Objective To study the role of IL-2 in regulating allograft rejection mediated by alloantigen-specific CD8~+ T cell.Methods T cell proliferation in vivo at a single cell level was examined using the CFSE dilution assay. IL-2 expression by activated CD4~+ versus CD8~+ T cells was determined by intracellular cytokine staining. The ability of alloantigen-specific CD8~+T cells in mediating allograft rejection was studied using the islet transplantation model.Results CD8~+ T cells divided vigorously in vivo in the allogeneic hosts regardless the presence or absence of CD4~+ T cells. CD4~+ T cells, but not CD8~+ T cells, were the primary source of IL-2 when both subsets were present. However, CD8~+ T cells could express high levels of IL-2 in the complete absence of CD4~+ T cells. In 2C TCR transgenic (Tg) mice in which the 2C TCR transgene was selectively expressed on the CD8~+ T cells that specifically recognized alloantigen (Ld) of Balb/c origin, islet allografts from Balb/c mice was promptly rejected by the 2CTg recipients with mean survival time of only 8 days. In contrast, in 2CTg mice with a genetic deletion of the IL-2 gene (2CTg-IL-2KO mice), the alloantigen specific CD8~+ T cells failed to mediate the islet allograft rejection and all the Balb/c islets survived for more than 50 days.Conclusions CD8~+ T cells appear to be very plastic in producing and utilizing IL-2. In the presence or absence of CD4~+ T cells, CD8~+ T cells can use CD4~+ derived or self derived IL-2 for proliferation and effector function respectively. In an alloantigen specific TCR transgenic model, the effector function of CD8~+ T cells is strictly IL-2 dependent. Thus, in situations where graft rejection is mediated solely by the CD8~+T cells, blocking IL-2/IL-2R pathway may be critically important in preventing transplant rejection.

Objective To solve the problems of low power laser instrument with single wavelength and instable output power as well as its incapability of studying the biological effect of low intensity laser and clinical treatment. Methods The AT89S52 singlechip and PID algorithm were used. Results The desired instrument could output the wave of 532nm green laser which could be adjusted continuously from 0mW to 30mW and the wave of 650nm red laser which could be adjusted continuously from 0mW to 50mW. The error of power could be controlled within 0.1mW. Conclusion The instrument can be used to study the biological effect of low intensity laser and clinical treatment with small volume,easy operation and high stability of laser output.

To make a portable apparatus for the patient self-doing joint voluntarily exercise that is keeping with the training demand of human body potential and muscle strong. Different kinds of spring belts are used for joint exercise apparatus according to the needs of joint exercise. Though active joint extension and flexion by using the method of Chinese physical and breathing exercises, the exercise was done by drawing the spring belt. The extremity multifunctional training box is easy for carrying and sutble for each mussel be trained. Because of the wide range of back spring power, it is easy to reach the best training mount and to do the continually training under the biggest training mount. It is beneficial to the joint active function improvement. From June 2006 to February 2008, this kind of apparatus was used in 30 patients with footdrop at the Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University. The design of the extremity multifunctional training box is reasonable, and it is easy for carrying and operating. It is also helpful for the patient to do muscle exercise themselves, and the joint function can be persisted and improved by continual exercise using this apparatus.

Objective To determine the effect of aldosterone and its antagonist, spironolactone on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of normal rat kidney epithelial cells (NRK-52E) in a high glucose milieu,and to explore the mechanism of renoprotection in diabetic nephropathy (DN ) in rats involving aldosterone and spironolacton. Methods NRK-52E cells were simultaneously cultured in the serum-free Dulbecco's modification of Eagle's medium Dulbecco (DMEM) for 12 hours. Then the low glucose (LG) group was cultured in LG (1000 mg/L) DMEM:The high glucose (HG) group was cultured in high glucose (4 500 mg/L) DMEM. The aldosterone (Aldo) groups were cultured in high glucose DMEM with the addition of 10,50 and 100 nmol/L aldosterone respectively. The SP group was cultured in high glucose (4 500 mg/L) DMEM plus 10~(-7)mol/L spironolactone. Immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect E-cadherin and α smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) mRNA expression. Results RT-PCR showed that compared with the LG Group, E-cadherin mRNA expression in the HG group was significantly lower, and α-SMA mRNA expression was significantly increased(P＜0.05). E-cadherin mRNA expression in the 50 nmol/L Aldo group and 100 nmol/L Aldo group was significantly lower than that in the HG group, while the expression of α-SMA mRNA was significantly increased in the HG group(P＜0.05), with a dose-dependent relationship with aldosterone(r=-0.70,P＜0.05;r=0.67, P＜0.05). E-cadherin mRNA in the SP group was significantly higher,while α-SMA mRNA expression was lower than that in the HG group(P＜0.01). Immunohistochemistry and Western blot showed that compared with the LG group, E-cadherin protein expression was significantly reduced, and α-SMA expression was significantly increased in the HG group(P＜0.01). In the 10 nmol/L Aldo, 50 nmol/L Aldo, and the 100 nmol/L Aldo groups, E-cadherin protein expression was significantly lower, and α-SMA protein expression was significantly higher than that in the HG group(P＜0.05), with a dose-dependent relationship with aldosterone(r=-0.83,P＜0.05;r=0.81, P＜0.05). In the SP group, E-cadherin protein expression was higher, and α-SMA protein level was lower than that in the HG group(P＜0.05). Conclusion Aldosterone can promote EMT of tubular epithelial cells in a high sugar milieu, leading to renal interstitial fibrosis in Diabetic nephropathy. Spironolactone can inhibit high glucose-induced renal tubular epithelial cells EMT, which may be an important mechanism for the inhibition of renal interstitial fibrosis.

A device for promoting normal locomotor activity recuperation was made, which was composed by frame, elastic bolt and normal gait mark carpet. The device has the effects of weight relieving, abnormal gait preventing, and safeguards providing. The patient could do gait training by he/her self or assistant self training under the weight reducing and protecting of the device in order to improve the walking ability and the normal gait formation. It is effective for preventing drop foot and leg adduction, and also helpful for the recovery of normal gait ability and the prevention of abnormal gait formation. It is applicable for the patient who can not be trained with ordinary weight relief walking training, such as severe cerebral palsy and severe spasmodic lower extremity and foot drop after brain injury. The results demonstrated that the device is effective in protecting, correcting, preventing abnormal gait as well as forming normal gait.

Aim To investigate the effects of Fufangdanshen on TNF-? stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC) and discover potential molecular mechanism to cure atherosclerosis at molecular level.Methods TNF-? stimulated VSMC was used as dysfunction cell model;VSMC proliferation was detected with MTT and FACS;proteomic protocol involving 2-DE,image analysis and spectrometry detection were used to detect regulated protein by Fufangdanshen.Results Fufangdanshen inhibited expression of 16 proteins but promoted expression of 24 proteins in TNF-? stimulated VSMC.The expression of CaMKK and N-ras were decreased by Fufangdanshen,which farther decreased matrix metalloproteinase production;while cell cycle related protein p21,p53 were increased by Fufangdanshen in TNF-? treated VSMC.Conclusion The inhibition of proliferation and migration of VSMC through decreased matrix metalloproteinase production and increased cell cycle related protein p21,p53 might be the mechanism of Fufangdanshen to cure atherosclerosis.

Objective To analyze γ?secretase gene mutations in a pedigree with acne inversa. Methods Clinical data were collected from a pedigree with acne inversa, which contained 30 members spanning 4 generations. Of these members, 12 were affected by acne inversa, and 9 of the affected members were alive. Peripheral blood DNA was obtained from the proband, his seven relatives (including 4 affected and 3 unaffected members), and 100 unrelatedhealthy human controls. PCR was performed to amplify all the coding exons and their flanking sequences of the NCSTN, PSEN1, PSENEN, Aph1 genes followed by DNA sequencing. Results A heterozygous insertion mutation (c.229_230insCACC)of the PSENEN gene, which led to translational frameshifting and resulted in dysfunciton of the PSENEN protein, was detected in all the 5 patients, but not in unaffected members or healthy controls. Conclusion There is a novel heterozygous insertion mutation c.229_230insCACC in the PSENEN gene, which may be the molecular basis of acne inversa in this family.

Objective To measure expressions of nicastrin and its downstream Notch-HES signaling pathwayassociated proteins in skin lesions of patients with acne inversa harbouring nicastrin gene mutations.Methods An immunohistochemical study was performed to measure the expressions of nicastrin and Notch-HES signaling pathwayassociated proteins in paraffin-embeded skin samples from lesions of 4 patients with acne inversa and confirmed nicastrin mutations and from normal skin of 6 human controls.Spearman correlation analysis was carried out to assess the relationship between the expressions of nicastrin and Notch-HES signaling pathway-associated proteins.Results In normal control skin samples,nicastrin was widely distributed in the full-thickness epidermis and skin appendages such as pilosebaceous units,apocrine glands and eccrine glands.However,the expressions of nicastrin and Notch-HES signaling pathway-associated proteins were markedly decreased in the epidermis and hair follicle infundibulum in lesions of patients harbouring nicastrin gene mutations compared with normal control skin.Furthermore,nicastrin expression was positively correlated with Notchl,Notch3 and HES-1 expressions (r =0.831,0.748 and 0.807,P ＜ 0.01,0.05 and 0.01 respectively),but not significantly correlated with Notch2 or HES-5 expressions (r =0.597,0.591 respectively,both P ＞0.05).Conclusion Nicastrin expression markedly decreases in lesions of patients with acne inversa harbouring nicastrin gene mutations,and is positively correlated with the expressions of several Notch-HES signaling pathway-associated proteins,suggesting that the decrease in nicastrin expression may take part in the pathogenesis of acne inversa by influencing the expression of the downstream Notch-HES signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) of salivary glands is a rare malignant neoplasm. The purpose of this research was to investigate the clinicalpathologic features and treatment methods of this rare disease. METHOD: The clinical data and treatment outcomes of 17 patients from 2006 to 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULT: Ten males and seven females with a ratio of 1. 43:1 were involved. The II, III, IV stage cases were 7 (41.2%), 4 (23.5%), 6 (35.3%), respectively. The average follow-up duration was 2.56 years, and 12 patients had no evidence of recurrence. Five patients had local recurrence and (or) distant metastases within three years after surgery, including 4 deaths. CONCLUSION LEC in salivary gland is a high grade malignant tumor in oral and maxillofacial region, occurring predominately in parotid gland and submandibular gland. To prevent distant metastasis, radical surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy should be adopted.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; secondary ; Parotid Neoplasms ; pathology ; Rare Diseases ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; pathology ; Salivary Glands ; pathology ; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms ; pathology ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To develop one kind of device that can not only reduce the body weight,but also provide a good condition for training lower extremity potentialities.Methods The body weight bearing support and protection system,body weight reducing system and scaled footboard were made respectively.The lower extremity potentialities,nervous conduction speed and leg motion coordination ability training were done under protection and body weight reducing.Results The potential training device could exactly protect the patient and reduce body weight,and make the training step by step.Under the effects of protecting and body weight reducing of the potential training device,the training could be performed together with the Chinese traditional medicine rehabilitation method;that was physical and breathing exercises.The lower extremity potentialities were developed nicely.Conclusion The lower extremity potentialities training device is a useful training device which can bear body weight,have protective effect,develop lower extremity potentialities and improve coordination ability of lower extremities.