Pain is one of important topics in Bioethics.Pain,which looks like a simple physical symptom,involves the crucial ethical value.In Western bioethics,pain has been discussed for some decades.However,pain still hasn't been emphasized as an important topic in Chinese Bioethics world.Therefore,from bioethical perspectives,this article attempts to study pain under four subtitles: the notion of pain;some bioethical debates about pain;narrative of pain and illness,and pain: a way to go further for Bioethics studies.

In modern world,bioethics has become an international social movement since its inception during the mid-twentieth century.In the practices of clinical bioethics,methodology is the most crucial issue concerned by western scholars.Briefly,the article introduces and analyzes the empirical approach in contemporary European world,as well as explains the interaction between bioethics and naturalism.Based on current development of mainstream ethics,the article also tries to answer the question about "is and ought" in the background of clinical practice.The research aims at providing the ideas and experiences for the development of Chinese clinical bioethics.

The actuality of natural medicines in China,Europe,America,and Korea were explained, and analyzing existing problems of research and development of the natural medicines in China combing development trend of natural medicines,research trend,future direction,thought and methods for research of natural medicines were put forward in the paper.

MicroRNA (miRNAs) are endogenous,small and noncoding regulatory RNAs,which widely exist in eukaryotes.MiRNAs regulate the expression of target gene by translating inhibition or mRNA destabilization.MiRNAs have been recognized as a major regulatory fashion of post-transcriptional gene expression and play important roles in many cellular biological processes,including cellular proliferation,diffcrentiation,cell death.Alteration of expression and/or dysregulation of miRNAs are related to a wide variety of severe fundus diseases,such as diabetic retinopathy,age-related macular degeneration and retinoblastoma.This review aimed to provide a summary of the recent progress in the effect of miRNAs on fundus diseases.

Objective: To explore the differences between the internal social adaptation and external social behaviors of freshmen. Methods: Make a survey of 198 freshmen on the internal adaptation and external by General Well-Being Schedule and Undergraduate Social Adaptation Questionnaires. Results:Freshmen' social adaptation mainly involves three factors: interpersonal communication, the state of campus life and performance of studies. The Cronbach alpha of 3 factors were 0.82, 0.87 and 0.90,and the re-test reliability was r=0.73 (P

Objective:To study the cognitive features of text anxiety. Methods: The cognitive features of text anxiety were explored by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis on the basis of interview,questionnaire surveying and criterion.Results:There were 6 cognitive factors leading to test anxiety: self-test, worrying, magnifying conclusion, resistance, preparing, self-efficacy.Conclusion: The 6 factors of cognition about text are related to text anxiety

Acrylonitrile ; toxicity ; Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Testis ; drug effects ; pathology

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; genetics ; Bone Marrow Diseases ; genetics ; pathology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency ; genetics ; pathology ; Glucose-6-Phosphatase ; genetics ; Humans ; Leukocyte Elastase ; genetics ; Lipomatosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Mutation ; Neutropenia ; congenital ; genetics ; Proteins ; genetics ; Transcription Factors ; genetics

The tobacco epidemic is a problem with serious consequence for public health in the whole world. Reducing the tobacco harm and protecting public health have become a crucial topic for ethics. This paper, firstly, presents some facts related to the tobacco epidemic. Based on these facts, then, it analyzes the issue from ethical perspectives. And finally, it discusses the moral responsibilities for reducing the tobacco epidemic.

OBJECTIVE:To study the stability of omeprazole in micro-pump by continuous administration.METHODS:RP-HPLC were used to determine the concentrations of omeprazole at different times in micro-pump after administrcotion24h by simulating the dose mode in clinical.RESULTS:Omeprazole for injection was stable in6h after administration.CON?CLUSIONS:The time of taking omeprazole via micro-pump should be controled in6h.