The efficacy material base of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) is those constituents absorbed in blood and show the efficacy of TCMs after oral administration of a TCM formula. In TCM, formula consisted of more than one herbal drug is the clinical medication form which corresponding to TCM syndrome. The efficacy material base of TCMs had to be found in the condition of compatibility and efficacy of TCM formula. Therefore we take the biological characters of TCM syndrome as a research starting point, taking formula as object, through the integration of serum pharmacochemistry of TCM methods and metabolomics technologies, establish a system research methodology of the efficacy material basis in vivo--Chinmedomics. The use of metabolomics technology is used to fully understand nature biology on syndromes or disease, identify biomarkers for disease to bridging disease animal model, establishing the biological evaluation system of traditional Chinese medicine. On the basis of the validity of the premise, the use of serum pharmacochemistry of TCM to analysis in vivo directly substance after oral prescription and dynamic law, combined with changes law of the endogenous disease biomarkers (pharmacodynamic markers of TCM), Though establishing two variable correlation analysis method between Chinese chemical compositions in serum exogenous and endogenous biomarkers, to extract TCM compositions highly correlated with the endogenous marker as potential basis for traditional Chinese medicines, and to biological validation to determine the efficacy material basis of TCM.
Animals ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Drug Evaluation ; methods ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Metabolomics ; Phytotherapy

Objective To analyze clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors of the patients with invasive lobular carcinoma of breast. Methods Clinical data of 125 patients with invasive lobular carcinoma of breast treated at Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 2008, were analyzed. The clinical characteristics, recurrence and survival of the patients were summarized. Results Median age of 125 patients was 45 years old (range, 27 to 76 years old). The patients with large tumor mass (≥ 3cm), positive local lymph node, more than Ⅱ stage and positive hormone receptor at diagnosis were 77 cases(61.6 %), 64 cases(51.2 %), 101 cases(80.8 %) and 112 cases(89.6 %), respectively. The median time of follow-up was 58 months (range, 11-222 months). Of the 125 patients, 32 had local recurrence and metastasis, and 18 died. The 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates were 82.2 % and 87.3 %, respectively. Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that whether endocrine therapy or not was only a prognostic factor of patients with invasive lobular carcinoma of breast. Conclusion There is no difference in media age of patients with invasive lobular carcinoma of breast at diagnosis from other pathologic type of breast cancer. These patients are usually with larger tumor masses, more lymph node metastasis and a higher proportion of positive hormone receptor. The prognosis of patients is not affected by clinicopathologic parameters.

Objective: To analyze the quality of the first permanent molars pit and fissure sealant for school-aged children in Xi'an from 2010 to 2018, and to provide a reference for preventing dental caries. Methods: A total of 5 871 children were selected from different regions from 2010 to 2018 by cluster random sampling method for the quality inspection of pit and fissure sealant. Results: The quality of pit and fissure sealant has been improved by year in Xi'an ( χ 2=1 326.39, P <0.01). The rate of intact sealant was 92.57% in 2018. The quality of project and reservation rate in rural areas(64.23%, 76.83%) were worse than those in urban (84.17%, 90.80%) and suburban areas(84.21%, 91.88%)( χ 2=310.58, 296.52, P <0.01); The quality of pit and fissure sealant was highest in tertiary hospitals(87.28%, 91.07%), followed by private hospitals(84.60%, 91.43%), primary hospitals(84.42%, 92.02%), secondary hospitals(72.79%, 84.45%)( P <0.01). Conclusion The quality of pit and fissure sealant in Xi'an reached the national requirement, but there is obvious gap between town and country, the quality of project varied substantially across medical institutions .Training and supervision should be strengthened in the future work.

BACKGROUND: Embryonic pancreatic tissue is characterized by its abundance, potent in proliferation & differentiation, and minimal immunological rejection. It is widely considered as potential pancreatic endocrinological stem cells resource for treating diabetes mellitus.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the embryonic mouse pancreatic tissue isolation technique and observe the recipients' blood glucose regulatory effects of the grafted embryonic pancreas in an experimental diabetes mellitus mouse model.METHODS: Pancreatic tissue from C57B1/6 mouse embryos at embryonic days 11.5-16.5 was isolated under the stereomicroscope. C57BL/6 mouse models of streptozocin-induced diabetes mellitus were established and then randomly divided into two groups: transplantation group, in which, five pieces of pancreatic tissue of mice at embryonic 16.5 days were transplanted into mouse renal capsule, and sham-operated control group, in which, 0.05 mL RPMI1640 culture medium was injected into mouse renal capsule. When blood glucose level of the transplantation group mouse was≤ 11.2 mmol/L, the endocrine function of embryonic pancreatic tissue transplanted was detected by IPGTT and IPITT methods and then the transplanted graft was removed for observing the blood glucose relapse.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nearly intact pancreatic tissue of mice at embryonic days 11.5-16.5 could be isolated through the use of stereomicroscope. Pancreatic tissue morphology and color of mice ≤ embryonic 12.5 days were difficultly distinguished from adjacent tissue and they could only be isolated carefully according to the relationship with adjacent organs. Pancreatic tissue of mice > embryonic 12.5 days exhibited initial endocrinological tissue morphology mimic white cauliflower. Histological and ELISA examinations showed that embryonic pancreatic tissue could express and secrete insulin and the insulin level was gradually increased with developmental time. Embryonic pancreatic tissue could grow beneath the recipient renal capsule. The insulin and glucagon expression in the post-transplantational pancreatic tissue graft was increased compared with prior to transplantation. These results suggest that pancreatic tissue is a potential stem cell resource for treating the diabetes mellitus.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of coronary's pathological changes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Methods Four-hundred and ninety patients who were suspected with ischemic chest pain were divided into three groups according to their OGTT results: (1) IGT group: n = 161,(2) 12DM group:n = 159, (3) NGT group: n = 170. Serum levels of triglyceride (TG) , total cholesterol (TC) , highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high sensitive Creactive protein (hs-CRP) were detected, their body mass indexes (BMI) were calculated. General clinical information (including gender, age, history of smoking, history of hypertension) were collected. All the CAG results were analyzed and Gensini scores were assessed as well. Results The TG levels in the T2DM group and IGT group ([2. 41 ± 1.70] mmol/L and [2. 26 ± 1. 20] mmol/L) were significantly higher than that of the NGT group (1.95 ± 1.14) mmol/L, the differences were significant (t=0.4610,0.3124, P<0. 01 and 0.05,respectively),whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2DM group (P >0.05);No significant difference was found among the three groups about TC, HDL-C, LDL-C levels (either P > 0.05). The levels of hs-CRP in T2DM group ([2. 38 ± 1. 76] mg/L and IGT group [2. 33 ± 2. 03] mg/L) were higher compared with the NGT group ([1. 54 ± 1. 32] mg/L), the differences were significant (t = 0. 8391,0. 7815, Ps < 0. 01), whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2 DM group (P >0.05). BMIs of the IGT group ([25.50 ± 3.04]kg/m2) and T2DM group ([26.09 ± 2.86]kg/m2) were higher than that of the NGT group ([24. 70 ± 3. 27] kg/m2), the differences were significant (t = 0. 8063,1. 3947, P<0. 05 and <0.01, respectively),whereas no significant difference was found between the T2DM group and IGT group (P > 0. 05). The incidence of single coronary pathological changes was 44.7% in the NGT group,it was higher than that of the IGT group (23. 6%) and T2DM group (18. 9%) (x2 = 16. 310,25. 116,Ps < 0. 05), whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group' and T2DM group (P > 0. 05);The incidences of 2 branches pathological changes in the T2DM group (37. 1%) and IGT group (39. 8%) were higher compared with NGT group (23. 5%) ,the differences were significant (x2 =1. 200,10. 099,Ps <0. 05),whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2DM group (P >0. 05) ;The incidences of 3 vessels pathological changes in the T2DM group (40.9%) and IGT group (33. 5%) were higher than that of the NGT group (20. 0%) , the differences were significant (x2 = 7. 767,17. 028, Ps < 0.05), there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2DM group (P > 0. 05). The incidence of subtotal or total occlusion of the T2DM group and IGT group were 22. 6% and 18.0% respectively,both were higher than that of the NGT group(7. 6%) (x2 = 14. 573,8. 019 ,Pa < 0.05) , whereas no significant difference was found between the T2DM group and IGT group (P > 0. 05). The incidences of vascular diffusing pathological change in the IGT group (24. 8%) and T2DM group (30. 8%) were higher compared with the NGT group (12.4%) (x2 =8.583,16.724, Ps < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2DM group (P >0.05). The Gensini scores in the IGT group (55. 05 ± 22. 99) and T2DM group(56. 15 ± 24. 87) were significnatly higher than that of the NGT group (38. 03 ± 17. 38), the differences were significant ((t =17.0142,18. 1186,Ps <0.01),whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2DM group (P>0.05). Conclusion The incidences of 2 and 3 vessels pathological changes increase significantly in patients with IGT. Moreover, the incidences of occlusion and diffuse stenosis increase significantly. This is similar to the coronary artery pathological charactersitics in patients with diabetes, which indicates that IGT is closely related to the pathological severity of coronary artery. We should pay much attention to those patients with IGT in the clinical work.

Gene chip is a research tool on molecular biology which can detect generous gene expression rapidly.The studies on gene chip of leiomyoma have revealed the changes of gene expression related to cell growth,proliferation,apoptosis,metabolism,angiogenesis,formation of extracellular matrix,cell differentiation and immunity.The article reviews the advance on gene chip of leiomyoma and approaches the pathogenesis of leiomyoma on molecular level.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Altitude ; Exercise ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Placebos ; Tyrosine ; pharmacology ; Young Adult

Ascites ; complications ; etiology ; Heart Failure ; complications ; etiology ; Hemochromatosis ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Middle Aged

Objective To investigate the clinical and molecular epidemiologic features of human rhinovirus (HRV) in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in Shanghai by detecting HRV from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) .Methods One hundred and thirty-five BALF samples were collected from children with ALRTI at Children′s Hospital of Fudan University from January to June in 2014 . The specimens were tested by one-step real-time reversible transcription (RT )-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HRV .Gene fragments of VP4/VP2 capsid protein of the HRV genome were amplified and sequenced .The phylogenetic trees of HRV strains were drawn .Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis .Result Among these 135 samples ,6(4 .4% ) were HRV positive , including 4 positive for HRV-A and 2 positive for unknown genotype .The age of children with HRV positive was 8 months to 8 years ,including 5 cases ≤ 3 years old .The nucleotide homology within 4 HRV-A samples varied 76 .5% -100 .0% .These 4 HRV-A sequences were respectively compared with reference strains of HRV-A ,HRV-B and HRV-C in GenBank .The nucleotide homology varied 73 .1% -91 .7% ,57 .8% -66 .0% and 59 .0% -65 .0% ,respectively .Among 135 children with ALRTI ,124 were diagnosed with ordinary pneumonia including 4 (3 .2% ,4/124) HRV positive and 11 were diagnosed with severe pneumonia (with respiratory failure and/or heart failure) including 2 HRV positive .All children with HRV presented with fever and cough .Most of them (5/6) were co-infected with other pathogens .In 5 children with HRV positive ,the peripheral blood leukocyte counts were less than 10 × 109/L , neutrophil percentages were less than 0 .50 ,C-reactive protein was less than 8 mg/L and procalcitonin was less than 0 .05 μg/L .All the children were clinically cured .Conclusions The detection of HRV in BALF samples indicates that HRV is one of the pathogens in children with ALRTI in Shanghai and HRV-A is more common .Gene fragments of VP4/VP2 capsid protein of HRV pathogenic strains display a high degree of genetic variability .

This study was aimed to probe into the mechanism of moxibustion in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A total of 40 male 15-month-old SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group, model group, moxibustion group and sham-operation group. Stereotactic injection of agglutinated Aβ25-35 into rat’s bilateral hippocampus was used to prepare AD models. Equal amount of normal saline was injected to rat’s bilateral hippocampus in the sham-operation group. Model rats were treated by moxibustion at the distance of 2-3 cm above points of‘BL23-Shenshu’, ‘ST36-Zusanli’ and ‘GV20-Baihui’. No intervention was given to rats in the normal group. The learning and memory ability was detected by Morris water maze test. Changes on expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 of hippocampus zone were detected by immunohistochemical method. The results showed that in the model group, the average escape latency of five days and the last three days were significantly lengthened. And the times across the platform position were significantly reduced. Compared with the normal group and the sham-operation group, expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 in the hippocampus were significantly increased, and the expression of Bcl-2 was obviously decreased (P < 0.01). In the moxibustion group, the average escape latency of five days and the last three days were shortened obviously, and the times across the platform position were significantly increased. Compared with the model group, expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 were significantly reduced, and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly increased (P < 0.01). It was concluded that the action mechanism of AD treatment with moxibustion may be through the reducing of proapoptotic protein Bax and Caspase-3 releasing, promoting the releasing of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, so as to improve the learning and memory impairment caused by Aβ.