OBJECTIVE To investigate clinical features and etiology of inhalation pneumonia.METHODS Totally 108 cases of inhalation pneumonia during from Jan 2000 to Dec 2005 were completely surveyed and analyzed. RESULTS There were underlying diseases and susceptible factors, and it was not typical in their clinical signs and symptoms.Totally 177 pathogens were isolated from sputa. There were 96 strains of Gram-negative bacilli (54.2%), 41 strains (23.2%) of Gram-positive cocci, and 40 strains (22.6%) of fungi. The 45 cases (41.7%) were with polyinfections, and 19 cases (17.6%) with double infections.CONCLUSIONS We should enhance diagnosis of inhalation pneumonia, make rational use of antibiotic, and take vigorous precautions against inhalation pneumonia.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relation of the anogenital distance (AGD) with cryptorchidism in male newborns.

METHODSThis study included 350 male infants delivered in two community hospitals between September 2013 and September 2014. Within 24 hours after birth, a pediatric surgeon measured the AGD of the neonates and determined whether they had cryptorchidism. According to the testicular position, we divided the undescended testes into three types: upper scrotal, inguinal, and non-palpable.

RESULTSTotally 39 cases of cryptorchidism were found in the 350 newborns. The AGD of the cryptorchidism infants was significantly shorter than that of the normal neonates ([2.01 ± 0.22] vs [2.35 ± 0.19] cm, P < 0.01), and statistically significant differences remained even when preterm and low birth-weight infants were excluded ([2.32 ± 0.14] vs [2.06 ± 0.19] cm; (2.37 ± 0.17) cm vs (2.12 ± 0.12) cm, all P < 0.01). The newborns with higher-position cryptorchidism had a shorter AGD, though with no significant difference (F = 0.434, P > 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the AGD between unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism ([1.96 ± 0.13] vs [2.02 ± 0.17] cm, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONShorter AGD is associated with a higher incidence of cryptorchidism in male newborns. AGD could serve as a potential biomarker for disruption of androgen action during the male programming window period.

Androgens ; physiology ; Cryptorchidism ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Perineum ; abnormalities

Objective To compare the effect of continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB) with patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) on pain relief,rehabilitation efficacy,satisfaction degree following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in an attempt to find a safe and effective analgesia at the stage of rehabilitation.Methods The records of 116 patients undergone unilateral TKA for osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis of the knee were evaluated.The patients with preoperative American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score of 1 to 3 were randomized into CFNB group (58 cases) and PCIA group (58 cases) according to the random number table.Both operations were performed under ultrasound guidance.Postoperative visual analogue score (VAS),knee function,incidence of adverse reaction,and satisfaction degree were compared between the two groups.Results Regardless of the score at postoperative 4 and 12 hours,VAS between CFNB and PCIA groups revealed significant differences at postoperative 24 [(3.2±1.1)pointsvs (4.1 ±1.5)points],48 [(3.4±1.2)pointsvs (4.1 ±1.0) points] and 72 hours [(3.3 ± 1.2) points vs (4.0 ± 1.1) points] (all P ＜ 0.05).Time to achieve knee rehabilitation training objectives like straight leg raise,walking with crutches,and passive bending to 90° were similar between the two groups.Both groups achieved comparable knee function status with respect to Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score,Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score,and maximal knee flexion angle at postoperative 3 months.Postoperative nausea and vomit were significantly more frequent in PCIA group (24％) than in CFNB group (14％) (all P ＜O.05),but patients in both groups were satisfactory.Conclusion Ultrasound guided CFNB is an effective analgesic method during the early stage of TKA,for it can control pain,accelerate rehabilitation training and function recovery,reduce adverse reaction as well as improve patients' satisfaction.

Aim To establish a HPLC method for de-termining cimifugin in rat plasma and investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of cimifugin in rats. Methods The plasma concentration of cimifugin was detected by HPLC in acetonitrile protein precipitation method after intragastric administration of cimifugin. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by the procedure of DAS 2 . 1 . Results The regression equa-tion of cimifugin in rats plasma was Y =0. 187 X -0. 0236 (R2 =0. 998 2),which shows a good linear re-lation at 1 - 70 mg · L-1 . The concentration-time curves conformed to two-compartment model. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of Tmax, Cmax, T1/2α, T1/2z, Vd ,AUC(0-t) and AUC(0-∞) were 80 min, 10. 359 mg ·L-1 , 93. 131 min, 2. 179 L · kg-1 , 1946. 085 mg ·L-1 · min, 2138. 57 mg · L-1 · min, respectively. Conclusions We established a HPLC method to de-termine the concentration of cimifugin in plasma. The method is so highly specified and sensitive that it can be used in quantitative analysis in vivo on cimifugin. Cimifugin can be rapidly absorbed, reach the highest concentration and produce effect.

Objective To explore the activity and its possible neural mechanism of brain default mode network by using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods The 20 amnestic MCI patients and 25 healthy controls were included in this study, and all subjects underwent mini-mental state examination (MMSE), auditory verbal learning test (AVLT) and fMRI. The data were analyzed by amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF), and the enhanced and weakened regions of ALFF were observed and compared in both MCI patients and healthy controls. Results MMSE and AVLT tests showed that the memory function was seriously impaired in MCI patients compared with healthy controls, which is based on the short and long delayed episodic memory impairment (2.4±1.7 vs. 6.6±1.4, t=3.70, P＜0.01; 2.1±1.6 vs. 6.7±1.5, t=4.16, P＜0.01). The resting state fMRI showed that MCI patients had significant decreases of ALFF in hippocampal formation, parahippocampal cortex and lateral temporal cortex as compared with health controls (t=2.58, 2.43 and 1.75, all P＜0.01), which were closely relevant to the episodic memory. And they had significant increases in temporal-parietal joint and inferior parietal lobule (t=3.14 and 2.77, both P＜0.01). Conclusions MCI patients show significant decreased active intensity of some DMN nodes that is related to episodic memory in resting state. Increased active intensity in MCI patients would be some type of compensation.

Objective To study the method of using phantom test for daily quality assurance of on board image(OBI) system. Methods The routine procedures of radiotherapy, including CT simulation, planning,setup,cone beam CT(CBCT) scan and kilovolt X-ray orthogonal film were carried out on a head phantom. The procedures repeated once a day in the following 10 days. The geometric errors of the phantom were recorded. Results The geometric errors of the phantom by CBCT were [0.06±0.11] cm, [0.03±0.05] cm, [0.07±0.07] cm and [0.03±0.10] cm in longitudinal, vertical, lateral and rotation directions, respectively. The geometric errors of the phantom by kilovolt X-ray orthogonal film were [ 0.04±0.10] cm, [0.03±0.05] cm, [0.08±0.06] cm and [0.05±0.05] cm, respectively. The differences of geometric errors of the phantom by CBCT and kilovolt X-ray orthogonal film were not significant(t = 0.44,P=0.667 in longitudinal direction ; t=0.00, P=1.060 in vertical direction ; t=0.34, P=0.735 in lateral direction; t=0.58,P=0.568 in rotation direction). Conclusions The OBI system of our accelerator is reliable and at excellent performance status. The method by using phantom test for the daily quality assurance of OBI system is easy and reliable.

OBJECTTo establish a method for the content determination of zotarolimus on the drug eluting stents.

METHODSHPLC analysis was carried out with Zorbax Eclipse C8 column (4.6 x 75 mm 3.5 microm)and MPA acetate buffer solution: acetonitrile (51:49), MPB acetate buffer solution: acetonitrile (5:95) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 278 nm.

RESULTThere was a good linear relationship between the concentration of zotarolimus and the areas in the range of 5 microg/ml-75 microg/ml (r = 0.99986). The average recovery was 101.58% with RSD 0.68% (n = 6).

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, accurate and reproducible. It can be used as the quality test for zotarolimus on the drug eluting stents.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Sirolimus ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis

Adult ; Bronchi ; pathology ; Foreign Bodies ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Neck Injuries ; etiology ; Trachea ; injuries

Referring to the rules for agricultural seed testing (GB /T 3543-1995) issued by China, the test of sampling, seed purity, weight per 1 000 seeds, seed moisture, seed viability and germination rate had been studied for screening seed quality test methods of Pesudostellaria heterophylla. The seed quality from different collection areas was measured. The results showed that at least 6.5 g seeds should be sampled and passed through 10-mesh sieve for purity analysis. The weight of 1 000 seeds was determined by using the 500-seed method. The phenotypic observation and size measurement were used for authenticity testing. The seed moisture was determined under the higher temperature (130 ± 2) degrees C for 5 hours. The seeds were dipped into 0.2% TTC sustaining 1 hour at 40 degrees C, then the viability could be determined. The break dormancy seeds were cultured on sand at 10 degrees C. K cluster analysis was applied for the data analysis, the seed quality from different collection areas grading of P. Heterophylla was described as three grades. The seed quality of each grade should reach following requirements: for first grade seeds, germination rate ≥ 86%, 1 000-grain weight ≥ 2.59 g, purity ≥ 87%, moisture ≤ 13.1%; for second grade seeds, germination rate ≥ 70%, 1 000-grain weight ≥ 2.40 g, purity ≥ 77%, moisture ≤ 14.3%; for third grade seeds, germination rate ≥ 41%, 1 000-grain weight ≥ 2.29 g, purity ≥ 76%, moisture ≤ 15.8%. The seed testing methods for quality items of P. heterophylla had been initially established, as well as the primary P. heterophylla seed quality classification standard.
Caryophyllaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Germination ; Quality Control ; Seeds ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Water ; analysis

Objective To evaluate the eff ec t of snail control with niclosamide ethanolamine salt dustable powder (DP) in th e marshland of the Yangtze River ahead of the schedule in spring, and to underst and the impact of the low temperature to molluscicidal effect of the dusting. Methods The snail control test with niclosamide ethanolamine salt dustable powder was carried out under different te mperatures in laboratory. Then the snail control was undertaken in the marshland of the Yangtze River ahead of the schedule in spring, and the molluscicidal ef fect was observed and the temperature changes were also considered. Results When the temperature was 15 ℃ and 25 ℃ respectively, there was no significant difference on the molluscicidal effec t of niclosamide ethanolamine salt DP in laboratory. The average atmosphere temp erature in each day was 8.9-16.3 ℃ from the last ten-day of March to the fir st ten-day of April in Nanjing regions. The corrected mortality of snails and the r educed rates of density of snails were 95.38% and 99.97% respectively on the s ur face of the soil in the marshland field. The corrected mortality and the reduced rates of density of snails were 79.30% and 70.59% respectively in the surface l ayer of the soil. Conclusion The impact of air t emperature is little to the molluscicidal effect of niclosamide ethanolamine sal t DP when the average atmosphere temperature in each day was 10-15 ℃ in the ma r shland of the Yangtze River. If the snail control is undertaken ahead of the sch edule in spring, the reproduction of snails will be suppressed and the infection of Schistosma japonicum will be controlled. [