Immunotoxin is composed of chemical crosslinked mixture of specific monoclonal antibody or growth factor and toxin. Immunotoxin exerts its anti-cancer effects through inhibiting protein synthesis in cancer cells and promoting cancer cell apoptosis. Although immunotoxin is characterized by high toxicity and specificity which may provide remarkable potential in tumor therapy compared with traditional anti-cancer drugs, there are a lot of limitations for its clinical application.

BACKGROUND:For a long time,glucocorticoid has been thought to have a general suppressive effect on immunity;however it is difficult to explain many findings with the suppression theory of glucocorticoid.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relation of glucocorticoid with immunity and the exertion of this kind of relation on exercise immunology.RETRIEVAL STRATEGY:The articles related to the correlation of glucocorticoid with immunity and exercise immunology were searched on Medline database published between January 1970 and December 2007 with the keywords "exercise,glucocorticoid(GC),immunity" in English.Meanwhile,the China National Knowledge Infrastructure was retrieved for the correlative literatures published between January 1990 and December 2007 with the keywords "exercise,glucocorticoid,immunity" in Chinese.Some correlative teaching materials were also consulted.All the data were checked primarily,the articles about the relation of glucocorticoid and immunity were selected,especially the articles about glucocorticoid enforcing the immunity and about the relation between exercise and upper respiratory tract infection.Articles on reviews and repetitive researches were excluded.Totally 75 papers were collected,and 30 of them accorded with the inclusive criteria,whereas 45 exclusive articles were old and repetitive.Meanwhile the correlative contents in three teaching materials were referenced.LITERATURE EVALUATION:Among the 33 included articles,there were 12 ones referring to the classical theory of glucocorticoid regulate immunity,14 referring to the new viewpoints of glucocorticoid regulate immunity,and 7 referring to the analysis of two basic theories of exercise immunology by the new viewpoints of glucocorticoid regulate immunity.DATA SYNTHESIS:Recently,the researchers have found that the relation between glucocorticoid and immunity is complicated.On some condition,glucocorticoid has an enforced effect on immunity.There is a consistent viewpoint on the relation of exercise and immunity,that is moderate intensity exercise is good to health,but sportsmen are prone to decrease immunity and have a kind of disease called upper respiratory tract infection after high intensity exercise.Upper respiratory tract infection is a disease that is mainly brought by virus.These changes of organism in exercise can be reasonably explained with the influence of glucocorticoid on immunity.CONCLUSION:Low concentration of glucocorticoid may enforce immunity function,and high concentration of glucocorticoid inhibits cell immunity and enhances humour immunity.That many sportsmen are easy to decrease immunity and have a kind of disease called upper respiratory tract infection,is mainly attributed to the falling of cell immune function and the enhancing of humour immune function of sportsman after high intensity exercise.

Objective:To investigate the indications and prognosis of emergency liver resection for spontaneous rupture of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: A retrospective clinical analysis was performed for 16 patients who underwent emergency liver resection due to spontaneous rupture of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Spontaneous rupture of primary hepatocellular carcinoma was found in 10 men and 6 women with a mean age of 55.6 years. Preoperative diagnostic peritoneocentesis,B ultrasonic graphy and CT scan was performed for all the patients. Results: The postoperative mortality rate and complication rate were 0 and 25%,respectively. All the patients received comprehensive treatment such as TAE, and the estimated 1-, and 5-year survival rates were 81.25% and 50%,respectively. Conclusions: A favorable prognosis may be achieved by e-mergency left hemihepatectomy and left lateral lobe resection.

Objective To compare the effect of suspension laryngoscope and fiber laryngoscope for treating with benign vocal cord lesions.Methods Retrospectively analyzed 160 cases with benign vocal cord lesions,104 cases were given fiber laryngoscope,while 56 cases were received suspension laryngoscope,and the efficacy and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The total efficiency in the fiber laryngoscope group was 98.1％ higher than 91.1％ of the suspension laryngoscope group(x2 =4.27,P =0.039);the incidence of adverse reactions in the fiber laryngoscope group was 14.4％ lower than 25.0％ of the suspension laryngoscope group,however,there were no significant differences between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The two methods of treating with the benign vocal cord lesions have achieved a better efficacy,but the effect of fiber laryngoscope is superior to the suspension laryngoscope,and it has lower incidence of adverse reactions and more suitable for clinical application.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of enteral and parenteral nutrition support therapy for patients in intensive care unit(ICU) with critical diseases.Methods One hundred and fourteen patients with critical diseases were divided into enteral nutrition group and parenteral nutrition group by random digits table with 57 cases in each group.The hemoglobin,serum total protein,albumin,prealbumin and incidence of complications were compared.Results The levels of 4 indicators above in all patients after 2 weeks treatment were increased,in enteral nutrition group was significantly lower than that in parenteral nutrition group [hemoglobin:(120.47 ±22.46) g/L vs.(114.83 ±23.86) g/L,total protein:(78.21 ± 8.42) g/L vs.(70.48 ±8.21) g/L,albumin:(38.21 ±5.03) g/L vs.(33.87 ±5.62) g/L,prealbumin:(245.57 ±44.61) mg/L vs.(182.24 ±42.73) mg/L,P ＜0.05].The incidence of bloating and diarrhea,vomiting and nausea,infection,liver and kidney dysfunction in enteral nutrition group was significantly lower than that in parenteral nutrition group [14.04％ (8/57) vs.26.32％ (15/57),12.28％ (7/57) vs.17.54％ (10/57),3.51％(2/57) vs.8.77％(5/57),1.75％(1/57) vs.5.26％(3/57),P＜ 0.05].Conclusions Nutritional support is important for patients with critical diseases on nutritional status and immunity function,and the effect is more obvious of enteral nutrition,which can improve the prognosis greatly and may be a better nutrition support therapy.

Inthis assay，6 kinds of organophosphorus pesticide and 2 kindsof carbamate pesticide were simultaneously seperatedon chromatographic Nova-Pak C18 column by mobile phase of mixtureof methanol：water 75：25in volume，and determined with double-wavelength detector at 250nm and 280nm within 6 minutes.This methodwas simply satisfactaryly applied in determination of pesticides in environmental water samples，with high sensitivity.

Risk is potential hazards to the accuracy of laboratory tests.Risk management is the coordination of a series activities to control risks. This article addresses the following issues: how to efficiently identify and manage the potential risks that exist in examination activities throughout the whole process, and summarize the general characteristics from lab risk management, quality management and biosafety management?How to minimize risks that may affect examination results, as well as to ensure the achievements of examination policy, quality objectives and indicators at the same time? Focusing on risk management for multi-factors throughout the whole examination process in clinical lab, this article lists a series of activities adopted in risk management, including plan, process management, risk assessment, risk supervision, risk management audit and documentation for risk management as well.This article will push on improvement of risk management in Chinese clinical lab in a scientific and standard way, so as to perform lab service more efficiently and play an even better role in clinical diagnosis.

Drug treatment is one of the most important parts in t he therapeutics of periodontal disease. This review discusses the purpose, signifi cance、pharmacological mechanisms, administration methods and announcements of c linic medication in periodontal disease and summarized clinical commonused drug as well as the reseach progress in drug therapeutics of periodontal disease.

Cytochrome P4503As(CYP3As),the liver microsomal enzymes responsible for oxidative metabolism of numerous clinically used drugs,is known to be induced by a variety of compounds,including naturally occurring and synthetic glucocorticoids,pregnane compounds,and macrolide antibiotics.The pregnane X receptor(PXR;NR1I2) is an important component of the body′s adaptive defense against xenobiotics including drugs.PXR is activated by a large number of endogenous and exogenous chemicals including steroids,antibiotics,antimycotics,bile acids,and the herbal antidepressant St.John′s wort.PXR binds as a heterodimer with the 9-cis retinoic acid receptor(NR2B) to DNA response elements in the regulatory regions of CYP3A genes.Although PXR evolved to protect the body,its activation by a variety of prescription drugs represents the molecular basis for an important class of harmful drug interactions.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of minocycline at subantimicrobial dosage in the treatment of experimentally induced periodontitis in rats.Methods: Periodontitis was induced by silk ligature technique on 4 second molars in each of 16 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats and the animals were fed with 100 g/L sucrose drink. The rats were divided into 2 groups: (1)periodontitis group without treatment;(2)treatment group, the rats with periodontitis were treated by systemic administration of minocycline at 5 mg/(kg?d).Another 8 normal rats were used as the controls. Assessment was carried out at day 28 and 56 using a number of different visual, histological and ultrastructure approaches.Visual assessment included tooth mobility(TM), gingival index(GI), and alveolar bone loss. Histological examination included monocyte effusion,resorption lacunae with osteoclasts and percentage of the periodontal collagen.The collected data were statistically analyzed using variance test.Results: Systemic administration of minocycline at subantimicrobial dosage can significantly reduce GI, TM, resorption lacunae with osteoclasts and alveolar bone loss either at day 28 or at day 56; significantly inhibited monocyte effusion and the collagen degradation in the periodontium at day 56 in rats with periodontitis. Conclusion: Minocycline at subantimicrobial dosage may decrease alveolar bone loss and osteoclasts formation in periodontium with periodontitis.