MarR family transcription regulators are ubiquitous among bacteria and archaea. They extensively control multiple cellular processes and elaborately regulate the expression of genes involved in virulence, stress response and antibiotics at translational level. In Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, insertional inactivation of MarR family transcription regulator HpaR (XC2827) resulted in significantly decrease in virulence and increase in the production of the extracellular proteases. Here, we reported that the genome of Xcc 8004 encodes nine MarR family transcription regulators. The MarR family transcription regulators, HpaR (XC2827) and XC0449, were heterologous expressed and purified. In vitro MST and Pull-down assay confirmed the physical interaction between HpaR and XC0449. Phenotypical assay determined that deletion of XC0449 resulted in substantial virulence attenuation. In vitro EMSA, in vivo qRT-PCR and GUS activity assay identified that HpaR and XC0449 coordinately act as the transcriptional activator to regulate the expression of the virulence-associated gene XC0705, and eventually control the bacterial virulence and the production of extracellular proteases.
Bacterial Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Transcription Factors ; Virulence ; Xanthomonas campestris

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), the pathogenic agent of black rot disease in cruciferous plants, produces large amount of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), which has found wide applications in industry. For the great commercial value of the xanthan gum, many of the genes involved in EPS biosynthesis have been cloned and the mechanism of EPS biosynthesis also has been studied. In order to clone genes involved in EPS biosynthesis, Xcc wild-type strain 8004 was mutagenized with transposon Tn5 gusA5, and a number of EPS-defective mutants were isolated in our previous work. The Tn5 gusA5 inserted sites of these mutants were located by using thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR, and results showed that two EPS-defective mutants were insertion mutants of the gene wxcA which involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis. The gene wxcA involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis but dose not extracellular polysaccharide in others' report. wxcA::Tn5 gusA5 mutant 021C12, the polar mutant, was complemented with recombinant plasmid pLATC8570 harboring an intact wxcA gene in this work, but the yield of EPS of the wxcA::Tn5 gusA5 mutant was not restored. In order to identify the function of wxcA gene of Xcc 8004 strain, the gene wxcA was deleted by gene replacement strategy, and the no-polar mutant of wxcA was obtained. DeltawxcA mutant strain, named Xcc 8570, was confirmed by using both PCR and southern analysis. Beside the LPS biosynthesis of deltawxcA mutant was affected, The EPS yield of deltawxcA mutant strain reduced by 50% as compared with the wild-type strain 8004. DeltawxcA mutant could be complemented in trans with the intact wxcA gene, and the EPS yield of the mutant was restored. The combined data showed that wxcA gene not only involved in LPS biosynthesis but also EPS yield in Xcc 8004 strain.
Cell Proliferation ; Genes, Bacterial ; physiology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; biosynthesis ; Mutation ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; biosynthesis ; Xanthomonas campestris ; genetics

Southern blot analysis with probe from mini-Tn5 gfp-km transposon indicated that 5 non-pathogenic mutants which were generated by insertion of mini-Tn5 gfp-km mutagenesis contained a single copy of the transposon. Using genomic DNA of each mutant as a template, TAIL-PCR was performed with seven arbitrary degenerate (AD) primers pairing with 3 nested specific primers designed based on the sequence of GFP toward outside in mini-Tn5 gfp-km. After 3-step PCR reactions, the flanking sequence of each mutant was obtained. The PCR product was ligated with pGEM-T EASY vector and then was transformed into E. coli DH5 alpha by electroporation. Positive clones were selected by white/blue colony and plasmid was isolated, then digested with EcoRI. Plasmid was sequenced if its insert was longer than 300 bp. Our results indicated that TAIL-PCR was proved to be a simple and efficient approach in identification of gene using insertion mutagenesis.
Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; methods ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Bacterial ; isolation & purification ; Genes, Bacterial ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Luminescent Proteins ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Xanthomonas campestris ; genetics ; pathogenicity

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris ( Xcc), causative agent of the black rot disease of cruciferous crops worldwide, produces large amount of extracellular polysaccharide( EPS), which has found wide applications in industry. In order to clone genes involved in EPS biosynthesis, Xcc wild-type strain 8004 was mutagenized with transposon Tn5gus A5, and a number of EPS-defective mutants were isolated. The Tn5gusA5 insertion sites in the mutants were analyzed by using thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR(TAIL-PCR), and the corresponding genes were identified by homology blast to the completely sequenced genome of Xcc 8004 strain. A novel gene, waxE, identified from the EPS-defective mutant 151D09, was found to be disrupted by the insertion of Tn5gusA5 in the open reading frame(ORF) with genome coordinates 4478998bp to 4479819bp.This gene showed 52% similarity to the kdtX gene of Serratia marcescens and 50% to the waaE of Klebsiella pneumoniae at amino acid level, with characteristics of glycostransferase 2 family domain. In order to identify the function of waxE gene, waxE gene deletion mutant of Xcc 8004 was constructed by gene replacement strategy in which waxE gene of genome was replaced by kanamycin resistant gene kan. The waxE gene deletion mutant strain, named Xcc 8570, was confirmed by both PCR and southern analysis. The growth rate of the deletion mutant 8570 in rich medium was not affected, but the EPS yield reduced by 35% as compared with the wildtype strain 8004. The deletion mutant could be completmented in trans with plasmid pLATC8976 harboring an intact waxE gene, and the EPS yield of the mutant was restored. The combined data showed that waxE gene involved in EPS biosynthesis in Xcc.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Blotting, Southern ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Transposable Elements ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; genetics ; metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Xanthomonas campestris ; genetics ; metabolism