Objective To study the CT features and its correlation of normal neonates and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).Methods 128 cases of normal neonate brains were scanned, the CT value arrangement was got by measuring CT value of bilateral cerebral parenchyma of related slices. On this basis, a quantitative classification criteria was made for 332 cases of neonatal HIE.Results The CT value of normal neonates were ranging from 27 to 39 Hu for cerebral cortex and from 20 to 28 HU for cerebral medulla. Neonates with HIE could be classified into three degrees according to CT value (17~19.9 HU for gentle degree, 14~16.9 HU for moderate degree and below 14 HU for severe degree).Conclusion The measuring CT value of cerebral cortex and medulla for normal neonates and neonatal HIE can play a significant role in clinical diagnosis of HIE.

Objective To investigate clinical efficacy of the CT guided mixture Danshen injection into the periganglionic space in the treatment of lumbocrural pain.Methods Mixture Danshen infiltrations were performed in 63 patients with lumbocrural pain under CT guidance.Scores of VAS were compared at 3 and 6 months after the therapeutic procedure with evaluation of the efficacy.Results Significant pain reduction was observed in 51 patients (51/63,80.95%),with the score of VAS 7.60± 2.00 (before therapy) dropping to 3.85 ± 1.60 (after 1 month) and 4.05± 1.70 (after 6 month).Differences of VAS scores before and after the therapy were statistically significant.Differences between one-month and three-month follow-up were not statistically significant.Conclusion Mixture Danshen injection around the spinal nerve roots under CT guidance is safe and useful in the treatment of lumbocrural pain.

MR appearance of brain metastases from 33 cases of lung carcinoma was reported. The lesions were mainly localized in the cerebrum associated with edema in varying degrees. Squamous cell carcinoma had a tendency to cystic degeneration and adenocarcinoma to bleeding. The low signal rings around the bleeding locus were irregular in T2WI imaging. Enhanced MR could find the lesions that noncontrast-enhanced MR could not. From the above, it was concluded that MRI had an important value in the imaging diagnosis of brain metastases from lung carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of adrenal tumors by MRI.Methods The MRI features of adrenal tumors proved pathologically in 26 patients were reviewed,and were comparatively studied with the results of operation and pathology.All patients received pre-and post-contrast MRI scans,the morphology,size,margin,signal intensity and enhancement pattern of the lesion were observed.Results Of 26 adrenal tumors,8 were pheochromocytoma which were encapsulated mass with long T 1 heterogeneous T 2 signal and heterogeneous enhancement,the characteristic manifestations were prominent high signal on T 2WI,heterogeneous signals were showed in haemorrhagia,necrosis,cystic formation.5 cases were metastatic tumors from pulmonary cancers,the shape and signal of tumons were regular or irregular.6 cases were adenomas which were showed as round mass with distinct margin and iso-signal without necrosis and cystic formation.Adenocarcinoma was seen in 4 cases and was manifested as irregular long T 1 heterogeneous T 2 signal and heterogeneous enhancement, the surrounding tissues and blood vessel were involved. Myelolipoma was found in 3 cases and presented as short T 1 and short T 2 signal intensity.Conclusion MRI is valuable in diagnosis and differentiated diagnosis of adrenal tumors, and is important in the delineation of tumor extent and surgical planning.

In order to evaluate the value of magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) and dynamic examination of duodenal fluid in the differential diagnosis between extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) and infantile hepatitis syndrome (IHS), 52 patients with infantile cholestatic jaundice were examined by MRC and duodenal fluid examination. Original interpretations were compared with clinical outcome. Calculated sensitivity of duodenal fluid examination in diagnosis of EHBA was 100%, and specificity was 91.1%. Sensitivity of MRC in the diagnosis of EHBA was 94.4% and specificity 88.24%. The sensitivity of MRC and examination of duodenal fluid combined in diagnosis of EHBA was 94.4% and specificity 97.06%. We are led to conclude that MRC and dynamic examination of duodenal fluid are useful in the differential diagnosis between IHS and EHBA and the combined use of the two techniques yield better results.

Objective To compare the efficiency of enhanced T2* weighted angiography (ESWAN) sequence with that of a conventional T2*-weighted gradient-recalled-echo (GRE T2*WI) sequence for the detection of hemorrhagic shearing lesions in patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI). And combined with MRI parameters, to further discuss the principles and virtues of ESWAN sequence. Methods Seventeen patients with DAI were enrolled in this study. The raw data acquired from ESWAN scan were postprocessed by using the mean square root of multi-echoes. Then, the postprocessed images were compared with the conventional GRE T2* weighted images. The global and regional (superficial, deep and posterior fossa) lesion numbers determined by both sequences were compared by using Wilcoxon signed ranks test (two-tailed). Differences were considered to be significant at P≤0.05. Results Hemorrhagic lesions were more obvious on ESWAN images than those on conventional GRE T2* weighted images. The median and range value of the detected lesion numbers on ESWAN images were 27 and (1-239) in whole brain, 13 and (1-89) in cerebral superficial region, 5 and (0-111) in cerebral deep region and 1 and (0-39) in posterior fossa region, respectively; whereas, on GRE T2* weighted images, they were 7 and (1-34) in whole brain, 5 and (1-27) in cerebral superficial region, 2 and (0-25) in cerebral deep region and 0 and (0-4) in posterior fossa region, respectively. There were significant statistical differences between the two sequences in revealing the lesions in all the four regions (Z=-3.519,-3.182,-3.185,-2.677,P＜0.05). Conclusion In ESWAN sequence, multi-echo acquisition ensured sufficient magnetic susceptibility for detecting small hemorrhagic lesions. So, ESWAN is more sensitive to small hemorrhage, which revealed more hemorrhagic lesions than conventional GRE T2*WI and presented more valuable information for the diagnosis of DAI.

Objective To study the value of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging(MR-DTI) in evaluating the severity of liver cirrhosis.Methods Seventeen patients with Child A liver fibrosis (age=35.0+11.8 years,14 males and 3 females),12 with Child B(age=44.7+14.0 years,5 males and 7 females) and 8 with Child C(age=48.7+7.6 years,3 males and 5 females) were recruited.All patients had clinical data and serum makers in full.Fifty normal controls (age=35.2+14.2,28 males and 22 females) were also recruited.Diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) was performed in all subjects using a GE Propeller HD 1.5T MR scanner by employing a spin echo single-shot EPI(echo planar imaging) sequence.Average diffusion coefficient(DCave) and fractional anisotropy(FA) maps were generated from each P articipants DTI scan using AW 4.2 functool software.All the statistic analysis was performed in SPSS 13.0 , and P value of less than 0.05 was deemed to be significant . Results DCave values were 1.54±0.25 ,1.33±0.18 ,1.02±0.12 ,0.66±0.27 in control group and Child A , B , C respectively , the FA values were 0.46±0.10, 0.42±0.08, 0.56±0.05,0.71±0.41 in control group and Child A, B, C respectively. Significantly low DCave and changed FA in liver fibrosis group were found(P< 0. 05). Among the four groups, significant differences were found in DCave values and FA values(P<0.05) except control group VS Child A group in FA values(P=0.54).Conclusion MR-DTI is relevant to the severity of liver cirrhosis, and may be a useful tool for evaluating the severity of liver cirrhosis.

Objective To study clinical efficacy of leuprorelin acetate in treatment of uterine adenomyosis with infertility.Methods From January 1,2011 to March 31,2012,166 cycles in 166 infertile patients combined with uterine adenomyosis undergoing in vitro fertilization embryo transplant (IVF-ET) with long protocol ovum induction by leuprorelin acetate in centre of medical reproduction,ningbo women and children's hospital were studied retrospectively.In the mean time,200 cycles in 200 infertile patients with tubal factors were enrolled as control group.The volume of uterus and outcome of IVF-ET were compared and studied between two groups.Results (1) Volume of uterus:in adenomyosis group,after 2-6 cycles of injecting leuprorelin acetate (3.75 mg/28 days),the mean uterine volume was shrinked from (180 ±73) cm3 to (86 ± 67) cm3 (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Outcome of IVF-ET:the rate of embryo implantation was 39.1％ in adenomyosis group and 35.8％ in control group.The rate of clinical pregnancy was 54.2％ in adenomyosis group and 53.7％ in control group.The rate of abortion was 4.7％ in adenomyosis group and 4.2％ in control group.They all did not show statistical differences (P ＞0.05).(3) In adenomyosis group,the rate of fertilization,two pronuclear (2PN) and superior embryo were 67.2％ (319/475),60.8％(289/475) and 52.9％ (162/306) in patients with failed pregnancy and 74.2％ (423/570),67.7％(386/570) and 62.1％ (256/412) in patients with successful pregnancy after IVF-ET,which reached significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Leuprorelin acetate could improve volume of uterine adenomyosis and outcome of pregnancy in patients undergoing IVF-ET.

Objective To preliminarily investigate the feasibility of MRI-T2* map in evaluating myocardial iron load of myocardial iron overload rabbit models.Methods Eleven rabbits were included in this study and divided into two groups,myocardial iron overload group (n =10) and the control group (n =1).Iron dextrin (dose of 50 mg/kg) was injected in muscles of thigh once a week,totally 12 weeks.Serum iron test and MRI examination were performed before iron injection,and 1 week to 12 weeks after iron injection.MRI scan protocol included short axial T2* map of the left ventricle and cross-section T2* map of the liver.T2* and R2* of the heart and the liver were measured.One rabbit was killed after MRI examination at pre-iron injection,1 week to 8 weeks,11 weeks and 12 weeks after iron injection,respectively.Heart and liver were avulsed to undergo in vitro MRI scan and then paraffin embedded for pathological slices.MRI scan protocol and measurements of the heart and the liver samples were the same to that of in vivo ones.Pearson correlation was used to calculate the relationships between the parameters.Results Myocardial T2* [(32.5 ± 8.3 ms)] and R2* values [(38.4 ± 7.9) Hz] had significant correlation with injecting iron content(1 033.2 ± 673.4 mg),the Pearson coefficients were-0.799 (P =0.001) and 0.770 (P =0.002),respectively.Myocardial T2 had no significant correlation with liver T2* values (r =0.556,P =0.070).T2* values of heart and liver in vivo [(32.5 ± 8.3) ms and (8.8 ± 5.4) ms],respectively had strong correlation with those in vitro [(19.4 ± 6.5) ms and (9.8 ± 5.0) ms],respectively (r =0.757,P =0.007 and r=0.861,P=0.001).T2* and R2* values of the heart and the liver in vivo and in vitro had no significant correlations with serum iron (P ＞ 0.05).On Prussian blue staining slices,blue particles of myocardium,sinus hepaticus and hepatocyte increased with injecting iron content.Conclusions It is feasible for MRI-T2* map to evaluate the myocardial iron load noninvasively.It may provide reliable information for detecting myocardial iron overload in patients with iron overload at an early stage.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of ADC values in the evaluation of normal fetal brain development by measuring ADC values changes in specific regions with advancing gestational age.Methods Forty fetuses(gestational age:24 to 41 weeks) with normal brain underwent DWI(b value were 0 and 600 s/mm2).ADC values of the frontal white matter(WM),occipital WM,thalamus,basal ganglia,and cerebellum were measured by post-processing software.The differences among different regions' ADC values were calculated by repeated measurements of ANOVA,and simple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between ADC values and gestational age.Results The mean ADC valuesof 40 fetuses were(1 800±214) ×10-6mm2/s in frontal WM,(1 400±100) ×10-6mm2/s in basal ganglia,(1 300±126) ×10-6mm2/s in thalamus,(1 700±133) ×10-6mm2/s in occipital WM and(1 400± 155) × 10-6mm2/s in cerebellum,respectively.There was significant difference in the ADC values among the five regions(F=80.813,P＜0.01).In pair-wise comparison,ADC values of basal ganglia,thalamus and cerebellum had no significant difference; however,others had significant difference between each other.With the increasing gestational age,ADC values of basal ganglia,thalamus,occipital WM and cerebellum decreased,and had significant negative correlations with gestational age(Pearson correlation coefficient were-0.568,-0.716,-0.830 and-0.700,respectively,all P＜0.01).In terms of ADC value,occipital WM declined fastest with gestational age,followed by cerebellum and thalamus,and the slowest was basal ganglia.Frontal ADC values showed no correlation with gestational age(P＞0.05).Conclusions Specific regions of fetal brain have specific ADC values,and ADC values of the region undergo regular change with advancing gestational age.ADC value is a specific quantitative parameter that could help to evaluate normal brain development and early diagnosis of fetal brain lesions.