Vaginitis is one of the most common disease in gynecologic field in recent days. About 90% of these patients suffer from the infection of the vagina caused by Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida, or Trichomonas, either alone or in combination. For the effective diagnosis and management, it is essential to get an accurate identification of the causative agent. Applying simple and easy diagnostic methods such as pH of vaginal discharge, amine test and microscopic examination of wet mount preparation of normal saline and 10% KOH to 549 cases of randomly selected patients visiting Out-patient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Yeungnam University Hospital through May 1st to Sept. 31st, 1987, the following results were obtained. 1. In the Gardnerella vaginitis vaginal pH was more than 5.0 in 81.0% of total cases, positive amine test in 62.8%, decreased lactobacilli in 77.4% & decreased WBC counts in 70.1%, In the Trichomonas vaginitis vaginal pH more than 5.0 was noted in 93.3% of the cases, negative amine test in 90%, decreased showed vaginal pH of 3.0~4.0 in 83.2%, negative amine test in 90%, decreased lactobacilli in 90% & increased WBC counts in 93.3%, whereas Candida vaginitis and normal groups showed vaginal pH of 3.0~4.0 in 83.2%, negative amine test in 100%, normal distribution of lactobacilli in 89.7%, normal WBC counts in 72.4%. 2. The accuracy rates of physical diagnosis by wet mount preparation of normal saline and 10% KOH revealed 26.3%, 47.5%, 70.0% in Gardnerella vaginitis, Candida vaginitis, and Trichomonas vaginitis, respectively. The vaginal pH and amine test showed 83.2% of accuracy rate in Candida vaginitis group, 60.6% in Gardnerella vaginitis group and 83.3% in Trichomonas vaginitis group. 3. In 23 cases of Gardnerella vaginitis showing vaginal pH of 3.0 or 4.0 and positive amine test, the clue cells were observed in 10% or less in 12 cases, 30% in 5 cases, 50% in 4 cases and 50% or more in 2 cases. In summary vaginal pH and amine test could be useful in screening and differentiating the different types of infectious vaginitis. Furthermore by adding microscopic examination of normal saline and 10% KOH wet mount preparation to them, they not only could obtain higher diagnostic accuracy rate but would be more valuable in selecting the patients requiring cultures to confirm the diagnoses.
Candida ; Diagnosis ; Gardnerella ; Gardnerella vaginalis ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration* ; Mass Screening ; Obstetrics ; Outpatients ; Trichomonas ; Trichomonas Vaginitis ; Vagina ; Vaginal Discharge* ; Vaginitis*

No abstract available.
C-Reactive Protein* ; Tocolysis*

Thirty-four patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy whose serum hCG levels had been measured by beta-hCG EIA before surgery were evaluated retrospectively. The results were as follows: 1. Final diagnosis of thirty- four patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy comprised twenty-eight tubal pregnancy, five ruptures of hemorrhagic corpus luteum and one tubo-ovarian abscess. One of the five patients with rupture of hemorrhagic corpus luteum was accompanied by missed abortion. 2. Range of serum hCG levels in twenty-eight patients with tubal pregnancy was 59-21, 980 mIU/ml and that of four patients with rupture of hemorrhagic corpus luteum and one patient with tubo-ovarian abscess was 0.6-6.6 mIU/ml. Serum hCG level of a patient with rupture of hemorrhagic corpus luteum who was accompanied by missed abostion was 200 mIU/ml. 3. Serum hCG levels in twenty-two of twenty-eight patients with tubal pregnancy were lower than 3,000 mIU/ml. Low serum hCG level below 100 mIU/ml and high serum hCG levl above 6,500 mIU/ml were noticed in four and six patients with tubal pregnancy recpectively. 4. Mean serum hCG levels (±SD) of twelve patients with tubal pregnancy who had intraabdominal free blood of less than 500ml and sixteen patients with tubal pregnancy who had intraabdominal free blood of more than 500ml were 4,131 (±7,801) mIU/ml and 3,208 (±5,081) mIU/ml, respectively. There was no statistical difference in the mean level of serum hCG between both group (P>0.05). 5. Mean serum hCG levels (±SD) of thirteen patients with unruptured tubal pregnancy and fifteen patients with ruptured tubal pregnancy were 2,628 (±5,448) mIU/ml and 4,449 (±6,938) mIU/ml, respectively. Mean level of serum hCG was statistically higher in ruptured tubal pregnancy (P<0.01). 6. Positive rate of urine pregnancy test in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was 64% (16/25) and mean range of serum hCG level of nine patients with false negative result were 353 mIU/ml and 59­933 mIU/ml.
Abortion, Missed ; Abscess ; Corpus Luteum ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Tests ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Pregnancy, Tubal ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture

Febrile morbidity after cesarean section is one of the major problems in obstetric practice. This morbidity is most often due to endometritis. Although parenteral prophylactic antibiotics or antibiotic irrigation has been reported to reduce the incidence of endometritis after cesarean section, its incidence remains high. Among the patients who were undergoing cesarean section at Yeungnam University Hospital from the beginning of March, 1985, three group were evaluated in the orders. 1) 30 cases as intrauterine irrigation group with cephradine solution, 2) 35 cases as intravenous injection group with cephradine, 3) 35 cases as control group are neither irrigated nor injected. Febrile morbidity was also evaluated by means of a fever index. The incidence of clinically diagnosed endometritis in the three group were 6.7%, 2.9%, and 22.9%. As these results, two study groups were markedly reduced the incidence of endometritis than control group. There was no significant difference between the intrauterine irrigation with cephradine and control, but significant difference between the intravenous cephradine injection and control (P<0.05). With the results of fever index analysis, both prophylactic intrauterine irrigation and intravenous injection markedly reduce the incidence of endometritis after cesarean section with statistical significance (P<0.05), and also markedly reduce the febrile degree.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cephradine* ; Cesarean Section* ; Endometritis ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injections, Intravenous* ; Pregnancy

Obstetric problems concerning macrosomia were evaluated by retrospective review of 91 pregnancies that resulted in the delivery of an infant weighing 4,000 gm or more at the Yeungnam University Hospital during 3 1/2 years from Jun 1983 to Oct 1986. The results obtained were as follows 1. Macrosomic infants weighing 4,000 gm or more occurred in 2.8% of the deliveries. 2. 65.9% of macrosomic infants and 53.5% of total infants were male. The ratio of male was statistically higher in the macrosomic infants than in the total infants (P<0.05) 3. The incidence of macrosomia was higher with increasing gestational age, and deliveries at 42 weeks or more gestation were more common in the macrosomic infants than in the total infants (P<0.01).
Clinical Study* ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies

For the purpose of estimating the maximum absorption of riboflavin and thiamine from the intestine, large test doses of riboflavin and thiamine were administered orally to apparently normal male subjects, receiving normal Korean diets, and their maximum absorption were estimated by determining the excretion in urine. The maximum absorption of riboflavin and thiamine were estimated 10.700 and 3.800 mg. respectively.
Human ; Intestinal Absorption* ; Male ; Riboflavin/metabolism* ; Thiamine/metabolism*

PURPOSE: To report a rare case of relapsed inflammatory choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a young female patient after intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) treatment for subfoveal CNV secondary to punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC). CASE SUMMARY: A 25-year-old myopic female presented with PIC complicated by subfoveal CNV in the right eye. Her lesion initially responded to three monthly 1.25 mg IVB injections, but the lesion recurred two months after the final injection, and the size of the lesion was larger than that observed before treatment. Further treatment with systemic steroids and IVB resulted in successful anatomic and visual improvement. CONCLUSIONS: This report presents a rare case of relapsed inflammatory CNV in a young female patient after IVB treatment for subfoveal CNV secondary to PIC. Systemic steroid and IVB were performed after relapse, which successfully improved and maintained vision for longer than 18 months.
Adult ; Choroid* ; Choroidal Neovascularization* ; Female ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Steroids ; Bevacizumab

To evaluate the status of hepatitis B virus infection in the mothers and neonates and to determine the maternal-neonatal transmission of hepatitis B virus, 2,276 term pregnant women were screened for presence of serum HBsAg, at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeungnam University Hospital, during the period of 18 months from Jan. 1986 to Jun. 1987, and the sera of sixty-six HBsAg carrier mothers and their neonates were tested for HBV markers and liver enzymes. The results were as follows: 1. The prevalence rate of asymptomatic HBsAg carrier in the term pregnant women was 4.7% (53/1,279). 2. Positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs in the sera of sixty-six neonates born to asymptomatic HBsAg carrier mothers were 12.1% and 9.1%, respectively. Transient elevation of SGOT (three to four times of upper normal limit) was detected in one of eight HBsAg-positive neonates and one of six anti-HBs positive neonates. 3. Positive rates of anti-HBc, HBeAg and anti-HBe in the sera of sixty-six asymptomatic HBsAg carrier term pregnant women were 93.9%, 45.5%, 50%, respectively. The rates of transmission of maternal anti-HBc, HBeAg and anti-HBe to the neonates were 85.5 (53/62), 90% (27/30) and 87.9% (29/33), respectively. 4. Serum HBsAg was detected in four of thirty neonates born to HBeAg positive HBsAg carrier mother, three of thirty-three neonates born to anti-HBe positive HBsAg carrier mothers, and one of three neonates born to both HBeAg and anti-HBe negative HBsAg carrier mothers.
Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Female ; Gynecology ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Liver ; Mothers ; Obstetrics ; Pregnant Women* ; Prevalence

This study was undertaken for the clinical evaluation and statistical analysis on the 88 women with histopathologically confirmed ectopic pregnancies who were admitted and treated from grand opening on May-28, 1983 to Sept.-30, 1985. Incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 1 in 22.2 deliveries and the most common age group was in 30~34 years of age. There was tendency of decreasing incidences as the gravidity, parity or artificial abortion were over 3. The most common etiologic factor was pelvic inflammatory disease and procedures for family planning were the next common. Common symptoms were lower abdominal pain (85.2%) and vaginal spotting (56.8%). At the admission, hemoglobin level under 10gm% were 44.3%. 69.5% of urine HCG tests were positive. Culdocentesis was positive only in 75.9%. Termination was frequent at 6~7 weeks of gestation mostly with rupture or abortion. Free blood in the abdominal cavity was averaged 1,224ml. 4 cases of clinicobiochemically suspected ectopic pregnancies with spontaneous regression were excluded, and there was no fatal case treated in hospital.
Abdominal Cavity ; Abdominal Pain ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Gravidity ; Humans ; Incidence ; Metrorrhagia ; Paracentesis ; Parity ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Rupture

PURPOSE: To report the manifestation of ocular syphilis combined with neurosyphilis in patients who present with uveitis clinically and are diagnosed initially by an ophthalmologist. METHODS: This study is a retrospective, clinical investigation of seven male patients with ocular syphilis from a single tertiary center between 2009 and 2012. RESULTS: The average age of the patients at onset was 44.4 years (range, 33-71 years). Posterior segment involvement was found in all patients. Two patients had papillitis. In serologic testing, all patients had positive responses to Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL), fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test (FTA-ABS) and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA). In fluorescein angiography (FAG), retinal vascular and disc leakage was the most common finding. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was performed for six patients and demonstrated positive CSF FTA-ABS and CSF TPHA tests in all patients. CSF VDRL was reactive in 2 patients (33.3%). CONCLUSIONS: All patients with ocular syphilis were diagnosed with neurosyphilis based on the analysis of CSF with FTA-ABS and TPHA. Ophthalmologists play an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment of syphilis.
Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Early Diagnosis ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption Test ; Hemagglutination ; Humans ; Male ; Neurosyphilis* ; Papilledema ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Serologic Tests ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Syphilis* ; Treponema pallidum ; Uveitis