Objective: To optimize the warning threshold values of common communicable diseases in Gansu province, and improve the early warning effect. Method: An early warning model was set up for influenza, scarlet fever, other infectious diarrheal diseases, dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid, viral hepatitis type E and hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) respectively in Gansu by using the moving percentile method and cumulative sum method. By calculating the sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of positive test, predictive value of negative test, Youden' index and receiver-operating characteristic curve, the optimum early warning threshold values for communicable diseases in Gansu were selected. Results: The optimum early warning boundary values of influenza, scarlet fever, other infectious diarrheal diseases, dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid, and viral hepatitis type E were P(90), P(80), P(95), P(90), P(80) and P(90) respectively. The optimum early warning parameters of HFMD were k=1.2, H=5σ. Under the optimum early warning boundary values/parameters, the early warning sensitivities of influenza, scarlet fever, other infectious diarrheal diseases, dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid, viral hepatitis type E and HFMD were 86.67%, 100.00%, 91.67%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 100.00% and 100.00%, the specificities were 86.49%, 62.22%, 75.00%, 100.00%, 97.92%, 89.13% and 74.47%. The predictive values of positive test were 72.22%, 29.17%, 52.38%, 100.00%, 80.00%, 54.55% and 29.41%, and the predictive values of negative test were 94.12%, 100.00%, 96.77%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 100.00% and 100.00%, and the Youden' indexes were 0.73, 0.62, 0.67, 1.00, 0.98,0.89 and 0.74. Receiver-operating characteristic curve showed that the values/parameters of this warning boundary were the points closest to the upper left of the coordinate diagram. Conclusion: The early warning thresholds of influenza, other infectious diarrheal diseases, dysentery and hepatitis E in Gansu may be raised appropriately and the early warning parameters of HFMD need to be adjusted to improve the effectiveness of early warning.
China ; Communicable Disease Control/methods* ; Communicable Diseases/epidemiology* ; Disease Notification ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control* ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Population Surveillance/methods*

Objective: To investigate the effects of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF 4) knockdown on epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Methods: The prostate cancer cells with stable knockdown of KLF 4 named as LNCaP-shKLF4 cells and the LNCaP-con cells as the control were constructed. The expressions of KLF4 mRNA and protein in LNCaP-con and LNCaP-shKLF4 cells, and the expressions of EMTassociated gene mRNA and protein in the prostate cancer PC3-shKLF4 cells with stable knockdown of KLF 4 and the PC3-con cells (as the control) as well as the LNCaP-shKLF4 and LNCaP-con cells were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The abilities of migration and invasion of PC3-shKLF4 and PC3-con cells as well as LNCaP-shKLF4 and LNCaP-con cells were detected by Transwell chamber assay. Results: LNCaP-shKLF4 and LNCaP-con cells were successfully constructed. The expression levels of KLF4 mRNA and proteins in LNCaP-shKLF4 cells were lower than those in LNCaPcon cells (P<0.01, P<0.05). The expression levels of E-cadherin (E-cad) mRNA in PC3- shKLF4 and LNCaP-shKLF4 cells were higher than those in PC3-con and LNCaP-con cells, respectively (both P<0.01). The expression levels of N-cadherin (N-cad), Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (Zeb1), Snail1, vimentin (Vim) and matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1) mRNAs in PC3-shKLF4 and LNCaP-shKLF4 cells were lower than those in PC3-con and LNCaP-con cells, respectively (all P<0.05). The expression levels of E-cad protein in PC3-shKLF4 and LNCaP-shKLF4 cells were higher than those in PC3-con and LNCaP-con cells, respectively (both P<0.05). The expression levels of N-cad, Zeb1, Snail1, Vim and MMP1 mRNAs in PC3-shKLF4 and LNCaP-shKLF4 cells were lower than those in PC3-con and LNCaP-con cells, respectively (all P<0.05). The abilities of migration and invasion of PC3-shKLF4 and LNCaP-shKLF4 cells were weaker than those of PC3-con and LNCaP-con cells, respectively (P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusion: KLF 4 knockdown in prostate cancer cells can activate the expression of epithelium-associated genes and inhibit the expressions of mesenchymal-associated genes, resulting in the inhibition of cell migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells in vitro.

This paper introduces the application and financing of programs of efficacy material base of traditional Chinese medicine funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC), the Youth Science Fund and the Regional Science Fund from 2016 to 2019, and conducts analysis and summary in terms of research objects and analysis methods, with the aim to provide reference for applicants for programs of efficacy material base of traditional Chinese medicine.
China ; Financial Management ; Foundations ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Natural Science Disciplines

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical manefestation and genetic basis of split hand and foot malformation (SHFM) in a Chinese pedigree.

METHODSThe affected people in the family were checked by X-rays. Eighteen patients provided their peripheral blood, and the genomic DNA of the samples was extracted. The linkage and haplotype analysis were carried out using the microsatellite markers, and the limb malformation related gene Dactylin (DAC) including the coding region, exon-intron boundaries and part of promoter region was sequenced.

RESULTSMost members of the family with the disease phenotype showed absence or hypoplasia of the index finger, and absence or 3-4 syndactyly of the middle finger. The degree of abnormality in feet was severer than that in hands. All phenotypes of the patients display the basic characters of SHFM. Since the maximum two point LOD score of the D10S192 was 3.50 (theta=0.00), the SHFM in this pedigree can be categorized to the SHFM3. The haplotype analysis of recombination events revealed the candidate locus to a 21cM region between D10S185 and D10S1693. No mutation was found by the sequencing result of DAC gene.

CONCLUSIONThrough the analysis of phenotype of the patients, the typical SHFM disease can be confirmed. The linkage and haplotype analysis demonstrated that the 21cM region in 10q23-q26 locus was the major cause to the disease in this pedigree. The mutation of DAC gene can be excluded from cause of SHFM3 phenotype.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Female ; Foot Deformities, Congenital ; genetics ; Hand Deformities, Congenital ; genetics ; Haplotypes ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree

To construct a recombinant T7 phage expressing matrix protein 2 ectodomain (M2e) peptides of avian influenza A virus and test immunological and protective efficacy in the immunized SPF chickens. M2e gene sequence was obtained from Genbank and two copies of M2e gene were artificially synthesised, the M2e gene was then cloned into the T7 select 415-1b phage in the multiple cloning sites to construct the recombinant phage T7-M2e. The positive recombinant phage was identified by PCR and sequencing, and the expression of surface fusion protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western-blot. SPF chickens were subcutaneously injected with 1 X 10(10) pfu phage T7-M2e, sera samples were collected pre- and post-vaccination, and were tested for anti-M2e antibody by ELISA. The binding capacity of serum to virus was also examined by indirect immunofluorescence assay in virus- infected CEF. The immunized chickens were challenged with 200 EID50 of H9 type avian influenza virus and viral isolation rate was calculated to evaluate the immune protective efficacy. A recombinant T7 phage was obtained displaying M2e peptides of avian influenza A virus, and the fusion protein had favorable immunoreactivity. All chickens developed a certain amount of anti-M2e antibody which could specially bind to the viral particles. In addition, the protection efficacy of phage T7-M2e vaccine against H9 type avian influenza viruses was 4/5 (80%). These results indicate that the recombinant T7 phage displaying M2e peptides of avian influenza A virus has a great potential to be developed into a novel vaccine for the prevention of avian influenza infection.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Bacteriophage T7 ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Chickens ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Immunization ; Influenza A virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Influenza Vaccines ; immunology ; Influenza in Birds ; immunology ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Peptides ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism

Objective To explore the effect of Wntless ( Wls)-mediated Wnt signaling on the development and energy metabolism of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Methods BAT-specific Wls knockout (WlsMyf5Δ/Δ) mice were generated by Cre-loxP system. The differentiations of BAT in WlsMyf5Δ/Δ knockout mice and Wlsfl/fl control mice were analyzed by histological morphology, immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, and Western blot. After stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells in BAT were induced to differentiate, oil red O staining, real-time PCR, and cell respiration experiments were performed for analyzing in-vitro cell differentiation and oxygen consumption. The energy metabolism of mice was monitored by rectal temperature, oxygen consumption rate in BAT, and energy expenditure. The adiposity of mice was evaluated by NMR while the glucose metabolism was analyzed by the glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Results The WlsMyf5Δ/Δ knockout mice appeared smaller body size, lower weight, higher percentage of lean fat, lower size of BAT, with higher body temperature on the back as compared to Wlsfl/fl control mice. The differentiation and thermogenesis of BAT in Wls-deficient mice were relatively augmented, along with an increase in Ucp1 mRNA and protein expressions. SVF cells from BAT in WlsMyf5Δ/Δ knockout mice revealed enhanced brown differentiation. Adiposity was decreased and glucose metabolic capacity was enhanced in the WlsMyf5Δ/Δknockout mice, without significant change in the whole body. Conclusion Wls-mediated Wnt signaling decreases the thermogenesis and glucose metabolism of BAT by suppressing its differentiation.

The projects which supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) including General Program, Young Scientist Fund, and Fund for Less Developed Regions, in field of pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine in 2019 were reviewed. Based on these research items, the main contents and characteristics, as well as the main problems from academic and non-academic point of view, were summarized for reference.
China ; Financial Management ; Foundations/economics* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/economics* ; Natural Science Disciplines

Objective To evaluate the left ventricular diastolic function of patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF) by echocardiography and real‐time cardiac catheter measurement ,and improve the accuracy and reliability of echocardiographic diagnosis . Methods One hundred and twenty patients with know n or suspected coronary artery disease w ho underwent coronary angiography and left ventricular catheterization were prospectively selected from July 2017 to January 2018 in the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University . According to the left ventricular end diastolic pressure ( LVEDP) real‐time measurement ,the patients were divided into groups of LVEDP ≤15 mm Hg ( 43 cases ) and LVEDP ＞ 15 mm Hg ( 77 cases) . General data were compared and the difference of echocardiographic parameters between the two groups were analyzed ,and the ROC curve of each echocardiographic parameter for diagnosing LVEDP was draw n . Results T he parameters including flow propagation velocity ( VP) ,the ratio of filling fraction of E and A ( E/A) ,early diastolic filling deceleration time ( DT ) ,the duration of mitral A ( A‐dur ,) mitral annulus velocity at the septal side ( e′sep) ,systolic pulmonary venous flow velocity ( PVs) ,diastolic pulmonary venous flow velocity ( PVd ) and PVs/PVd were used to the diagnosis of the increasing of LVEDP ,however their accuracies were low ( AUC between 0 .5～0 .7) . T he parameters including left atrial volume index ( LAVI ) , tricuspid regurgitation ( T Rmax ) ,mitral annulus velocity in lateral wall of left ventricle ( e′lat ) ,average e′,E/e′sep ,E/e′lat ,average E/e′,velocity of pulmonary vein atrial reversal ( PVa) ,pulmonary vein atrial reversal duration ( Pva‐dur) ,the difference between the duration of pulmonary venous A wave and mitral A wave( PvaD‐AD) were also used to the diagnosis of the increasing of LVEDP , but their accuracies were still poor ( AUC between 0 .7～0 .9 ) . According to the real‐time left ventricular pressure measurement and different parameters of echocardiography ,the multivariate regression equation :LVEDP＝ 0 .292 LAVI + 0 .35 PVa + 0 .04 T Rmax + 0 .075 ( PvaD‐AD ) －0 .109 PVs －6 .773 was put forward as a correction standard ,the accuracy of the diagnosis of LVEDP was significantly improved ( AUC ＝0 .922) . Conclusions T he assessment of left ventricular diastolic function needs to be performed comprehensively with multiple parameters . T he multiple regression equation can accurately evaluate left ventricular diastolic function in patients with normal LVEF .

Objective To evaluate the assistant diagnostic value of S‐Detect artificial intelligence system in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors . Methods Clinical data and ultrasound images of 201 patients undergoing breast ultrasound examination in Tongji Hospital from M arch 2018 to M ay 2018 were acquired . Two‐dimensional grayscale and color Doppler ultrasound images ,S‐Detect mode images and elastographic images of 220 breast lesions were analyzed . T he BI‐RADS categories of each lesion were divided into two groups :experienced group and random group .And according to w hether to refer to S‐Detect diagnostic results ,the BI‐RADS categories in experienced group were divided into A 1 group and P1 group .In additional ,the highest and lowest categories of the same tumor in random group were A 2 group ,and the diagnostic results of A 2 group combining with S‐Detect system were belonged to P2 group . T he ROC curves were plotted and the area under the curve ,sensitivity ,specificity or the accuracy of the different groups were compared . Agreements of diagnostic results between different groups were analyzed by Kappa test . Results Out of 220 breast lesions ,181 lesions were benign and 39 lesions were malignant . The S‐Detect artificial intelligence system had a relatively high diagnostic efficiency ,and the sensitivity , specificity and accuracy of S‐Detect classification were 92 .3% ,90 .6% ,90 .9% , respectively . With its assistance ,the specificity and accuracy in the experienced group had an increasing trend ( A 1 group :86 .7% , 88 .6% ; P1 group :91 .2% ,92 .3% ) ,and the diagnostic accuracy in random group was significantly improved ( A2 group :63 .6% －85 .5% ; P2 group :93 .2% －94 .1% ) . Both S‐Detect system and elasticity score helped to improve the efficacy of ultrasound physicians in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions . But there were differences in diagnostic performance and assistant diagnostic ability between the two techniques . Conclusions S‐Detect technique contributes to the augment of diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound doctors in identifying breast cancer , improves the quality of random breast ultrasound examinations ,and reduces missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of breast examinations .

Objective To determine the value of transoral ultrasound ( US ) guided biopsy for oral tumors . Methods A consecutive series of 36 patients w ho underwent transoral US‐guided biopsy of oral tumors were evaluated retrospectively . By testing against histopathological results after surgery , the diagnostic sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value and accuracy of transoral US‐guided biopsy for oral tumors were calculated . ROC curves were plotted and the area under the curve were evaluated . Results All 36 lesions were successfully performed transoral US‐guided biopsy . T he diagnostic sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value and accuracy of this technique for the diagnosis of oral lesions were 87 .0% ,100% ,100% ,81 .3% and 91 .7% respectively . In ROC curve analysis , the area under the curve was 0 .935 . No serious complications were observed . Conclusions Transoral US‐guided biopsy can be considered as a safe and effective technology for early diagnosis and clinical treatment of oral tumors .