No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Education* ; Schools, Medical*

The ureteropelvic junction is one of the most common site of obstruction in the upper urinary tract, though the etiology is still unclear. In the present study, a quantitative histological analysis of the ureteropelvic junction(UPJ) obstruction was performed on 23 patient specimens(10 children, 13 adults) and 14 normal control specimens(6 children, 8 adults). Color image analysis system was employed to examine and compare collagen and smooth muscle components of the lamina muscularis layer. Tissue matrix ratio, that is collagen-to-smooth muscle ratio, was calculated using Bio Scan OPTIMAS Ver 4.02. Relative ratio of lamina propria and lamina muscularis to UPJ was calculated as percentage provided by "Img Pro" computer program. The results showed an increased tissue matrix ratio of 0.68+/-0.42 in the child patient group compared with the value of 0.30+/-0.10 in the child control group(p<0.05), also the increased tissue matrix ratio of 1.45+/-1.67 in the adult patient group compared to 0.48+/-0.25 in the adult control group(p<0.05). But relative ratio of the lamina propria and lamina muscularis to UPJ was not statistically significant for each group(p>0.05). Our findings emphasize a significant increase in the tissue matrix ration(collagen-to-smooth muscle ratio) of the UPJ obstruction.
Adult ; Child ; Collagen ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Muscle, Smooth ; Urinary Tract

A transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder has a diverse collection of biological and functional characteristics, which is reflected in its differing clinical courses. The diagnosis of bladder cancer is based on information provided by cystoscopy, the gold standard, in combination with urinary cytology findings. Many tumor markers have been evaluated for detecting and monitoring the disease in serum, bladder washes and urinary specimens. However, none of the biomarkers reported to date has shown sufficient sensitivity and specificity for the detection of the whole spectrum of bladder cancer diseases found in routine clinical practice. Due to the limited value of established prognostic markers, the analyses of new molecular parameters have gained interest in predicting the prognosis of bladder cancer patients; in particular, patient groups at high risk of progression and recurrence. Over the past decade, there has been major progress in the elucidation of the molecular genetic and epigenetic changes leading to the development of transitional cell carcinomas. This review focuses on the recent advances in the genetic and epigenetic aspects of bladder cancer, and emphasizes the ways in which molecular biology is likely to affect the development of future therapies.
Biomarkers ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Cystoscopy ; Diagnosis ; Epigenomics ; Humans ; Molecular Biology ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Collagen* ; Interferons* ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction*

PURPOSE: We investigated the methylation pattern of RUNX3 to determine whether aberrant methylation events are risk factors for bladder tumor development, recurrence, and progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hospital based, case-control investigation was carried out in 124 bladder tumor specimens and 20 normal bladder mucosae. The methylation pattern of RUNX3 was determined using MS- PCR and direct DNA sequencing. RUNX3 mRNA expression levels were assessed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: All normal bladder mucosae were unmethylated. On the other hand, bladder tumor tissues showed either unmethylated, methylated, or both unmethylated and methylated patterns. Methylation of RUNX3 promoter region was significant as a risk factor for bladder tumor development (p<0.01, OR=107.55, 95% CI=6.33-1827.39). The methylation type was more frequent in invasive tumors, compared with superficial bladder tumors (p=0.01, OR=2.95, 95% CI=1.16-7.47). Both recurrence (p=0.02, OR= 3.70, 95% CI=1.19-11.46) and subsequent tumor progression were significantly associated with the methylation of the RUNX3 promoter region (p=0.01, OR=5.63, 95% CI=1.23-25.82). The mutations in 3 cases out of 23 bladder tumor tissues were observed in contrast with normal bladder mucosae. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest not only the possibility that RUNX3 is a tumor suppressor gene responsible for bladder tumor, but also that it may be a useful prognostic marker for bladder tumor recurrence and progression.
Case-Control Studies ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Hand ; Methylation ; Mucous Membrane ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; RNA, Messenger ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

The results of intraprostatic injection of fosfomycin were compared to those of oral minocycline therapy in patients with nonbacterial prostatitis. Nonbacterial prostatitis did not recur in 26 out of 33 patients with fosfomycin injected into the prostate and in 16 out of 48 patients treated with oral minocycline. Non-recurrence rate within each group was compared as 78.8 per cent to 33.3 per cent, respectively, demonstrating that intraprostatic fosfomycin treatment was more successful than oral minocycline therapy. The pain and discomfort experienced by the patients during direct injection into the prostate was minimal. Hematuria was always practically present after the injection. Intraprostatic fosfomycin injection is believed to be new alternative method in the treatment of nonbacterial prostatitis.
Fosfomycin* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Minocycline* ; Prostate ; Prostatitis*

PURPOSE: The biological function of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is only partially understood; therefore, in this study, we investigated the expression of the novel HOXA11 antisense (HOXA11as) lncRNA and its oncogenic role in serous ovarian cancer (SOC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: HOXA11as expression was examined in 129 SOC tissue samples by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Clinicopathological factors and patient survival were compared between the high (n=27) and low HOXA11as expression group (n=102). To investigate the role of HOXA11as in cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, HOXA11as expression in ovarian cancer cells was knocked down using RNA interference. RESULTS: HOXA11as expression in cancer tissue was 77-fold higher than that of noncancerous tissue (p < 0.05). Higher HOXA11as expression was significantly correlated with histological grade (p=0.017) and preoperative cancer antigen 125 (p=0.048). HOXA11as overexpression in SOC cells led to increased cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Moreover, HOXA11as was associated with the expression of genes involved in cell invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), B-catenin, E-cadherin, Snail, Twist, and vimentin. Multivariate analysis revealed that HOXA11as was a prognostic factor of progressive disease and mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.730; p=0.043 and HR, 2.170; p=0.033, respectively). Progression-free and overall survival were significantly shorter in patients with high HOXA11as expression. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the clinical significance of HOXA11as to predicting the prognosis of SOC patients and suggest its potential in promoting tumor aggressiveness via regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), MMP-9, and EMT-related mechanisms.
Cadherins ; Cell Proliferation* ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; Mortality ; Multivariate Analysis ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prognosis* ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Long Noncoding* ; Snails ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vimentin

Purpose: Repairing damaged DNA has been shown to be involved in an increased susceptibility to cancer development and prevention. Therefore, the genetic polymorphisms of the hOGG1 gene associated with the gene repair mechanism were investigated. In this study, the possible association of genetic polymorphisms in hOGG1 with bladder tumor risk was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hospital based, case-control investigation was carried out in 168 primary bladder tumor patients and 672 controls. The DNA extracted from the blood and tissue samples was analyzed by SSCP, PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct DNA sequencing in order to characterize the genetic polymorphism of hOGG1. RESULTS: Two polymorphic sites in hOGG1 were found. A polymorphism at codon 326 (1a type) in exon 7 was associated with an amino acid exchange. Another polymorphic site at codon 324 (1b type) in exon 6 was silent. The association between the polymorphism at codon 326 and the risk of the bladder tumor was examined by age-sex adjusted analysis. The distribution of the hOGG1 codon 326 genotypes in the controls (Ser/Ser, 18.9%; Ser/Cys, 54.0%; Cys/Cys, 27.1%) was significantly different from that in the bladder tumor patients (26.2%, 51.8% and 22.0%, respectively) (p=0.034, adjusted OR=0.652, 95% CI=0.44-0.97). In particular, bladder tumor risk in Korean males under 40 years old was approximately 6 times higher than in males over 40 years old (p=0.015, adjusted OR=0.165, 95% CI=0.04-0.75). Furthermore, frequent mutations of codon 326 in the hOGG1 gene in tumor tissues (23.6%) might occur during tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggests that polymorphism at codon 326 of hOGG1 gene might affect tumorigenesis of a bladder tumor.
Adult ; Carcinogenesis ; Case-Control Studies ; Codon ; DNA ; Exons ; Genotype ; Humans* ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

BACKGROUND: Paraquat is widely used herbicide. But if it is ingested by accident or by suicidal attempt it causes severe toxicity. And in emergency room, it is a big problem that there is no effective treatment modality for paraquat intoxication. It is reported that the mechanism of toxicity is by oxygen fee radical. And Vitamin C is known as potent antioxidant. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of Vitamin C to lipid peroxidaton in paraquat intoxication. METHODS: 24 rats were divided to 6 groups after paraquat injection(20mg/kg), and each groups 4 rats. In 2 control groups we only observed until 6 hours and 24 hours. And Vitamin C of 10 mg per kilogram body weight on the low dose group and 100 mg per kilogram body weight on the high dose group were infected simultaneously. And in 6 hours group, after 6 hours of paraquat and vitamin C injection biochemical levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and catalase were measured in liver and lung. And in 24 hours group after 24 hours the same measures were done. The stasistical methods used were ANNOVA and Mann-Whitney test and P-value was 0.05. RESULTS: Malondialdehyde level of high dose Vitamin C group was significantly low compared to that of the control groups in liver tissues after 24 hours(p<0.05). And in lung tissues both low dose and high dose vitamin C groups show significantly low level of malondialdehyde level after 24 hours(p<0.05). On the superoxide dismutase activity, only high dose Vitamin C group shows significantly high level in 24hours both in liver and lung tissues. And the catalase activity is significantly elevated in high dome Vitamin C group after 24hours both in liver and lung tissues. (p<0.05) CONCLUSION: High dose Vitamin C suppresses lipid peroxidation, increases catalase activity and superoxide dismutase activity in paraquat intoxiation. It is thought to by antioxidant elect of vitamin C but it's effect is observed only in 24 hours after intoxication.
Animals ; Antioxidants* ; Ascorbic Acid* ; Body Weight ; Catalase ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Fees and Charges ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Liver ; Lung ; Malondialdehyde ; Oxygen ; Paraquat* ; Poisoning* ; Rats ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Vitamins*