BackgroundMonitoring the blood concentrations of antipsychotic drugs and their metabolites can guide the adjustment of clinical treatment plans， improving therapeutic efficacy while reducing adverse effects. However， there is currently a lack of a method that can accurately and efficiently quantitatively detect multiple antipsychotic drugs and their metabolites. ObjectiveTo establish a ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） method for the simultaneous identification and quantitation of 12 antipsychotic drugs and their main metabolites in human serum. MethodsUsing UPLC-MS/MS technology， protein precipitation method was employed for sample pretreatment. An Agela Technologies Durashell C₈ chromatographic column （50 mm×3.0 mm， 5 μm） was selected for chromatographic separation with gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min， and the total analysis time was 5 minutes. The column temperature was 40℃. The mass spectrometry detection was carried out in the multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode， and the isotope internal standard method was used for quantification. ResultsThe relative standard deviation （RSD） of the internal standard normalization matrix effect factor for 12 antipsychotic drugs and their main metabolites at low and high quality concentrations was all less than 15%. The extraction recovery rate was 85% to 115%. They showed good linear relationships within their respective standard curve ranges （r>0.995）. At low， medium， and high quality concentrations， the accuracy was 85.24% to 114.71%， and the RSD of intra-batch and inter-batch precision was all ≤14.15%， with good stability. ConclusionAll the analytical performance indicators of this method meet the verification requirements， providing an analytical means for the quantitative detection of antipsychotic drugs and their main metabolites in human serum. ［Funded by The Third Batch of Science and Technology Projects in Chaozhou City in 2023 （number， 202303GY02）］

In order to further standardize the vaccination of kidney transplant candidates and recipients in China, the Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association has organized experts in kidney transplantation and infectious diseases. Based on the "Vaccination of Solid Organ Transplant Candidates and Recipients: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice", and in combination with the clinical reality of infectious diseases and vaccination after organ transplantation in China, as well as referring to relevant recommendations from home and abroad in recent years, these guidelines are formulated from aspects such as epidemiology, types of vaccines, vaccination principles, target population, and specific vaccine administration. The "Guidelines for Vaccination of Kidney Transplant Candidates and Recipients in China" aims to provide theoretical reference for medical workers in the field of kidney transplantation in China, regarding the vaccination of kidney transplant candidates and recipients. It is expected to better guide the vaccination of kidney transplant candidates and recipients, reduce the risk of postoperative infection, and improve survival outcomes.

This study was analyzed the spatial-temporal distribution and aggregation characteristics of Yersinia pestispositive host animals and vector pathogens in marmot natural foci in the Qilian-Altun mountains,Gansu Province,to provide a scientific basis for precise plague prevention and control.Y.pestissurveillance data for marmot natural foci in Qilian-Altun Mountains of Gansu Province from 2014 to 2023 were obtained from the Disease Control and Prevention Center of Gansu Province.Origin 2024 software was used for data visualization and presentation.Global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses and trend analyses were conducted in ArcGIS 10.8 software,with townships as the spatial scale.Cumulatively,440 strains of Y.pestis were isolated from the natural marmot foci in the Qilian-Altun mountainsof Gansu Province from 2014 to 2023.Most strains was isolated from marmots(345 strains,78.41%),and the remainder were isolated from vectors.Temporal distribution analysis indicated that the highest number of detected bacteria was reported in July and August(both 121 strains,27.50%).Regional distribution analysis revealed that Aksai County reported the highest number of detected bacteria(255 strains,57.95%).Global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed a spatially clustered distribution of the number of bacteria detected annually in the townships containing natural foci,except in2014,2016,and 2021-2023.The strongest spatial clustering was observed in 2020(Moran's I=0.521 2,Z=14.397 0,P<0.001).Local spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated a"high-high"aggregation area in the natural foci every year from 2014 to 2023,primarily in Hongliuwan Town of Aksai County and Dangchengwan Town of Subei County.The distribution of the"low-low"aggregation area was essentially consistent with the low activity area of the Yersinia pestisepidemic.The trend in annual total bacterial count gradually increased from east to west,and peaked in the western part of the epidemic focus.Clear spatial aggregation characteristics of the number of Y.pestis were detected in the marmot natural foci in the Qilian-Altun mountains at the townshiplevel as a whole in Gansu Province from 2014 to 2023.The aggregation area was mainly in the western section of Qilian Mountain to the Altun mountain section of the epidemic source area.Monitoring and prevention and control efforts should be focused in this key area,with prevention and control measures tailored to the local conditions,and classified guidance to decrease the risk of plague occurrence and spread.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide and presents many treatment challenges,especially in relation to late-stage treatment and its high recurrence rate.Angiogenesis is a key process in the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer,and studies aimed at researching and developing anti-angiogenesis therapies are therefore important for the treatment of gastric cancer.Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles released by cells,which serve as important messengers for intercellular communication.They regulate local and distant cell communication by transporting specific exosomes components,and it can also promote or inhibit the development and progression of gastric cancer by regulating the growth,proliferation,and angiogenesis of tumor cells.Exosomes transport bioactive molecules from donor cells to recipient cells,leading to reprogramming of target cells and cascade molecular reactions.This review summarizes the relationship between exosomes and tumor angiogenesis in gastric cancer,and the current research status of exosomes in anti-angiogenic therapy.The importance of the physiological structure and function of exosomes in gastric cancer angiogenesis indicates the potential importance of combining exosomes with anti-angiogenic therapy for the treatment of gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the neuroprotective effects of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XFZYD) based on in vivo and metabolomics experiments. METHODS: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was induced via a controlled cortical impact (CCI) method. Thirty rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (10 for each): sham, CCI and XFZYD groups (9 g/kg). The administration was performed by intragastric administration for 3 days. Neurological functions tests, histology staining, coagulation and haemorheology assays, and Western blot were examined. Untargeted metabolomics was employed to identify metabolites. The key metabolite was validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: XFZYD significantly alleviated neurological dysfunction in CCI model rats (P<0.01) but had no impact on coagulation function. As evidenced by Evans blue and IgG staining, XFZYD effectively prevented blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption (P<0.05, P<0.01). Moreover, XFZYD not only increased the expression of collagen IV, occludin and zona occludens 1 but also decreased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which protected BBB integrity (all P<0.05). Nine potential metabolites were identified, and all of them were reversed by XFZYD. Adenosine was the most significantly altered metabolite related to BBB repair. XFZYD significantly reduced the level of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2) and increased adenosine (P<0.01), which may improve BBB integrity. CONCLUSIONS XFZYD ameliorates BBB disruption after TBI by decreasing the levels of MMP-9 and COX-2. Through further exploration via metabolomics, we found that XFZYD may exert a protective effect on BBB by regulating adenosine metabolism via ENT2.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism* ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/metabolism* ; Adenosine/metabolism* ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective To establish a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)method for the determination of ginsenoside Rh2(GRh2)in plasma of mice,so as to provide preclinical data support for the pharmacokinetic study and application of GRh2.Methods C57BL16 mice were given 7.5 mg/kg GRh2 by gavage.After administration,0.03 mL of whole blood was collected at 5 min,10 min,15 min,30 min,1 h,2 h,4 h,and 8 h.Then,the whole blood was centrifuged and the serum was treated with 0.1％formic acid acetonitrile,dried by nitrogen(40℃),and redissolved with 50.0 pL 50％methanol solution containing 100 ng/mL diclofenac sodium.After vortex mixing for 5 min at room temperature,it was put into the automatic sampler for sampling analysis.The chromatographic column was Waters BEHC18(2.1 mm × 50.0 mm,1.7 pm),the mobile phase was aqueous solution containing 0.1％formic acid and acetonitrile solution containing 0.1％formic acid at a flow rate of 0.60 mL/min,the column temperature was 40℃,and the injection volume was 1.00 pL.The electric spray ion source,positive ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring mode were performed.A standard curve was established to calculate blood drug concentration.The blood drug concentration-time curve was established according to the blood drug concentration,and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated.Results The linear range of the standard curve of drug containing plasma was 100-40 000 ng/mL,and the correlation coefficient(r)was 0.996 0.After internal standard normalization,the matrix effect factors of GRh2 were 1.09,1.06,and 1.00(between 0.8 and 1.2),indicating no significant matrix effect.The precision and accuracy results showed that the average measured concentration of GRh2 samples at each concentration level was 103,333,23 800 and 35 000 ng/mL,the inter batch standard deviation was 6.47-1 120 ng/mL,the inter batch relative standard deviation was 1.5％-8.3％,and the inter batch accuracy deviation was 93.3％-111.1％.The long-term stability,short-term stability,repeated freeze-thaw property,and extraction recovery rate of GRh2 were all good.The pharmacokinetic parameters Tmax and Cmax of GRh2 in mice were(1.42±1.01)h and(1 251±495)ng/mL,respectively,indicating that the absorption and utilization rate of GRh2 in vivo was high and GRh2 had good drug performance.Conclusion The established LC-MS/MS method is accurate and reliable,and can be used to determine the concentration of GRh2 in mouse plasma and study its pharmacokinetic.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the pathogenic factors of retrograde peri-implantitis (RPI) and assess the effectiveness of treatment, and to provide clinicians evidence for the prevention and treatment of RPI.Methods:A total of 2 731 patients with missing teeth (4 016 implants) who underwent implant restoration in the Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between January 2004 and December 2022 were included in the study. According to the diagnostic criteria of RPI, a total of 20 cases (23 implants) of RPI were collected, including 4 female (5 implants) and 16 male (18 implants), and the treatment medical records, intraoral photos and cone beam CT or oral panoramic radiographs records of each patient were collected. Each patient with RPI was treated accordingly and followed up regularly to evaluate its efficacy.Results:After treatment, the follow-up time for 20 patients with clinical symptoms of RPI was 13 (6, 40) months (1 month to 13 years), and the survival rate of the treated implants was 91% (21/23). There were 7 patients (8 implants) with inactive RPI, no clinical symptoms, no loosening of the implant, with normal occlusal load, and the disease was at the inactive stage and was not treated. The pulp vitality of the natural tooth adjacent to the implant was normal, and the implant could function normally. There were 13 patients (15 implants) with infected RPI, 1 patient (1 implant) had no loosening of the implant, and the periapical radiolucency of the implant disappeared after endodontic treatment of the natural tooth adjacent to the implant; 12 patients (14 implants) had clinical symptoms such as implant loosening, pus discharge, etc. Among them, 10 patients (12 implants) were successfully implanted in situ or in adjacent sites after removing the implants, and were successfully implanted after 3 to 20 months. Two patients(2 implants) were removed and no further implants were placed. Among them, 2 implants with infected RPI had cystic lesions, which was similar to natural root apex cysts.Conclusions:The etiology of RPI is related to inflammation of adjacent tooth root tips or bacterial residues from inflammatory lesions in the alveolar bone and bone augmentation. RPI can be treated by perfect root canal treatment of adjacent teeth, removal of inflammatory tissue, or simultaneous guided bone regeneration techniques.

The chemical constituents of the petroleum ether extract derived from the 90% ethanol extract of Elephantopus scaber were investigated. By silica gel column chromatography, C_(18), MCI column chromatography and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography, ten compounds were isolated. Their structures were identified as 3β-hydroxy-6β,7β-epoxytaraxeran-14-ene(1), 3β-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid(2), D-friedoolean-14-ene-3β,7α-diol(3), 3β-hydroxy-11α-methoxyolean-12-ene(4), 3β-hydroxyolean-11,13(18)-diene(5), 11α-hydroxy-β-amyrin(6), betulinic acid(7), 3β-hydroxy-30-norlupan-20-one(8), 6-acetonylchelerythrine(9), and 4',5'-dehydrodiodictyonema A(10) by analysis of the 1D NMR, 2D NMR, MS, and IR spectral data. Among them, compound 1 was a new triterpene and other compounds except compounds 2 and 7 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Triterpenes/isolation & purification* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification* ; Molecular Structure ; Asteraceae/chemistry* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy