Objective To investigate the cognition of falling from doctors,nurses and patients in eight Chongqing local hospitals,and develop targeted health education to prevent the occurrence of falling events.Methods Based on data analysis of 368 falling cases from eight Chongqing local hospitals,a selfdesigned questionnaire was developed and used to investigate doctors,nurses and patients from these eight hospitals.1 393 questionnaires were returned,with a recovery rate of 97.69％.The method of t test,analysis of variance and Chi Square （x2) test were used for analysis.Results Nurses had highest recognition for falling features,doctor followed,patients with the lowest,the differences had statistical significance; Nurses' cognitive degree from Third-Grade A-Level hospital was above that of nurses from Second-Grade A-Level hospital,the differences had statistical significance; Doctors' cognition of hospitalization days when falling and susceptible population of falling was lower than that of nurses.Nurses thought falling tended to occur from nightfall to midnight.Conclusions Survey found that,the cognitions of falling from doctors,nurses and patients were different from actual results.Cognition were also different among three sides of them,according to the survey results,health education for different objects should be provided,raise everyone's awareness,thus using targeted falling prevention measures to reduce the incidence of falling.

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine gland malignanct tumor. Numerous studies have found that the content of peripheral blood circulating RNA in various cancer types is aberrantly expressed, which could be a potential biological diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. Tissue-speciifc messenger RNA has a dysregulated expression and may be used for the diagnosis and residual/metastatic detection of thyroid cancer. Recent studies have showed that non-coding RNA (ncRNA) could act as oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in bacteria, fungi and mam-mals. It plays a regulatory role in occurrence and development of tumors and stably exists in peripheral blood. It is hopeful that it will become a new marker for diagnosis of tumors. This review introduces some latest research progress on circulating RNA associated with thyroid cancer; and emphatically discuss the role of mRNA, microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) in thyroid tumorigenesis and metastasis.

Smoking and exposure to second hand smoke are the deadly killer of human health. Tobacco kills more than one million people each year in China. According to 2015 Chinese adult tobacco survey, the number of smokers in China increased by 15 million during five years, from 301 million in 2010 to 316 million in 2015. Smoking addiction is a chronic recurrent disease, and its pathogenesis is associated with the mesolimbic dopamine system. In recent years, domestic and overseas scholars studied the brain function of smoking addicts through resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and found that the brain functional activity of smoking addicts has changed. fMRI can help us understand the mechanism of tobacco dependence, and provide the evidence of diagnosis, treatment and health management of tobacco dependence. In this paper, the present study situation and the application in the field of the treatment and management of smoking cessation of fMRI in smoking addicts are reviewed.

?AlM: To observe the expression of Acin1 ( apoptotic chromatin condensation inducer 1 ) in congenital cataract mouse retina during development and investigate the differences of retinal apoptosis and the connection of lens and retina development between congenital cataract mouse and normal mouse.
?METHODS: There were congenital cataract mice ( 10 female and 5 male) and normal C57BL/6 mice (10 female and 5 male) . One male and two female mice were fed in the same cage randomly. The young mice were divided into two groups: congenital cataract group and normal control group. Five young mice were treated each group on 1, 5, 9, 14, 17, 21, 26, 60d. The left eyes were fixed with 4% neutral formalin to detect AClN1 protein by immunohistochemistry and retinas from right eyes were used to detect the mRNA expression of Acin1.
?RESULTS: Acin1 had sustained expression in each group. AClN1 protein gradually expressed from the ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer to the outer nuclear layer following retinal development. lt mainly expressed on ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer, but not neuroblastoma layer. AClN1 protein positive cells on P1 ~ P14d increased in normal control group, P17d reduced, after P21d positive cells of each layers decreased. The overall trend was similar in congenital cataract group with normal control group, P1 ~ P14d positive cells count was lower than normal control group, P17-P21d positive cells were flat and higher than the normal control group. Compared with the same day of the two groups, the differences except for P17, P26, P60d were significant (P<0. 05). The overall difference was statistically significant in congenital cataract group ( Fcataract=295. 07, P<0. 01);in addition to P1 and P5, P17 and P21, the differences were statistically significant ( P< 0. 05 ) compared with each other in congenital cataract group. The overall difference was statistically significant in control group (Fnormal=214. 21, P<0. 01); in addition to P1 and P5d, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0. 05) compared with each other in control group. The expression of P17d in congenital cataract group was lower compared with that of P14d in control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). Acin1 mRNA trends of two groups were similar with AClN1 protein. Compared with the same day of the two groups, the difference was significant except for P17, P21, P60d (P<0. 05 ) . The overall difference was statistically significant in each other of the two groups ( Fcataract=522. 29, P<0. 01;Fnormal=472. 05, P<0. 01). The difference was statistically significant compared with each day in control group ( P<0. 05). Compared with all the rest of days except for P21 and P26d, the difference was statistically significant in congenital cataract group (P<0. 05).
?CONCLUSlON: Acin1 exist differential expression of time and space in mouse retina during development, congenital cataract crystal developmental disorder may affect the expression of Acin1 and retinal cell apoptosis and development.

Objective To monitor flow rate accuracy of the infusion pump and injection pump by using evidence-based methods , and to provide the basis for management and monitoring of medical clinical devices .Methods The flow rate accuracy of 188 infusion pumps and 253 injection pumps in the hospital were monitored ,the correction between instrument using length ,maintenance fre-quency and the flow rate accuracy were analyzed .And compared the impact of flow rate accuracy affected by instruments using length and maintenance frequency .Results The flow rate accuracy of infusion pumps and injection pumps in the hospital were 47 .34% and 79 .84% ,the instrument using length had no effect on flow rate accuracy (P> 0 .05) ,and the pass yield of maintain regular was higher the irregular maintaining ,the longer of maintenance cycle the lower of pass yield (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Using evidence-based methods in medical devices safety monitoring can help deep discover potential safety hazards ,identify problems and provide scientific solutions .

Objective To evaluate the value of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography（RT3DE）to predict the long-term response to cardiac resynchronization therapy（CRT）.Methods Twenty-six patients with heart failure were scheduled for CRT.RT3DE was performed before and one year after the pacemaker implantation,and left ventricular（LV）dyssynchrony was defined as the maximum difference（Tmsv 16-Dif）and standard deviation（Tmsv 16-SD）when the minimum systolic volume of 16 segments was reached.Patients were divided into re-sponders and non-responders according to a reduction ≥15 % in LV end-systolic volume（LVESV）after CRT.Results Seventeen patients（65.4 %）were classified as responders.Compared with non-responders,the responders demonstrated a significant increase in LV ejection fraction,and reduction in Tmsv 16-SD.Tmsv 16-SD was a determinant factor for Δ LVESV ≥15%.Tmsv 16-SD 〉3.5% could be employed to evaluate the short-term response to CRT with 80 % sensitivity and 77 % specificity.Conclusions CRT can increase the LV systolic function and synchrony.RT3DE is highly predictive for long-term response to CRT

Objective To silence the expression of CTGF by small interfering RNA technology,to observe the influence on fibroblast?like synovial cell apoptosis and several apoptosis?related genes,and to explore the mechanism of action of CTGF in rheumatoid arthritis synovial lesions. Methods Effective CTGF siRNA was screened through real?time PCR. The influence of CTGF siRNA on FLS apoptosis was detected with FITC?PI double staining by flow cytometry. bax,bcl?xl and survivin were detected using real?time PCR when CTGF mRNA has been silenced. Results Compared with other 2 groups of oligo and NC oligo,H1 oligo exhibited the strongest interfering action to CTGF(inhibition ratio>70%),so that it is selected as the effective target gene sequence for the following experiment. Apoptosis of FLS induced by serum deprivation was significantly decreased in the presence of exogenous CTGF. When expression of the CTGFgene was knocked down in FLS,FLS apoptosis was significantly increased,and expres?sion levels of survivin mRNA were decreased significantly(P<0.01). Conclusion FLS survival is positively regulated by CTGF,which may through the sustaining the expression of survivin.

Objective To explore the effect of ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis .Methods though early diagnose of RA by ultrasound ,DAS28 and MRI′s result to measure the accuracy of ultrasound test .then though the ul‐trasound index at different time point in the treatment of RA patients ,we knew the changes of the joint ,and provide treatment plan and prognosis .Results ultrasound had high accuracy rate in the diagnoses of RA(P< 0 .05) ,and there were correlation among ul‐trasound diagnoses accuracy and DAS28 and MRI score(r= 0 .859 ,P< 0 .05) ;at the same time ,it provided accurate changes of the joint during the treatment ,and provided basis for treatment .Conclusion Ultrasound has manifest advantageous in diagnose RA .It could be used as a method in early diagnose RA and evaluate the effect on RA′s treatment .

Objective To explore different socio-demographic and clinical characteristics for early onset patients (EOP) with psoriasis and late onset patients (LOP) with psoriasis in Chinese population and to provide scientific evidences for establishing comprehensive prevention and treatment strategy for psoriasis.Methods Cross-sectional study was performed.A total of 942 diagnosed psoriasis patients who paid a visit to outpatient clinic in a tertiary hospital in China from 12th September 2013 to 19th May 2015 was consecutively enrolled and investigated.Exploratory analysis was conducted to detect the association between disease onset age and patients features.Results Among 942 enrolled psoriasis outpatients,the average age was (40.6 ± 13.6) years with a range from 5 to 80 years.The sex ratio was 2.1 in favor of male.The most observed type of psoriasis in the present study was psoriasis vulgaris (98.3％).The average psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) for patients were 9.47 ±7.63.Comorbidity was combined in 20.2％ cases.Patients with EOP had a significantly higher likelihood of family history of disease.Compared EOP to LOP,LOP had a significantly higher likelihood of comorbidities involvement (P ＜ 0.05) and significant higher BMI index (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The present study supports the hypothesis that there are clinical differences between EOP and LOP in Chinese population.Both dermatologists and patients should pay more attention to psoriasis-associated features,such as family history and comorbidity diseases involvements.

Background As a main suppressing neurotransmitter in visual system,gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) participates in the transmission and regulation of visual information.GABA and dopamine (DA) coexist in the visual cortex,and their mutual effects should be clarified.Objective This study was to investigate the effect of DA on GABA-activated current in vitro in cultured visual cortical neurons of rats.Methods Neutrons from visual cortex of clean neonatal rats were isolated and cultured by explant culture method.The neutrons cultured for 11 -to 14- days were collected for the record of whole cell currents of GABA-A (IGABA) channels in vitro using patch clamp technique.The DA solution (100mmol/L),SKF38393 (10mmol/L) solution and quinpirole solution(10mmol/L) were prepared with double distilled water and then the extracellular fluid was added to different concentrations.The IGABA changing rate under the action of SKF38393+SCH23390,SKF38393+Quinpirole for different time was recorded respectively and compared with that of action of DA,SKF38393,SCH23390,Quinpirole.The IGABA activated by extracellular fluid along served as control.Results The IGABA was significantly attenuated after activated by ≥10μmol/L of DA or SKF38393 separately in comparison to that of extracellular fluid action (P＜0.05).In various time of action,there were obviously differences in IGABA between DA or SKF38393 action and extracellular fluid (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).No evident change in IGABA changing rate was found after only SCH23390 action in comparison with extracellular cells (P＜0.05).However,after combination of SCH23390 and SKF38393,IGABA changing rate reduced by 19.49%.No significant differences were found in the changing rates of IGABA among different concentrations of quinpirole action groups compared with extracellular fluid group (P＞0.05);while when quinpirole was combined with SKF38393,the IGABA was elevated in comparison with only SKF38393 action group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Dopamine participates in the transfer and regulation of visual information through suppressing GABA-activated currents from neutrons of visual cortex at time-dependent manner in vitro.