OBJECTIVE: To introduce the type and biological properties of medical polymer vehicle materials, and to evaluate its application in anticancer drugs. METHODS: A computer-based on-line research was performed in China Journal Full-text Database and Pubmed database published from 1990 to 2009. The key words were "polymer, anticancer drug, carrier". Articles concerning biological properties of medical polymer vehicle materials and its application in anticancer drugs were included. Meta analysis and repetitive studies were excluded. RESULTS: Quality of articles was assessed, and a total of 24 articles were included. Biological properties of medical polymer vehicle materials and its application in anticancer drugs were summarized. Medical polymer vehicle materials are novel technique with the development of pharmacological study, biomaterial study and clinical medicine. Good biocompatibility, biodegradability, regulation of degradation rate and good workability of polymer materials provided convenience and possibility for innovation of pharmaceutical preparation. Structure of drug carrier material, elevation of drug-loading efficiency, in vivo distribution, biodegradation function and effects of degradation product on bodies deserved further investigations. The study focus of anticancer drug high polymer carrier lies in the search of carrier materials with strong choice and good outcomes. CONCLUSION: Medical polymer carrier materials can control drug release speed by dosage form changes, which induced a stable drug concentration in vivo. The medical polymer carrier materials also can send drugs to a certain part of the body by release system, which cannot affect other regions in the body.

Synergistic antitumor effects of HB (berberine alpha-hydroxy-beta-decanoylethyl sulfonate, houttuyn berberine) with HCPT (hydroxycamptothecine), and its correlative mechanism were studied in vitro. MTT assay was employed to determine the cytotoxicity of HB combined with HCPT in tumor cells culture in vitro, IC50 and combination index (CI value) were used to evaluate the synergistic effects. The supercoiled DNA relaxation mediated by topoisomerase I & II was measured by agarose gel electrophoresis assay, and influence of HB was detected. The results showed that HB could inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells (SGC-7901, SW1116 and SW480) in vitro, and the inhibition ratio was increased, IC50 was reduced when combining with HCPT. CI value of the two drugs was less than 1 in HepG2, SW480, SGC-7901 and SW1116 cells. The lowest value was 0.447, 0.626, 0.161 and 0.178 in these tumor cells, respectively, further indicating HB has synergistic action with HCPT on suppressing tumor proliferation. The agarose gel electrophoresis assay showed HB can inhibit topoisomerase I & II activity of SW480 cells at the concentration of 2.0-8.0 mg x L(-1). HCPT is a typical inhibitor of topoisomerase I , the synergistic action between HCPT and HB on suppressing tumor proliferation is perhaps related to the congenerous inhibition of topoisomerase.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects on health-related quality of life after short-segment pedicle fixation of thoracolumbar fractures without neurologic injury.

METHODSA total of 55 patients suffered from thoracolumbar fractures without neurological deficit from January 2007 to October 2010 were included in this retrospective study. Of the 55 patients, 35 were male and 20 were female. The mean age was (44.0±10.5) years old (ranged, 7 to 75). Preoperatively, the main clinical symptoms in patients were thoracolumbar pain without neurologic injury and the imaging findings mainly showed that the injured vertebra became wedging or flat with the loss of height. Three questionnaires (ODI, EQ-5D and SF-36) were applied to follow-up in this study.

RESULTSAll operations were successful and incisions got primary healing. The function of thoracolumbar spine fully or basiclly restored and postoperative imagings showed fractures healed without loose screws, broken screws or broken rods. The completion rates of all the queasionnaires were 100% while the mean follow-up period was 4.2 years (ranged, 3 to 6). The ODI scores were 25.8±18.7, which were statistically higher than those of the general population in our country (P<0.05). The EQ-5D index scores were 0.70, which were statistically lower than those of the normal Chinese population (P<0.05). Compared with the normal scores in our country, the scores of 8 items in the SF-36 questionnaire were obviously lower with significant difference (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONCompared with the normal Chinese population, it should be paid more attention to that the health-related quality of life in patients after short-segment pedicle fixation of thoracolumbar fractures without neurologic injury because of lower scores.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; psychology ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To study the expression of PTEN et al and their significance in T lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukaemia (T-LBL/ALL). Methods Seventy-six cases of T-LBL/ALL were studied by using immunohistochemistry (EnVision method) for CD3, CD7, CD10, CD20, CD23, CD43, CD45RO, CD99, TdT, MPO and PTEN. Follow-up was included. Results In the Seventy-six cases of T-LBL/ALL, the percentages of tumor cells expressing TdT, CD99, CD3, CD7, CD45RO and CD43 were 93.42%, 94.74%, 67.12%, 92.11%, 36.85%,and 51.33%, respectivly while MPO, CD20 and CD23 were all negative. The index of Ki-67 expression higher than 80 % was found in 27 and ≤80% in 49 cases. The expression of PTEN (64.47 %) in T-LBL/ALL was lower than that of in reactivated lymphoid tissue (100%, P<0.05). PTEN was reversely correlated with stage,Ki-67 expression and LDH level (P<0.05). CD3-positive cases were more than CD3-negative cases in abnormal LDH level (P<0.05). Follow-up data was obtained in 50 cases, ranging from 1 to 108 months. The overall survival rate was 35.8 %, with median survival time 330 days. No prognostic significance was found in the expression of PTEN, CD3, CD7, CD10, CD43, Ki-67 and CD45RO (P >0.05). Conclusion The antibodies of CD3,CD7, CD10, CD20, CD43, CD45RO, CD99, TdT, MPO and Ki-67 were very helpful for the diagnosis of T-LBL/ALL.Down-regulation of PTEN may play an important role on the development of T-LBL/ALL.

Aged ; Cross Reactions ; Female ; Heparin ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Factor 4 ; immunology ; Thrombocytopenia ; blood ; chemically induced ; immunology

Background Plasticity of visual system is one of the mechanisms of deprivation amblyopia.Our previous study showed that synapsin plays a role during visual developmental plasticity,and conventional protein kinase C-γ (cPKC-γ) probably is one of upstream kinases of synapsin.However,whether or how the cPKC-γ plays its effects on visual developmental plasticity is below understood.Objective This study was to investigate the dynamic expression of cPKC-γ in visual cortex of normal mice and explore the effects of abnormal visual experience on cPKC-γ expression.Methods The bilateral visual cortex tissues were obtained from 36 clean C57BL/6 mice at postnatal (P) 7,14,21,28,35,42 days respectively and 6 mice for each for the researching of cPKC-γ dynamical expression in visual cortex over aging.Other 24 C57BL/6 mice were randomized into developmental phase group and adult phase group,12 for each group.The monocular deprived (MD) models were established by suturing the upper and inferior eyelides in P14 mice for 14 days in 6 mice in the developmental phase group and 6 healthy mice served as controls,and MD models were established in the same way in 6 P60 mice in the adult phase group,and the same aged mice (6 mice) were used as controls.The mice were sacrificed and bilateral visual cortexes were obtained.The expression of cPKC-γ protein in the visual cortex was quantitatively detected using Western blot assay.The study protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Tongren Eye Hospital.The use and care of the experimental mice followed the ARVO Statement.Results The cPKC-γ protein was faintly expressed in visual cortex in normal P7 mice,with the related expressing level of (39.74± 11.22)％ and (40.78± 10.37)％ in the left and right cortex,respectively.The expressing level of cPKC-γ protein was gradually increased over aging,with the peak value of (138.68±15.73)％ and (138.47±23.48)％ in P21 mice.A significant difference was found in the expression of cPKC-γ protein in various ages of mice (Fage =57.174,P =0.000),and the expression of cPKC-γ protein was not significantly different between the left and right visual cortexses (Flateral =0.059,P =0.809).No significant differences were found in the expression of cPKC-γ protein on bilateral visual cortexes among the mice of the developmental phase group and adult phase group (Fage =1.798,P =0.159) or among the MD group and normal control group (Fgroup =0.104,P=0.749).Conclusions The dynamic expression of cPKC-γ in the visual cortex of normal mice presents a consistant tend with the aging and development of visual critical period.MD does not affect the expression of cPKC-γ protein in bilateral visual cortexes.Further researches should be performed in the activity of cPKC-γ protein in MD mice.

Background Intermittent exotropia is a type of strabismus that between latent extropia and manifest extropia.The assessment of fusional convergence/divergence is important for understanding control ability of exodeviation in children with intermittent exotropia.Objective This study was to analyze the correlations between fusional convergence/divergence and control ability of exodeviation in children with intermittent exotropia.Methods Sixty-three children with intermittent exotropia were recruited in Beijing Tongren Eye Centre from July 2013 to February 2014 under the informed consent of children and their parents.Angle of deviation was measured by wearing prism and covering method alternately.The control ability of exodeviation was evaluated and scored by the Revised Newcastle Control Score (RNCS),and fusional convergence and divergence were measured with 1 Δ-40Δ horizonal prisms and regulating targets.The correlations between the measured parameters of fusional convergence/divergence and control scores of exotropia were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis.Results The mean diopter of the right and left eyes was (-1.95 ± 1.63)D and (-2.01 ± 1.73)D,respectively,and the mean deviation angle for distantly and near was (36.67 ± 15.69) Δ and (38.25 ± 14.83) Δ,respectively,without significant differences between them (diopter:t =-0.13,P＞0.05;deviation angle:t =-0.57,P＞0.05).Considerably negative correlations were found between the breakpoints of fusional convergence for distant or near and control scores of exodeviation (rs =-0.41,P=0.03;rs =-0.56,P＜0.01).No significant correlations were found between the breakpoints of fusional divergence for distantly or near and control scores of exodeviation (rs =0.05,P =0.78;rs =0.04,P ＜0.75).In addtion,there was no significant correlation between fusional recovery level and control scores (both at P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Breakpoints of fusional convergence may be useful in grading the severity of intermittent exotropia in children,and it is probably one of the surgical indications of intermittent exotropia.

Objective To investigate the significance and expression of PTEN, MLL in T lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukaemia(T-LBL/ALL). Methods Seventy-six cases of T-LBL/ALL were studied by using immunohistochemical EnVision method for PTEN. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) for MLL gene (located on chromosome 11q23) was performed to detect its breakage and amplification. Results Among the 76 cases ofT- LBL/ALL, the positive rate of PTEN was 64.47 % (49/76), lower than that in reactivated lymphoid tissue (100 %, 20/20) (λ2= 19.220, P ＜0.05). PTEN expression was reversely correlated to theclinical stage, Ki-67 index and LDH level (P ＜0.05). Among the 76 cases, MLL gene with breakage of 11q23 was detected in 13 cases (17.11%), and amplification in 18 cases (23.68 %). Survival rate ot MLL gene breakage group was lower than that of non-breakage group (25.0 %, 43.6 %). Survival rate of MLL gene amplification group was lower than that of non-amplification group too (17.1%, 42.7 %). Both of breakage and amplification were related to prognosis ( λ 2 = 11.357, λ 2 = 4.533; P ＜0.05). Conclusion Anti-oncogene PTEN down-regulation may play an important role on the development and proceeding of T-LBL/ALL. MLL gene with breakage and amplification of 11q23 are helpful to predict prognosis of T-LBL/ALL. The case with MLL gene breakage and amplification of T-LBL/ALL may have a poor prognosis. It hints this group maybe a subtype of T-LBL/ALL.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of low level laser irradiation (LLLI) on cerebral infraction combined with hypertension.Methods Two groups were divided, conventional treatment group and laser irradiation combined with conventional treatment group.LLLI (650 nm, 20 mW, 20 min, twice a day, two weeks therapy) was used by extravascular way in addition to conventional treatment, while control group employed conventional treatment only.Whole blood viscosity, plasma blood pressure, lipid and neurological function were assessed by comparing the index of the two groups.Results Whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, whole blood high shear reductive viscosity, hematokit (HTC), erythrocyte deformation index, erythrocyte rigidity index, fibrinogen and blood lipid level of both groups decreased and the decrease of the testing group was more significant than that of control group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Neurological deficit score an blood pressure of both groups showed significant decrease (P＜0.05), and the decrease in blood pressure of testing group was significant than that of the control group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusions 650 nm extravascular LLLI may be effective in treatment of cerebral infraction combined with hypertension, and has a good application prospect.

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that nanosilver-containing biomaterials produce bad biological effects after they directly contact with or are implanted into human body.OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether nanosilver yields potential adverse biological effects on human body and to evaluate its bioiogical safety.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An animal experiment observation was performed at the Medical Device Center of National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products from June 2005 to August 2006.MATERIALS: Nanosilver particles and microsilver particles were purchased from Sigma Company, USA.METHODS: Thirty rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 5 male and 5 female rats per group: nanosilver, microsilver, and blank control. Nanosilver and microsilver particles were respectively and subcutaneously implanted for subchronic toxicity test.The nanosilver and microsilver groups were given 0.33 g/kg nanosilver and microsilver, respectively. Rats from the blank control group received identical procedure, with the exception of drug application. Four rats were selected from each group for determination of silver content in serum and some organs by plasma mass spectrometry.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: serum biochemical indices, organ coefficient, and silver content.RESULTS: There was significant difference in individual organ coefficient between each drug application group and blank control group. But no significant difference in absolute mass was found between each drug application and the blank control group.These findings suggested no clinical significance of organ coefficient. Other organ coefficients were in the normal range, and there was no significant difference between each drug application group and the blank control group. Patho-histological changes related to toxicity were not found. Rats from the nanosilver group did not show toxic reaction.CONCLUSION: Nanosilver produces potential adverse biological effects after implanted into human body.