Using the complete genome of Plasmodiumfalciparum 3D7 which has 14 chromosomes as an example, we have examined the distribution functions for the amount of C or G and A or T consecutively and non-overlapping blocks of m bases in this system. The function P(S) about the number of the consecutive C-G or A-T content cluster conforms to the relation P(S)oce-as;values of the scaling exponent αCG are much larger than αAT; and αAT of 14 chromosomes are hardly changed, whereas αCG of 14chromosomes have a number of fluctuations. We found maximum value of A-T cluster size is much larger than C-G, which implies the existence of large A-T cluster. Our study of the width function ξ(m) of cluster C-G content showed that follows good power law ξ(m)ocm-γ. The average γ for 14 chromosomes is 0.931. These investigations provide some insight into the nucleotide clusters of DNA sequences, and help us understand other properties of DNA sequences.

Objective To explore the early diagnosis, option of the surgical procedures, preven-tion and treatment of the complications in patients with pancreatic trauma.Methods All patients with pancreatic trauma during the past 20 years were studied retrospectively in respect of sex, age, cause of injury, grade by AAST, style of operation, therapeutic efficacy, complications and factors for death etc.Statistical analysis was made with Chi-square test.Results In all 148 cases of the present series, 132 underwent surgical interventions including simple suture or external drainage alone, distal pancre-atectomy, distal pancreaticojejunostomy or other internal drainage, diverticularization, Whipple's pro-cedure, and Damage Control Surgery (DCS) etc.Postoperative morbidity was 27.83% with a signifi-cant difference of the incidence of pancreatic fistula between pancreas grade Ⅲ-Ⅴ injuries and grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ(P＜0.01).The mortality rate was 11.49%.The cause of the deaths was mainly massive bleed-ing due to severe associated injuries(76.47%).Among various grades, the difference of the mortality was not significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion To improve the survival rate, it is important to control massive hemorrhage from associated injuries precedes dealing with pancreas trauma.Selection of surgi-cal procedures should be based on whether the main duct is injured.The removing of devitalized tis-sue, adequate external and internal drainage are essential for treatment of pancreatic injuries.Early recognition of pancreatic injury and correct choice of surgical procedures may obviously decrease the in-cidence of postoperative complications.

Objective To study bioactive metabolite produced by marine actinomyces M326.Methods Based on the index of antimicrobial activity,the relation between activity of metabolite and conditions of culture in different media and time were researched,and the stability of bioactive metabolite treated with different temperatures and pH were obseved,and the bioactive ingredients were extracted and separated by organic solvent and by macroporous resin.Results The GBP medium made by artificial seawater or distilled water were suitable for production of strong bioactive metabolites.The antimicrobial substances were stable under pH 2～11 and were heat-resistant under strong acidic condition.It could not be extracted by usual organic solvent,but could be absorbed by AB-8 macroporous resin under alkaline situation.Conclusion The metabolites have strong activity against gram-positive bacteria and have different antimicrobial activities against gram-negative bacteria and drug-resistant strains moreover,the polarity of antimicrobial substances is strong.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of acupuncture combined with training of the modified rehabilitation apparatus on upper limb motor function of patients with ischemic stroke.Methods86 patients with ischemic stroke were divided randomly into the treatment group ( treated by acupuncture combined with training of the rehabilitation apparatus) and the control group (treated by simple acupuncture). The upper limb motor function of two groups was evaluated by Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) before and after treatment.ResultsAfter 28 days treatment, scores of FMA of two groups were all raised significantly, but it was significantly greater for the treatment group than the control group (P<0.01).ConclusionIt is shown that acupuncture combined with training of the rehabilitation apparatus can improve the upper limb motor function and activity of daily living of patients with ischemic stroke.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of multiple-injuries of bone and joint in the belief that a better knowledge of such injuries may help their prevention and treatment. Methods A retrospective study was done on the data of 346 patients with multiple-injuries of bone and joint who had been ad- mitted to our department from January 2001 to December 2004. On the basis of CAI's classification, the following data were statistically analyzed: gender, age, cause of injury, injured part, number of injured parts, associated injuries and mortality. Results Of the 346 injured patients, there were 278 males and 68 females, with an av- erage age of 32.8 years (9months to 89 years). Two hundred and twenty-six cases resulted from traffic accidents, 65 from crush by a heavy object, and 52 from falling. There were 159 fractures of shaft of tibia and fibula, 96 fractures of femoral shaft, 87 fractures of shaft of ulna and radius, 58 fractures of ankle and foot, 57 chest injuries, 50 knee injuries, 50 hip injuries, 49 injuries at the pelvis region, 46 wrist and hand injuries, 36 injuries of shoulder, 36 skull fractures, 33 fractures of humeral shaft, 23 spinal fractures, and 17 elbow injuries. Two hundred and forty-two patients had two parts injured, 83 had three parts, 20 had four parts, and one had six parts. The average number of injured parts was 2.3. Two hundred and five patients suffered from close injuries, and 141 from open ones. The associated injuries included skull and brain injury in 51 cases, chest injury in 23, abdomen injury in five, urine system injury in three, nerve and vessel injury in 21, shock in 78, and fat embolism in six. Five patients died. Conclusions Male young people tend to be the majority of victims of multiple-injuries of bone and joint. Traffic accidents result in most of such injuries. Since multiple-injuries mostly involve lower limbs, they are easy to diagnose while the associated close injuries involving brain, chest, abdomen and pelvic are likely to be overlooked or misdiagnosed. Strengthening safety education and technical training of first aid is important to im- provement of treatment and to decrease of disability rate and mortality.

In order to identify Cimicifugae Rhizoma from its adulterants and to ensure its safe use, the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequence of Cimicifugae Rhizoma and its adulterants were amplified and bidirectionally sequenced by DNA barcoding technology. Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were performed by the CodonCode Aligner V3.7.1. The genetic distances were computed by MEGA 5.0. Identification analyses were performed using neighbor-joining (NJ) methods. The length of ITS2 sequence of the three origin plants of Cimicifugae Rhizoma include Cimicifuga heracleifolia, C. foetida, C. dahurica was 217, 219 and 219 bp, respectively. Their intraspecific genetic distance was much lower than the interspecific genetic distance with their closely related species. The NJ tree of ITS2 indicated that the three origin plants of Cimicifugae Rhizoma formed a monophyletic clade, Cimicifugae Rhizoma and its adulterants could be distinguished clearly. The authors proposed that ITS2 sequence was suitable for the authentication of Cimicifugae Rhizoma and its adulterants.
Base Sequence ; China ; Cimicifuga ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; classification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; classification ; genetics

The contamination of extrinsic harmful contaminants including mycotoxins, heavy metals and pesticides, etc, brings serious risks to traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), further to human health. Due to their unique photoluminescence, chemiluminescence, electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence properties, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) nanoparticles are widely used to immobilize bioprobes and biosensors, etc. In this review, the luminescence characteristics and specific ligands of QDs probles which are used to determine contaminants were summed up. Then, the applications of QDs-coated novel probes in the determination of mycotoxins, heavy metals and pesticides were discussed in detail. In addition, the contamination levels and characteristics of extrinsic harmful residues in TCMs were investigated. Further, the maximum levels of those contaminants in TCMs were compared with those set by various countries. Finally, the future development trends and problems of QDs-coated probes in the determination of those extrinsic residues in TCMs were prospected.
Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Nanotechnology ; instrumentation ; methods ; Quantum Dots ; Safety ; Time Factors

This study was purposed to investigate the effect of aminopeptidase N/CD13 on bestatin enhancing all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-inducing differentiation in NB4 cells. The nitroblue-tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay was performed to determine the differentiation of NB4 cells, MR2 cells and primary APL blasts. The expression of P38 MAPK protein and the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK protein in NB4, MR2 and K562 cells were detected by Western blot. The results showed that pre-incubation with 5 µg/ml WM-15 blocked the enhancement effect of bestatin on differentiation of NB4 cells induced by ATRA. 5 µg/ml CD13 antibody WM-15 partly blocked the inhibition of bestatin on the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK in NB4 cells. 100 µg/ml bestatin inhibited the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK in NB4 cells and MR2 cells in a time-dependent manner. 100 µg/ml bestatin had no effect on the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK in K562 cells with low level of CD13. Bestatin could not restore the sensitivity to ATRA in ATRA-resistant primary APL blasts and MR2 cells. It is concluded that aminopeptidase N/CD13 inhibitor bestatin may enhance the differentiation-inducing activity of ATRA through inhibiting the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK in NB4 cells mediated by the cell surface APN/CD13.
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; CD13 Antigens ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Leucine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; metabolism ; pathology ; Phosphorylation ; Tretinoin ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

Using the complete genome of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 which has 14 chromosomes as an example, we have examined the distribution functions for the amount of C or G and A or T consecutively and non-overlapping blocks of m bases in this system. The function P(S) about the number of the consecutive C-G or A-T content cluster conforms to the relation P(S) proportional, variante(-alphas); values of the scaling exponent alpha(CG) are much larger than alpha(AT); and alpha(AT) of 14 chromosomes are hardly changed, whereas alpha(CG) of 14 chromosomes have a number of fluctuations. We found maximum value of A-T cluster size is much larger than C-G, which implies the existence of large A-T cluster. Our study of the width function xi(m) of cluster C-G content showed that follows good power law xi(m) proportional, variantm(-gamma). The average gamma for 14 chromosomes is 0.931. These investigations provide some insight into the nucleotide clusters of DNA sequences, and help us understand other properties of DNA sequences.
Animals ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes ; genetics ; DNA, Protozoan ; genetics ; Genome, Protozoan ; Genomics ; Nucleotides ; genetics ; Plasmodium falciparum ; genetics

Objective To probe into the feasibility and efficacy of damage control surgery (DCS) in treating severe pelvic fracture combined with abdominal organ injuries.Methods A retrospective analysis was done on the clinical data of 39 patients with severe pelvic fractures combined with abdominal organ injuries treated by DCS from 1995 to 2010.Results Devascularization of internal iliac arteries was performed to treat massive hemorrhage in the 39 patients with severe pelvic fractures combined with abdominal organ injuries,including ligation of bilateral internal iliac arteries in 31 palients and angioembolization of bilateral internal iliac arteries in eight.Meanwhile,early pelvic external fixators were used in 31 patients.All patients received discriminating internal fixation after resuscitation in ICU.The overall mortality rate was 21％ (8/39),with average ISS of 41.6 points and with hemorrhagic shock and combined injury for the main causes of death.Complications occurred in seven patients including combined acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in three patients,thrombosis of right common iliac artery in one,subphernic abscesses in two,and deep infection of lower extremity in one,but all the complications were cured.Conclusions Reasonable and timely use of DCS can enhance the rescue survival rate of patients with severe pelvic fraclure combined with abdominal organ injuries.