Objective To investigate the prevalent condition of endotracheal cuff pressure and risk factors for under inflation. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted. Patients admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine of Fuxing Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University,who were intubated with a high-volume low-pressure endotracheal tube,and had undergone mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours,were enrolled. The endotracheal cuff pressure was determined every 8 hours by a manual manometer connected to the distal edge of the valve cuff at 07:00,15:00,and 23:00. Measurement of the endotracheal cuff pressure was continued until the extubation of endotracheal or tracheostomy tube,or death of the patient. According to the incidence of under inflation of endotracheal cuff,patients were divided into the incidence of under inflation lower than 25%group(lower low cuff pressure group)and higher than 25% group(higher low cuff pressure group). The possible influencing factors were evaluated in the two groups,including body mass index(BMI),size of endotracheal tube,duration of intubation,use of sedative or analgesic,number of leaving from intensive care unit(ICU),the number of turning over the patients, and aspiration of sputum. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for under-inflation of the endotracheal cuff. Results During the study period,53 patients were enrolled. There were 812 measurements,and 46.3%of them was abnormal,and 204 times(25.1%)of under inflation of endotracheal cuff were found. There were 24 patients(45.3%)in whom the incidence of under inflation rate was higher than 25%. The average of under inflation was 7(4,10)times. Compared with the group with lower rate of low cuff pressure,a longer time for intubation was found in group with higher rate of low cuff pressure〔hours:162(113,225)vs. 118(97,168),Z=-2.034,P=0.042〕. There were no differences between the two groups in other factors,including size of endotracheal tube,the time from intubation to first measurement of endotracheal cuff pressure,number of leaving from ICU during admission, use of sedative agent or analgesic,and the number of body turning and aspiration(all P>0.05). No risk factor was found resulting from under inflation of the endotracheal cuff by logistic regression analysis. No significant difference was found in the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia,duration of mechanical ventilation,successful rate of weaning on 28th day,or 28-day mortality after weaning from mechanical ventilation,and ICU mortality between the two groups. However,patients in the group of higher rate of low cuff pressure had a longer ICU stay compared with that in the group of lower rate of low cuff pressure group〔days:13(8,21)vs. 10(6,18),Z=-2.120,P=0.034〕. Conclusions Abnormal endotracheal cuff pressure is common in critically ill patients with intratracheal intubation. Duration of intubation is associated with under inflation of the cuff,and it calls for strengthening monitoring and management.

Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; pathology ; surgery ; Cryoultramicrotomy ; Cytodiagnosis ; methods ; Female ; Histocytological Preparation Techniques ; methods ; Humans ; Intraoperative Care ; methods ; Precancerous Conditions ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVE To investigate the ?-lactamases gene of multi-drug resistant Acinetobactor baumannii(MDR-ABA).METHODS The blaTEM,blaSHV,blaPER,blaGES,blaIMP,blaVIM,blaSIM,blaOXA-23,blaADC and blaDHA genes of 20 MDR-ABA strains were detected by PCR.RESULTS Among 20 MDR-ABA strains,18 strains were with positive blaADC,11 strains were with positive blaTEM;the others were negative.Totally 19 strains were with genes correlated to ?-lactam antibiotics.The results indicated that the blaADC DNA sequence was a new subtype type compared with the blaADC sequence which had registered on America GenBank.CONCLUSIONS blaADC Gene and blaTEM gene have spread in the MDR-ABA group and a new blaADC subtype has been found.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the antihypoxic effect of orientoside on hypoxia model rats.METHODS:The hy-poxia rats model was established through normobaric hypoxia,poisoning with sodium nitrite,potassium cyanide and lidocaine,trachea occlusion,decapitation,etc.20minutes prior to the modeling,the rats were administered with the corresponding drugs with the anti-hypoxic effects observed.RESULTS:As compared with placebo group,the survival time of rats under nor-mobaric hypoxia,poisoned by sodium nitrite,potassium cyanide and lidocaine,and the electrocardiograph extinction time after trachea occlusion and the gasping time of mice after decapitation were all significantly prolonged by orientoside.CONCLU-SION:Orientoside has antihypoxic effect on hypoxia model rats.

Adult ; Chromosome Aberrations ; drug effects ; Ethylene Oxide ; poisoning ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective ; drug effects

Objective:To explore effect of relevant training on understanding of theory of naive biology for plant reproduction in 5- and 6-years old,and to attempt to provide demonstration for a debate of different views between domain universality and domain specificity cognitive development.Methods:48 preschoolers who did not comprehend concept of plant reproduction screened from 64 preschoolers ages 5 to 6 were surveyed by clinical method.Half of the 48 children were assigned to intervention group,the other to control group.The effects of intervention were compared by the experimental before-after design.Results:Relevant biological knowledge might widely accelerate 5- and 6-year-olds' understandings for plant reproduction,and 6-year-olds had more enhancement than 5-year-olds.Pass rates of intervention group were more 29.2% than control group in 5 year olds,and more 54.1% in 6 year olds.Conclusion:Acquiring specific knowledge will generally improve preschoolers' cognition on plant reproduction.Children' cognitive development is influenced jointly by both domain-specific and domain-general thinking.

Stress ulceration are common occurrence in patients with severe traumatic brain injury, which can result in alimentary tract hemorrhage, perforation and obviously increase mortality. To prevent the occurrence of stress ulceration and control upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage is meaningful for prognosis of critical disease. This article reviews pathogenesis of stress ulceration as well as the relationships preventive treatment, early enteral nutrition, hospital acquired pneumonia and related complications.

Objective:To investigate the cognitive status of socialist core value among medical students, and to provide reference for the core value education in medical colleges and universities. Methods: 1024 medical students were selected with random cluster sampling method, and the socialist core value was investigated using self-designed questionnaire. Results:It was shown that 69 percent of medical students recognized the importance of socialist core values, but the contents had not been mastered. Social atmosphere, medical student's own short-coming and school education were all the factors leading to the weakness of socialist core values. Conclusion:It is quite necessary to cultivate medical students′socialist core values. Class, school, and society should play the main role to guide the medical students to establish the correct socialist core value.

Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne ; drug therapy

Produced by bone cells and stored in the matrix.bone ceil growth factor can contribute to the regulation of bone growth.Gene regulation has its role in bone development.Many factors of this kind have been founded recently.They play their role during the bone formation and absorption processes in the way of autocrine and paracrine.The genes of core binding factor α_1(Cbfα_1)and estrogen receptor α(Erα)have been the recent years'hot factors that are related to the bone development,Gene polymorphism refers to variation on gene level which often occurs in the non-coding domain or the domain bearing no important regulatory function in gene order.This article reviewed the research status of the relation between Cbfα_1 and Erα gene polymorphism with bone development.