The aim of this article is to explore the dual-system of German geriatric nursing, curriculum of geriatric nursing, concept of major and evaluation mode, which could provide references and reflection for national geriatric nursing development.

Objective To obtain the molecular epidemiology of human Parechovirus (HPeV)infections m children with central nervous system (CNS)-related disease and sepsis,as well as understand the pathogenic properties of HPeV infections by detecting HPeV in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples.Methods From January to December in the year of 2009,a total of 359enterovirus-negative specimens including 210 CSF and 149 blood samples were collected from 328children ＜14 years of age who were hospitalized for CNS-related disease and sepsis at Children's Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai,China.HPeV was detected by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),and then directly genotyped by sequencing nested RT-PCR product of VP3/VP1 region.Ninty-nine blood samples from healthy children were collected as controls during the same period.Results Twenty-seven children (8.2％) were HPeV positive in 328 children.HPeV infections were found in all age groups of children and the highest frequency was seen in children ＜3 months old (18.2％,12/66).HPeV was detected in several months,with the peak in December (18.8％,9/48).Of all the positive samples,20 were genotyped successfully and identified to be HPeV1.No HPeV infections were found in blood of healthy controls.ConclusionsHPeV is the pathogen of CNS infections and sepsis in children.HPeV screening should be enrolled in the routine virus testing in specimens obtained from children.HPeV1 is the prevalent type in children in the year of 2009 in Shanghai.

Objective To detect the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) CCAT1 in human papillary thyroid cancer, and to observe the effect of CCAT1 down-regulation on the invasion and migration of human papillary thyroid cancer.Methods The expression of CCAT1 was detected in human normal thyroid Nthy-ori 3-1 cells and human papillary thyroid cancer TPC-1 cells.CCAT1 siRNA plasmid was transfected into TPC-1 cells.The effect of CCAT1 down-regulation on cell invasion and migration was observed by Transwell chamber assay and scratch test, and the expressions of BRAF, MUC15 and RKIP proteins were detected by Western blot.Results The level of CCAT1 in human papillary thyroid cancer TPC-1 cells was significantly higher than that in human normal thyroid Nthy-ori 3-1 cells.CCAT1 down-regulation significantly inhibited the invasion and migration of TPC-1 cells.The Transwell invasion assay revealed that the number of migrated TPC-1 cells in the CCAT1 down-regulation group was significantly lower than that in the control group.The scratch test showed an increased distance between cells in the CCAT1 down-regulation group compared to the control group, suggesting a reduced cell motility.The expressions of BRAF and MUC15 proteins were decreased in the CCAT1 down-regulation group, while that of RKIP protein was increased.Conclusions The expression of CCAT1 in papillary thyroid cancer cells is significantly higher than that in normal human thyroid cells.Down-regulation of CCAT1 in papillary thyroid cancer cells may inhibit the cell invasion and migration by regulating the expression of BRAF, MUC15 and RKIP proteins.

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic value of transbronchoscopic lung biopsy (TBLB) without X-ray fluoroscopy in patients with peripheral pulmonary lesions.Methods Fifty patients with peripheral and diffuse pulmonary lesions and without cavity lesions from January to December 2011 were selected and examined by conventional hronchoscopy.According to the anatomical orientation of CT image and bronchial tree path,TBLB was performed by electronic bronchoscope.ResultsThere were 63 cases of TBLB in 50 patients and 30 patients got confirmed diagnosis (60.0％),including 24 cases in 35patients with peripheral pulmonary lesions (68.6％),and 6 cases in 15 patients with diffuse pulmonary lesions (40.0％).There was no severe complication during and after electronic bronchoscopy.ConclusionsTBLB without X-ray fluoroscopy is a convenient,safe and repeatable operational method with fewer complications.It has higher clinic diagnostic value in pulmonary diseases.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics of Behcet's disease (BD) complicated with leukemia and analyze the relationshp between the two diseases. Methods Five cases in the medical literature were retrieved and their data were analyzed. Results The clinical characteristics were : oral ulcersand fever (5 cases), skin lesions (3 cases), vulva ulcers (3 cases), eye lesions (3 cases), arthralgia (4 cases), diges-tive tract ulcerations and hemorrhage (1 cases). All cases coexisted with leukemia were shown to have various degrees of peripheral blood changes and history of immunosuppressive therapy. Among these, 3 cases were coexisted with acute granulocytic leukemia, 1 case with acute monocytic leukemia, 1 case with plasma cell leukemia respectively. All patients died within one year. Conclusion Close relationship can be observed between BD and leukemia from the point of view of the provocating factors, clinical features and drug use.

Objective To develop cadres' stress scale for the Chinese people' s armed police forces.Methods Based on the stress theory and principles of the psychometrics,combined with characteristics of armed police forces. The cadres' stress scale was developed by ourselves. 802 cadres were evaluated as samples and statistic the data by item analysis ,factor analysis, reliability and valid analysis. Results The scale included four dimensions: task stress, economy stress, interpersonal stress and development stress. The internal consistency reliability was 0.893 ,the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.812. Retest reliability coefficient was 0.813. The criterion related validity to the stress scale and SCL-90 was good and the correlation coefficient with somatization, anxiety,depression, interpersonal sensitivity was 0. 376,0. 383,0. 396,0. 387 individually (P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Cadres stress scale for cadres of Chinese people's armed police forces has good reliability and validity.

Aim To develop a sensitive,rapid and ac-curate LC-MS /MS method for the simultaneous deter-mination of cytochrome P450 probe substrates,inclu-ding caffeine and its metabolite paraxanthine for CYP1 A2,omeprazole and its metabolite 5-hydroxyome-prazole for CYP2C1 9,dextromethorphan and its metab-olite dextrorphan for CYP2D6,midazolam and its me-tabolite 1 ′-hydroxymidazolam for CYP3A4.Methods Probe drugs with the IS diazepam were extracted using ethyl acetate.Gradient elution was performed on an Agilent Eclipse Plus-C1 8 column (50 mm ×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm).The mobile phase consisted of 0.01 % for-mic acid(1 mmol·L -1 ammonium formate)and aceto-nitrile.The flow rate was 0.3 mL·min -1 ,and the in-jection volume was 1 0 μL.The analyte was detected u-sing electrospray ionization(ESI)in positive multiple reaction monitoring(MRM+)mode.The reaction se-lected ions were 1 95.0 /1 38.1 m /z for caffeine, 1 81 .1 /1 24.1 m /z for paraxanthine,346.1 /1 98.1 m /z for omeprazole,362.1 /21 4.1 m /z for 5-hydroxyome-prazole, 272.2 /1 47.1 m /z for dextromethorphan, 258.1 /1 57.1 m /z for dextrorphan,326.1 /291 .1 m /z for midazolam,342.1 /324.1 m /z for 1 ′-hydroxymid-azolam and 285.1 /1 54.0 m /z for diazepam as internal standard.Results The linear ranges of caffeine,pa-raxanthine,omeprazole,5-hydroxyomeprazole,dextro-methorphan, dextrophan, midazolam and 1 ′-hydroxymidazolam were 1 .95 ~2 000,0.98 ~250, 0.48 ~2 000,0.98 ~250,0.98 ~2 000,0.48 ~1 25,1 .95 ~2 000 and 1 .95 ~250 μg·L -1 respec-tively.The RSD of all probe drugs was less than 1 5%and matrix effects in plasma on the ionization of probe drugs were negligible.Conclusion This sensitive and rapid LC-MS /MS method is suitable for determination of the drug/metabolite concentrations in plasma,so as to study the metabolism of CYP1 A2, CYP2C1 9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 in depth.

Objective To explore the changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) among cerebral infarction pa-tients using MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and to verify the relationship between any FA changes and functional recovery. Methods Thirty-eight cerebral infarction patients were divided into two groups according to their recovery level using Brunnstrom's criteria. All the patients accepted routine MR and DTI examination, and FA values were measured during the acute, subacute and chronic stages of their recovery. Results Average FA values in the lesion area were significantly lower than in the corresponding contralateral area, and were highest daring the acute stage.There was no significant difference between the subacute and chronic stages. Conclusions The FA values of cere-bral infarction patients change during the different stages of recovery with a certain regularity. This may be valuable for clinical treatment and prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of different thickness of cell culture dishes on fluorescent image with confocal microscope.Methods The fluorescent staining experiments of live cells and fixed cells were used to determine the differences among three dishes with different thickness coverslips of 0.085～0.13 mm,0.13～0.16 mm and 0.16～0.19 mm,while the cell appearance,fluorescence lightness and mean of fluorescence intensity were studied with confocal microscope.Results Demonstrated by the results of cytoskeleton staining experiments,the dish with 0.13～0.16 mm thickness coverslip was the best choice for confocal microscope,the dish with 0.16～0.19 mm thickness coverslip was the second one,the dish with 0.16～0.19 mmthickness coverslip was the last one.ConclusionThe dish with 0.13～0.16 mm thickness coverslip is the best choice for confocal microscope.On this type of dish,the cytoskeleton is unfolding and clear after staining.The intensity of fluorescence is the strongest,and the imaging effect is the best.

Objective To explore the sleep characteristics in first-episode schizophrenics and the effects of olanzapine on body weight and sleep-breathing disorder.Methods 36 first-episode schizophrenics (patient group) and 33 normal controls (control group) were tested with polysomnography(PSG),and compared the difference of PSG,sleep-breathing index and body mass index(BMI) before and after treatment in patient group.Results Before treatment,compared with control group,the patient group had significantly prolonged sleep latency((83.64± 10.62) min vs (29.41 ± 10.05) min),shortened total sleep time ((286.43 ± 17.04) min vs (343.66 ± 16.38)min),decreased sleep efficiency((65.73 ±11.47) vs (86.13 ± 8.15)),increased awake time and arousal number((65.70 ± 10.33) min vs (25.93 ± 9.60) min ; (38.26 ± 6.88) vs (14.40 ± 2.72)) in sleep continuity ; and increased N1 stage ((87.43 ± 11.35) min vs (36.55 ± 6.40) min),decreased N2,N3 stage ((100.53 ± 10.42)minvs (143.35±13.52)min;(49.83±7.51)minvs (87.52±9.74)min) in sleep structure (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,sleep continuity and sleep structure in patient group were improved,compared with control group,only BMI,arousal index and hypopnea index had statistic difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The first-episode schizophrenics have both sleep continuity and sleep structure deficits.Although olanzapine treatment can improve sleep quality,long-term use of it may cause overweight and sleep-breathing disorder.