So far,the unified definition and diagnostic criteria of feeding intolerance in preterm infants is still unavailable,although they have always been modified and improved.The curative effects of intervention strategies,including the feeding strategies,breast-feeding,medication,and so on,still need multiple clinical randomized studies in order to be verified and evaluated.Therefore,this article will summarize the progress in the definition of feeding intolerance,feeding strategies and medication.

Objective To explore the management status of long term care hospital nursing workers and find out appropriate countermeasures.Methods By using the methods of questionnaire survey and interview,management status of nursing workers from similar hospitals was investigated.The results were explored and applied combined with the nursing management of our hospital.Results Satisfaction degree of patients and their families about nursing workers increased from 76.7％ to 97.4％.Conclusions It is of key importance that continuous exploration and improvement of hospital nursing workers management be implemented to enhance the high quality nursing of elderly chronic disease hospital.

Objective Onto observe the curative effect of carboprost tromethamine injection combined with mifepristone on the treatment of the patients with risky placenta previa. Methods 66 cases with placenta previa during mid pregnancy from January 2016 to December 2016 in Dingbian county people's hospital were randomly divided into two groups, 33 cases in the control group and 33 cases in the observation group. All patients were received cesarean section and traditional treatments such as oxytocin and gauze filling. Hemostatic effect, prognosis and incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups were compared. Results The intraoperative bleeding volume, the amount of vaginal bleeding 2 hours after operation and the amount of vaginal bleeding 2 to 24 hours after operation in the observation group were less than those in the control group (P<0.05). The rate of postpartum hemorrhage, the rate of disseminated intravascular coagulation and the incidence of puerperal disease in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group (P<0.05). The sanguinous lochia time and menstrual recovery time in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of hysterectomy and adverse reactions between the two groups. Conclusion Carboprost Tromethamine Injection combined with mifepristone in the treatment of pernicious placenta previa can effectively reduce the bleeding rate and promote the rehabilitation of pregnant women. It is safe and has no obvious adverse reactions. It is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To investigate the effect of borneol on levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the prefrontal cortex of rat after long-term continuous operations.Methods A rat model of long-term continuous operations were established by using a treadmill protocol.Then Borneol(0.4 g/kg,p.o.) was given to the rats after the operation,and their activity-rest behavior and active avoidance response were assessed.Two h later,the rats were sacrificed and the level of monoamine neurotransmitter in the prefrontal cortex was determined by high performance liquid chromatography combined with electrochemical detection(HPLC-ECD).Results After the administration of borneol,the activities of operational animals were increased markedly as compared with that of vehicle operational group.The operational rats after borneol application had less response time than the ones treated with vehicle(6.85?1.24) s in active avoidance response.The levels of monoamine neurotransmitters including noradrenaline,dopamine,and 5-serotonin in the prefrontal cortex were decreased after treadmill operation.While application of borneol made the levels of noradrenaline and 5-serotonin increased significantly as compared to operational group.Conclusion Borneol have a reversal effect on rat awake activity impairment after long-term continuous operations.And the arousal effects of borneol are associated with the increase of noradrenaline and 5-serotonin levels in the prefrontal cortex.

Neuroblastoma(NB) is the most common extracranial solid malignant tumor in childhood,which has various clinical manifestations.Tumor metastasis or relapse is one of the major causes of death in patients with NB.At present,the treatments of NB are mainly concentrated on the surgery,chemotherapy,radiation therapy,myeloablative therapy and transplantation,tumor targeted therapy,etc.But the treatment of children with high-risk NB is still not optimistic.Studies have shown that multidmg resistance is a major impediment to the successful treatment of NB.Hence,it is of great significance to have a comprehensive understanding of the chemoresistance mechanisms to improve the survival rate of NB patients.This review discusses the chemoresistance mechanisms of NB in several respects.

OATP1B3, a member of SLC superfamily, is specifically expressed on the sinusoidal membrane of hepatocytes and is considered to be important in hepatic drug elimination. The overexpression of OATP1B3 was found recently in tumor tissues such as prostate, colon, and pancreatic tumors. Sequence variations in SLCO1B3 gene, such as SNPs, have been described and a common haplotype consisting of 334T>G and 699G>A SNPs is related to altered transport characteristics of OATP1B3. OATP1B3 is of relevance to drug metabolism through affecting alteration of hepatic concentration of endo- and xenobiotic compounds that interact with nuclear receptors such as PXR and CAR, and thereby directly alter the extent of target gene transcription, including major CYP isoenzymes such as CYP3A4. This review will provide an overview of substrates and inhibitors of OATP1B3 and subsequently to assess the effect of genetic mutation on transport activity. The studies linking OATP1B3 with cancer clinical outcomes are also discussed in this review.

Objective Oxidative stress which participates in the development of diabetes and its complications can induce inflammation and increase the damage and apoptosis on cells and tissue by influencing multiple signaling pathways?Blood glucose fluctuation increased oxidative stress and aggravated damage and apoptosis on cells?The roles of glucagon?like peptide?1 ( GLP?1) receptor agonist can improve blood glucose fluctuation by playing multiple system physiological effects,such as,delaying gastric emptying,reducing appetite, food intake and body weight, enhancing glucose dependent insulin secretion, inhibiting glucose dependent glucagon secretion?In addition,GLP?1 can reduce oxidative stress state by reducing the reactive oxygen species, inhibiting oxidase activity,up?regulating anti?oxidative stress genes,increasing the level of antioxidant enzymes.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of dynamic moxibustion plus acupuncture in treating cervical vertigo by clinical observation of vertebrobasilar artery blood flow velocity using transcranial color Doppler before and after treatment. Method Sixty-one patients diagnosed with cervical vertigo were randomly allocated to two groups. The treatment group of 31 patients received dynamic moxibustion plus acupuncture and the control group of 30 patients, acupuncture alone. Vertebrobasilar artery blood flow velocity was observed using transcranial color Doppler before and after treatment. Result The total efficacy rate was 96.8% in the treatment group and 73.3% in the control group. Vertebrobasilar artery blood flow velocity was improved in both groups, but the effect was more marked in the treatment group (P<0.05). Conclusion Dynamic moxibustion plus acupuncture can more effectively improve vertebrobasilar artery blood flow velocity than acupuncture alone.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of cytokeratin 18 fragment M30 (CK18-M30) and Fas in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD),especially nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).Methods Among 58 patients with NAFLD,36 patients with NAFLD received liver biopsy.According to NAFLD activity score (NAS) and liver fibrosis score,patients were divided into NASH group (24 cases) and non-NASH group (12 cases).And at the same period,15 healthy individuals were set as healthy control group.The serum level of CK18 M30 and Fas were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA).Rank sum test was performed to analyze the differences in the level of CK18-M30 and Fas between groups.The diagnostic value of CK18 M30 and Fas were assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results The level of serum CK18-M30 of NAFLD group was significantly higher than that of healthy control group (97.24 U/L (86.06 to 113.12 U/L) vs 78.41 U/L (74.29 to 80.76 U/L),Z=-4.206,P＜0.01)).The level of serum CK18-M30 of NASH group was higher than that of non-NASH group (111.06 U/L (94.30 to 142.68 U/L) vs 89.00 U/L (83.56 to 106.50 U/L),Z=-2.233,P＜0.05)).The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of CK18-M30 in the diagnosis of NASH was 0.73 (0.56,0.90),and the sensitivity and specificity of CK18-M30 in diagnosis of NASH was 79.2％ and 58.3％,respectively.The AUC of Fas in diagnosis of NASH was 0.58 (0.38,0.77),while the sensitivity and specificity of Fas in diagnosis of NASH was 54.2％ and 66.7 ％.The serum level of Fas increased in FAFLD group compared with healthy control group,and in NASH group compared with non-NASH group,however the differences were not signifincant (both P＞ 0.05).Conclusions The level of CK18-M30 has certain value in the diagnosis of NASH.The diagnostic value of Fas in NASH needs more samples in further study.

Abundant evidences indicate a role of GABAergic system in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric dis-orders. GABAA receptors modulators have been long used in clinical. But the unwanted side-effect and risk of drug dependence have limited their use. With the increase understanding of the role of individual GABAA recep-tor subtypes in the pathology of these diseases, the subtype-selective GABAA receptors modulators and the multi-compound therapy may serve as potential therapeutic strategies. Here we review the researches which revealed the involvement of GABAA receptors in anxiety, depression and schizophrenia, and the research for new development in subtype-selective GABAA receptor modulators.