients were tracheal intubated and mechanically ventilated.Before the wake-up test,infusion of cisatracurium was stopped and the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was adjusted to 0.The EC50 was determined by the K(a)rber method.The target effect-site concentration of sufentanil was set at 0.19 ng/ml in group Ⅰ,0.18 ng/ml in group Ⅱ and gradually decreased in decrements of 0.01 ng/ml.The wake-up test was performed 5 min later.The EC50 and 95 ％ confidence interval of sufentanil were calculated by the K(a)rber method.Results EC50 of sufentanil obtained was 0.164 ng/ml and 95％ confidence interval of sufentanil obtained was 0.157-0.172 ng/ml when the wake-up test was successful.Conclusion The EC50 of sufentanil is 0.164 ng/ml when the intraoperative wake-up test is successful in the patients undergoing scoliosis surgery.

Objective To discuss the application effects of trinitarian visualization teaching model in endoscopy reprocessing teaching practice. Methods Subjects in the study were divided into the trinitarian visualization teaching group (n=40) and the traditional teaching group (n=43) by random number table method; Compliance and credibility rating of endoscope reprocessing procedures were compared between 2 groups. 2 weeks after training, objectives were examined and assessed by questionnaires separately. Results Compliance of the trinitarian visualization teaching group was higher than the traditional teaching group (χ2=10.501, P=0.033). The trinitarian visualization teaching group had a higher rating in compliance, with 47.47 credibility points, theory test (93.79 ± 3.81) points and 93.02%(40/43) of operation pass. The traditional teaching group had a credibility point of 43.68 credibility points, with theory test (85.25±3.14) points and 77.50%(31/40) of operation pass. Significant difference between the two groups were statistical significant (t=4.84 and 11.097, χ2=4.038,P<0.01 or 0.05). Conclusions The trinitarian visualization teaching model can be used to improve the reprocessing training quality, to save time and human resource and to reach the training demand.

Objective To compare the incidences of agitation and circulatory fluctuation in mechanically ventilated patients receiving different sedatives for daily arousal,and develop a safe sedation strategy.Methods Ninety four patients in ICU,who received mechanical ventilation over 24 hours,were selected from five clinical centers.Based on the analgesia with continuous pumping of fentanyl,patients were randomly given midazolam(M group),propofol(P group)or sequential midazolam-propofol(M-P group)for sedation.The depth of sedation was maintained within SAS 2-4 by close monitoring.The administration of all sedatives and analgesics was terminated at 9:00 am till patients were fully waked up.The incidence of agitation,blood pressure,heart rate fluctuation,patients' arousal time,and their recollection to actual mechanical ventilation events after been transferred out of ICU were investigated.Results The mean SAS scores showed no difference in each group.The arousal time was significantly longer in group M than that in other two groups(P

Objectives To analyze a rare autosomal recessive disease, aggrecan type spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD), which was caused by ACAN gene mutations. Methods A 7 years old girl was diagnosed with short stature after excluding growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic short stature, and hypothyroidism. Combining family history and clinical features, SEMD were suspected and genetic tests were performed. Results The patient was found with homozygous mutations of c.512C > T inACAN gene, and was diagnosed with aggrecan type SEMD. Her parents were found to be heterozygous mutation carrier. Conclusions In patients with high suspection of a special type of short stature, early genetic tests should be carried out for a clear diagnosis.