To establish mouse endometrial injury model by curettage or coagulation.Female ICR mice were randomly allocated into 2 groups: in curettage group, a blunt 20G needle was inserted in one uterine horn with 0.05 megapascals negative pressure; in coagulation group, one uterine horn was coagulated using a monopolar electric needle with 0.5 watts power. In both groups the contra-lateral uterine horn was used as control. The morphological changes and thickness of endometrium were evaluated 1 week after operation. The endometrial samples were taken on d4 of pregnancy, and the expressions of endometrial receptivity-related cytokines were examined. The number of implanted embryos on each side of uterus was calculated on d10 of pregnancy.There was no difference in operation time between 2 groups. In both groups, the endometrial glands and stroma were significantly reduced, and the endometrial thickness was also significantly decreased on injury side compared to contra-lateral horn. However, local injury was more severe in coagulation group, uterine obliteration and hydrops were developed in 2 mice of coagulation group, and none in curettage group. The expressions of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and oncostatin M (OSM) were significantly reduced on injured side in both groups compared to opposite side; however, the expression of LIF and OSM in curettage group was higher than that in coagulation group. The numbers of implanted embryos were decreased in both groups on injured side compared to opposite side, and fetal death was only observed in coagulation group.Both curettage and coagulation can make injury on mouse endometrium, impair endometrial receptivity and reduce fertility. Curettage can cause moderate injury, and coagulation may lead to more severe injury.