p9O ribosomal S6 kinases(BSKs)are overexpressed in 50% human breast cancer. RSKs enhance the proliferation of breast cancer cells by regulating several key breast cancer-related proteins. They also improve survival of the breast cancer cells through regulating translocation and translation of mRNA. In addition. RSK promotes tumor angiogenesis by interaction with estrogen receptor. However, RSK4 may play an inhibitory role in breast cancer. In general, except RSK4,RSKs may become promising targets of breast cancer therapy.

Objective To retrospectively study histopathologic features of ulcerous colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) by endoscopic biopsy. Methods Data of age, gender and intestinal involvement of 106 cases of CD and 180 cases of UC confirmed by pathology were reviewed. Mucosal architecture, chronic inflammation, acute inflammation and epithelial features were evaluated based on histopathological criteria.These features were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with CD cases, UC showed significantly higher percentage of architectural disorders ( P ＜ 0. 05 ), lower percentage of discontinuous chronic inflammation ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) and higher incidence of cryptitis, crypt abscesses and polymorph cells in lamina propria (P ＜0. 05 ), and higher rate of epithelium damage, flattened and less mucous cell as well. Granuloma, pseudo pylorus glands metaplasia and narrow ulcer only occurred in CD cases. Lesions of 90% (162/180) cases of UC were limited to colon, while those of 28% (30/106) of CD cases to ileocecum, and those of 56% (59/106) CD cases involved different parts of gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion Diagnosis of CD and UC needs comprehensive analysis. Diagnostic evidence for CD includes focal involvement of ileocecum, the multifocal involvement in gastrointestinal tract, granuloma, discontinuous inflammation, pyloric gland metaplasia, while that for UC includes mucosal damage limited to colon, continuous chronic inflammation, architectural disorders, or epithelial damage.

AIM: To investigate the effects of synthetical glucocorticoid dexamethasone(Dex) on the activation of two members of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase1/2(ERK1/2 ) and p38 MAPK (p38) in human ovarian cancer cell line HO-8910. METHODS: The activation of ERK1/2 and p38 was determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Inhibition of activation of ERK1 and ERK2 by 10 -7 mol/L Dex occurred at 5 min, with maximum up to 41% and 54% respectively at 30 min ( P

Purpose:To investigate whether transforming growth factor ?1 (TGF ?1) pathway is involved in the mechanism of dexamethasone (Dex) mediated proliferation inhibition in ovarian cancer cell line HO 8910.Methods:To analyse cell proliferation and cell cycle distribution by cell counts and flow cytometric analysis, respectively ; to determine the expression levels of TGF ?1 and its two receptors, T?R Ⅰ and T?R Ⅱ , by quantative RT PCR, ELISA and(or) immunocytochemistry methods.Results:Dex induced a G 0 /G 1 cell cycle arrest in HO 8910 cells, and it up regulated T?R Ⅱ expression in a concentration dependent manner.The level of T?R Ⅱ mRNA was the highest after treatment with Dex for 8 hours, with 1.4 fold more than that of control at concentration of 10 -7 mol/L ( P

Objective: To explore influence of abnormal glucose metabolism on vascular endothelial injury in patients with essential hypertension (EH). Methods: A total of 46 pure EH patients (EH group) and 33 EH patients complicated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, EH + T2DM group) were enrolled. Blood glucose, blood lipid, body mass index (BMI), serum concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy) and urine microalbumin were measured and compared between two groups. Relationship among serum Hcy, urine microalbumin concentrations and blood glucose, blood lipids, BMI were analyzed. Results: Compared with EH group, there were significant increase in levels of BMI, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2h postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB), (P<0.05 or <0.01), and even more significant increase in serum levels of Hcy [(12.78±2.51) μmol/L vs. (16.26±2.91) μmol/L] and urine microalbumin [(19.45±5.24) mg/L vs. (33.65±10.70) mg/L] in EH + T2DM group, P<0.01 both; Pearson correlation analysis indicated that in EH patients with DM, serum Hcy level was positively correlated with BMI, FBG, HbA1c, LDL-C, ApoB and urine microalbumin (r=0.667~0.906，P<0.01 all), while urine microalbumin level was positively correlated with BMI, HbA1c, LDL-C, ApoB and serum Hcy (r=0.566~0.685, P<0.01 all). Conclusion: Abnormal glucose metabolism can aggravate both vascular endothelial injury and renal microvascular injury in patients with essential hypertension, and these are closely related with degree of abnormal glucose metabolism. Therefore, controlling blood glucose level can relieve vascular injury, further relieve pathological development of cardiovascular diseases as well as renal complications.

Objective: To explore the influence of impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) on cardiovascular function in patients with essential hypertension (EH). Methods: A total of 46 pure EH patients and 36 EH + type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were selected. Levels of blood glucose, blood lipids, serum uric acid (UA), fibrinogen (Fb), serum homocysteine (Hcy) and urinary microalbumin were measured, and patients received 24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and color Doppler echocardiography. Clinic indexes, ambulatory blood pressure parameters and incidence rate of cardiac diastolic dysfunction were compared and analyzed between two groups. Cardiac diastolic dysfunction was regarded as a binary dependent variable, and it underwent multi-factor gradual binary regression analysis. Results: Body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, blood lipids (except high density lipoprotein cholesterol, apoprotein AI), UA, Fb, serum Hcy and urinary microalbumin levels in EH + T2DM group were significantly higher than those of pure EH group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and their 24h mean systolic blood pressure (24hSBP), daytime mean SBP (dSBP), 24h mean pulse pressure (24hPP) and daytime mean PP (dPP) were significantly higher than those of pure EH patients (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of both groups was > 40%, and incidence rate of cardiac diastolic dysfunction in EH + T2DM group (72.2%) was significantly higher than that of pure EH group (45.7%), P<0.05. Binary Logistic regression analysis indicated that age (OR=1.160, 95%CI: 1.002~1.342, P=0.012), DM (OR=3.095, 95%CI: 1.056~9.079, P=0.029) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c, OR=1.756, 95%CI: 1.261~2.445, P=0.008) were independent risk factors for cardiac diastolic dysfunction in EH patients. Conclusion: Impaired glucose metabolism aggravates cardiovascular system dysfunction in patients with essential hypertension through aggravating atherosclerosis and cardiac early diastolic dysfunction. Therefore, improvement of glucose metabolism in these patients could help to reduce their risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective To study the implication of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C?2(PLC-?2) in gastric cancer MGC80-3 cells treated by TPA.Methods The effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-1,3-acetate(TPA) on gastric cancer MGC80-3 cells was detected and analyzed by DAPI staining under fluorescence microscope.The effect of TPA on the expression level of PLC-?2 protein was detected by Western blotting,when nuclear and cytoplasmic protein fractions were prepared through lysis of cell and centrifugation.Localization and translocation of PLC-?2 were observed under laser scanning confocal microscope with immune-fluorescence technique.After MGC80-3 cells were pretreated by U73122(PLC-?2 inhibitor),the effect of TPA on PLC-?2 was detected by Western blotting and laser scanning confocal microscope with immunefluorescence technique,and the effect of U73122 on MGC80-3 cells followed by TPA was observed and analyzed by DAPI staining under fluorescence microscope. Results TPA induced the apoptosis of gastric cancer MGC80-3 cells.Meanwhile,TPA increased the expression level of PLC-?2 protein and induced its translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus.U73122 inhibited the effect of TPA on the expression level of PLC-?2 protein,but it did not affect on the cell apoptosis induced by TPA.However,the translocation of PLC-?2 protein induced by TPA was not inhibited by its inhibitor(U73122).Conclusion Although TPA could increase the expression level of PLC-?2 protein,it is not directly related to the cell apoptosis induced by TPA.However,its translocation might be related with the apoptosis of gastric cancer.

AIM: To report a case of late onset diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) after laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK) in 11 months due to corneal trauma. ·METHODS: A 22-year-old female patient underwent uneventful bilateral LASIK using a laserSight SLX excimer laser and Moria II microkeratome. No complications were observed during the operation and the early postoperative period.·RESULTS: 11 months after LASIK, grade I DLK was diagnosed after the book paper hurt the right corneal epithelium. The DLK responded rapidly to topical corticosteroid therapy, and healed in 2 weeks without complication. ·CONCLUSION: Although DLK Wpically develops in the early postoperative period, it could occur months after surgery. Treatment should begin as soon as DLK is diagnosed.

Objective: To evaluate 2D CDUS ultrasound in estimating lesions of carotid and femoral arteries in diabetes mellitus. Methods: Forty patients were divided into 3 groups by age. We detected their carotid and femoral arteries using two dimensional and PW Doppler ultrasonography. The lesions degree were assessed according to U B 6 classification. Results: Higher incidence and more serious degree of arteries lesions occurred in diabetes mellitus than those in control group ( P 40 years old than in group ≤40 years old in diabetes mellitus ( P

Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 80% of lung cancer cases, but only 25%-30% of initially diagnosed patients have the option of radical surgery because of the lack of effective measures for early diagnosis. For locally advanced and advanced NSCLC, radiotherapy alone or comprehensive treatment with chemoradiotherapy is the main treatment method; however, the curative effect is unsatisfactory. Recently, increasing evidence sug-gests that targeted drugs, such as epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), combined with radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy represent a promising treatment modality for NSCLC. This review will discuss the research status of EGFR-TKIs and radiotherapy for locally advanced and advanced NSCLC.