Objective To investigate the effects of treatment of syphilis in pregnancy on perinatal prognosis. Methods Patients of syphilis in pregnancy from Hainan Provincial People′s Hospital and Haikou Municipal Maternal and Child Health Center during 1995.1 to 2001.1 were collected for retrospective analysis. Pregnant women with syphilis were divided into treated group and untreated group according to whether they received penicillin anti syphilis treatment or not during pregnancy. Results The total number of deliveries in the 2 hospitals during that period was 18 701, and 61 out of 9 805 women screened for syphilis were positive, giving an incidence of 6 2/1000. The perinatal mortality rates were 11 2% in treated group and 83 3% in untreated group, and incidences of congenital syphilis were 17 6% and 72 7% respectively. Conclusion Syphilis in pregnancy is a serious complication to harm the fetus. Screening of syphilis during pregnancy is necessary, and penicillin treatment is effective which may reduce the perinatal mortality rate and the birth of congenital syphilis baby.

ObjectiveTo observe the protective effect of tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG) on rats' hippocampal neuronal damage induced by glutamate (Glu) in the culture.MethodsHippocampus was isolated from newborn SD rats and dispersedly cultured in the medium for 9 days. Neurons were incubated with TSG (5—100μmol/L) for 24h, the cells were washed twice with Lock's solution without Mg2+,then Glu 500 μmol/L was added. Thirty min later, the reaction was terminated by washing the monolayer cells twice with the Lock's solution and then cultures were kept at 37℃ for 24h. Cell viability was measured by MTT method and cell membrane damage was determined by LDH leakage; with Fluo-3/AM as an intracellular calcium indicator and added into the bathing medium, fluorescent intensity of intracellular free calcium were observed through laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM).ResultsAfter the treatment with 5—100μmol/L TSG for 24h, the decrease of cell viability and the increase of LDH leakage caused by Glu was obviously resisted dose dependently. TSG inhibited increase of Ca2+ in cytoplasm, compared with model group.ConclusionTSG can significantly promote the cell viability and reduce the cell membrane damage in Glu treating hippocampal neurons. The neuroprotective activities of TGS is mediated by inhibiting Ca2+ overload in cytoplasm.

Acetamides ; metabolism ; toxicity

Objective:China was categorized as one of the 68 countdown countries to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 5. This paper aimed to analyze the situation of maternal survival, and coverage of proven cost effective interventions in China, where specific attention was paid to disparities. Methods: National maternal and child mortality surveillance data were used to estimate maternal mortality ratio (MMR). Coverage for proven interventions was analyzed based on National Health Services Survey, where experts' consultations were made for complementation. Results: There had been a significant reduction of MMR in China, however great disparities existed, with rural Ⅱ to Ⅳ areas experiencing 2 to 5 times higher maternal mortality risks than urban areas and accounting for over 70% maternal mortality burdens. Postpartum hemorrhage, pregnancy associated hypertension, embolism and sepsis were the leading causes, and over 75% of the maternal mortality was caused by preventable or curable causes. Maternal health services utilization decreased in accordance with region' s development level. Socioeconomic factors like financial difficulties were the main obstacles hindering access of care.Even those who made deliveries in hospitals faced different probabilities in receiving qualified care according to their socioeconomic standings. Conclusion: China is on track to achieve MDG 5, however great disparities exist. It is necessary to specifically target rural types Ⅱ to Ⅳ areas. Major causes of maternal mortality which can be prevented or averted through the provision of essential obstetrical care. Yet as compared with maternity health needs, insufficient coverage of maternal and child health (MCH) care services and poor service quality are the leading predisposing factors contributing to maternal mortality in China.

Objective To study Barrett's esophageal consistency with its histological findings,which were found with magnifying chromoendo6copy,and to advance the endoscopic diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus. Methods The patients with BE were diagnosed by endoscopy and histology, and their histological findings and endoscopic appearances of a total of 67 patients with BE were observed. Results Endoscopic appearances type of BE showed island (28 cases) ,tongue(7 cases) ,and circum ference(32 cases). Three types of BE under magnifying chromoendoscopy,and in magnifying endoscope group,type Ⅲ which were found with magnifying endoscope were verified intestinalisation epithelium pat ho-type, compared with type I and type Ⅱ,the discrepancy of them had statistical significance(P＜0.01). Conclusion Magnifying chromoendoscopy had a relatively better consistency in the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus with histological findings.

Background Medical refraction after cycloplegia is the preferable choice for precise measurement of degree of refractive error.Drugs used in China for cycloplegia include atropine and tropicamide,and the use of cyclopentolate is an alternative for ophthalmologist.However,the data for the evaluation and comparison of efficacy of the available drugs in cycloplegia is still lacking.Objective This system analysis was to evaluate the difference between atropine and cyclopentolate in cycloplegia in children.Methods A systematic literature retrieval was conducted in MEDLINE,EMbase,Google residual accommodation after cycloplegia by atropine and cyclopentolate were compared.Statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.1.0 software.Results A total of 7 studies were included in this meta analysis,including 6 cohort study design and 1 randomized,doubleblinded clinical trial and 1232 eyes.For retinoscopic evaluation after cycloplegia,no significant differences were found between cyclopentolate and atropine in children with hyperopia and myopia (WMD =-0.21,95％ CI:-0.47-0.06,P=0.13 ; WMD =-0.10,95％ CI:-0.36-0.15,P =0.43).For residual accommodation after cycloplegia,no significant difference was seen between cyclopentolate and atropine in ammetropic children (WMD =0.30,95％ CI:-0.10-0.71,P =0.15).Conclusions Cyclopentolate shows the same effect on the cycloplegia as atropine in children,and it can take the place of atropine in cycloplegia in childhood.

Objective To investigate the effect of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) recombinant lentivirus in rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI).Methods Thirty-six adult SD rats were divided into control group, LPS model group and gene intervention group according to the random number table, with 12 rats per group.Rats with LPS-induced ALI were established by intratracheal injection of LPS.Saline solution (60 μL/kg) was injected in control group at the time point of 0, 24, 48 h respectively.Control-lentivirus (60 μL/kg) and cdk2 recombinant lentivirus (60 μL/kg) were injected respectively in LPS model group and gene intervention group at the time point of 0 h and 24 h.After 48 h, LPS (60 μL/kg) with isotonic saline solution were injected in both LPS model group and gene intervention group.Lung tissue samples from right-lower areas were collected at 24 h postinjury to evaluate the pathological changes with HE staining.Expressions of cdk2, clara cell secretory protein (CCSP), phospholipase A2(PLA2) and p-C/EBP β protein were detected by Western blot.Inflammatory factors of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in serum were measured with ELISA method.Results Inflammatory infiltration and damage to the alveolar structure were serious in LPS model group than control group, while inflammatory infiltration decreased significantly and alveolar structure tended to be normal in gene-intervention group.Expression of Cdk2 in control group (1.00±0.21) and LPS model group (0.93±0.17) were similar, but both were lower than that in gene intervention group (4.29±0.73) (P<0.05).Expression of CCSP in gene intervention group (3.19±0.38) was significantly higher than that in control group (1.00±0.20) and LPS model group (0.32±0.19) (P<0.05).Expression of PLA2 in LPS model group (4.49±0.51) was higher than that in control group (1.00±0.13) and gene intervention group (1.76±0.26) (P<0.05).Meanwhile, the variation of p-C/EBPβ concentration among the groups was similar to CCSP.Expression of TNF-α in LPS model group[(196.34±30.17)pg/ml] was higher than that in control group [(71.24±5.13)pg/ml] and gene intervention group[(86.32±11.02)pg/ml](P<0.05).Changes in IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 among the groups were similar to TNF-α.Conclusions Over-expression of Cdk2 plays a protective role for LPS-induced ALIby up-regulating CCSP and down-regulating inflammatory factors such as PLA2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10, as may relate to the phosphorylation of C/EBPβ.

Objective To objectively evaluate the effectiveness of reminder system in reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections.Methods Databases were electronically searched to collect the trials.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the literatures were screened,the data were extracted and the methodological quality of the included studies was assessed.Then Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.0 software.Results A total of 10 literatures involving 5 662 participants were included.The results of Meta-analysis showed that the reminder system group was superior to the control group in decreasing the incidence rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infections,shortening the days of indwelling catheter,and there were statistical differences.Conclusions Reminder system can shorten the days of indwelling catheter,decrease catheter-associated urinary tract infections,

BACKGROUND: Adipocytes are derived from preadipocytes, which are induced by mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. This study explored the mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into adipocytes and provided a new thinking for preventing and treating obesity.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the isolation and culture of BMSCs from rabbits in vitro, and the method of differentiating into adipocytes.DESIGN: An observational controlled in vitro experiment.SETTING: Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical College, and Yunnan Pharmacological Laboratories of Natural Products.MATERIALS: Totally 12 healthy Japanese rabbits aged 6-8 weeks of 200 to 300g of either sex were provided by Experimental Animal Center of Kunming Medical College. Dexamethasone, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and insulin (Sigma, USA) and indomethacin (ALEXIS, USA) were used in this study.METHODS: Experiments were performed at the Yunnan Pharmacological Laboratories of Natural Products between July 2004 and January 2005. BMSCs were harvested from the femurs, tibias and humerus bones of the rabbits, and then purified and proliferated. After primary culture, the subcultured cells were cultured in media including 1μmol/L dexamethasone, 0.5mmol/L 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 10mg/L insulin and 0.2mmol/L indomethacin. The disposal was accorded with the animal ethical standards.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Growth curve of the third passage of cells was evaluated by modified MTT method. Salmon pink lipid drop appeared after Oil Red O staining under a light microscope.RESULTS: After 72 hours of adipocyte induction, lipid droplet appeared in BMSCs. With the prolongation of induction time, lipid vacuoles were found and cells changed from fusiform to round or polygon. At week 3, approximately 80% BMSCs were induced into adipocytes as detected by Oil Red O.CONCLUSION: Rabbit BMSCs isolated and cultured in vitro can be induced into adipocytes in the media containing 1μmol/L dexamethasone, 0.5mmol/L 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 10mg/L insulin and 0.2mmol/L indomethacin.