Objective To study the imaging findings of pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis (PLC) and discuss it′s clinical value. Methods The imaging materials of 40 cases with PLC which were proved by bronchoscopic or pleural or open-lung biopsy were retrospectively analyzed, and the clinical application of imaging diagnosis were investigated. Results The primary tumorous pathological types of PLC included:13 cases peripheral type carcinoma of lung,2 cases central type carcinoma of lung,11 cases mammary cancer,6 cases gastric carcinoma,4 cases pancreatic carcinoma,3 cases renal carcinoma,1 case colon carcinoma. The major imaging features of PLC were showed as pleural nodes, lobular core nodes, intralobular small reticular and nodular shadows, small beaded thickened interlobular septums, beaded thickened bronchovascular bundles, tumescent pulmonary hilar and/or mediastinal lymph nodes. Conclusion PLC possess relative imaging feature, particularly HRCT may accurately reflect pathological feature of PLC. Imaging diagnosis is a satisfactory method in diagnosing pulmonary lymphangial metastasis of malignant tumor.

Objective To investigate the relationship between gene polymorphisms of homocysteine (Hcy), metabolic enzymes methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR C677T and chronic pulmonary heart disease (CPHD). Methods The gene polymorphisms of MTHFR C677T were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)in CPHD patients (n=120) and healthy control (HC, n=120), and genotyping was carried on. The automatic biochemistry analyzer was used to detect the level of Hcy and other related biochemical indicators. Results There was significant difference in Hcy level between the CPHD group and HC group (P<0.05). The mutation frequencies of CC, CT and TT were 24.17%, 43.33%and 32.50%, 35.00%, 47.50%and 17.50%in the CPHD group and HC group. The mutation frequencies of allele C/T were 45.83%and 54.17%in HC group, and 58.75%and 41.25%in control group. There was significant difference in the overall frequency distribution between the three genotypes (χ2 =8.010, P<0.05). The frequency of T allele was significantly higher in CPHD group than that in control group (χ2=8.025,P<0.05). Conclusion The increased Hcy and its metabolic enzyme MTHFR C677T may be involved in the occurrence and development of CPHD.

Objective To investigate the effect of dihydroartemisinin on pulmonary fibrosis and its mechanism in rats.Methods Seventy-five SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:the control group,the model group,the high dihydroartemisinin group,the low dihydroartemisinin group,and the prednisone group(15 rats in each group).Saline(9 g/L,0.3 mL) was injected into the rat trachea of the control group,and the rats of the rest 4 groups were injected bleomycin(3 mg/kg).The rats in the control group and the model group received saline lavage (9 g/L,3 mL),while the rats in the high dihydroartemi-sinin group and the low dihydroartemisinin group received dihydroartemisinin lavage (100,50 mg/kg),and the rats in the prednisone group received prednisone lavage each day.Five rats in each group were sacrificed and lung tissues were removed on the 8th,15th,and 29th day of lavage,and the degree of inflammation in lung tissue was observed by HE staining.The deposit of collagen in lung tissue was observed by Masson staining.The expressions of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1),collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ in pneumonic tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The degree of inflammation in pneumonic tissues in the high dihydroartemisinin group,the low dihydroartemisinin group,and the prednisone group were less significantly than that in the model group(all P ＜ 0.01).The deposit of collagen in lung tissues in the model group was obviously increased than that of the control group at each time points(all P ＜0.01).The deposit of collagen in lung tissues in the high dihydroartemisinin group,the low dihydroartemisinin group and the prednisone group were lower than that in the model group(all P ＜0.01),and higher than that of the control group at each time points(all P ＜0.01).There was no significant difference between the high dihydroartemisinin group and the prednisone group (P ＞ 0.05).TGF-β1,collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ in lung tissues in the high dihydroartemisinin group and the prednisone group were lower than those in the model group(P ＜0.01),and higher than those in the control group at each time points(all P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in TGF-β1,collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ in lung tissue between the high dihydroartemisinin group and the prednisone group(all P ＞0.05),except that collagen Ⅲ expression in lung tissues was lower than that of the prednisone group on the 29th day (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Dihydroartemisinin can lessen the extent of pulmonary fibrosis in rats and its anti-fibrosis effect is dose-dependent.The anti-fibrosis effect of dihydroartemisinin may decrease the deposit of collagens in the lung tissues by inhibiting TGF-β1 expression in the lung tissues and have an effect of antifibrosis.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis (AR) in Ningxia and to analyze its related factors. Methods: From March to September of 2013, a multi-stage and cluster sampling method was used to investigate the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Ningxia Area (3 years and above). Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis (2009, Wuyishan) was used as the basis for the diagnosis of adult AR, while Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of pediatric allergic rhinitis (2010, Chongqing) was used as the basis for children. SPSS 16.0 software was used to complete the statistical analysis. Results: The total number of questionnaires was 6 000, and the number of effective questionnaire was 5 236, the recovery rate was 87.27%. With 684 cases diagnosed of AR, the prevalence of AR in Ningxia was 13.06% (684/5 236), including 13.40% (325/2 425) of males, 12.77% (359/2 811) of females. The difference was not statistically significant (χ²=0.456, P>0.05). There was significant difference in the prevalence between Hui and Han [14.35% (452/3 150) vs 11.12% (232/2 086), χ²=11.51, P<0.05]. According to ARIA criteria, persistent AR was 27.63% (189/684), intermittent AR was 72.37% (495/684). The month with highest incidence of AR in Ningxia Area was September, accounting for 71.78% (491/684). The prevalence of urban population was 14.54%, with the prevalence of rural population was 11.90%, and the difference was significant between urban and rural residents (χ²=7.90, P<0.05). The age group with highest prevalence rate was 21~30 years old. The main inhalation allergens were mugwort (68.42%), weeds (58.48%) and ragweed (55.56%). The main dietary allergens were wheat flour (14.33%), peanut (13.74%) and walnut kernel (11.99%). The most common complication was allergic conjunctivitis [82.02% (561/684)]. Conclusion The epidemiology of AR in Ningxia Area is preliminarily understood, which will provide the epidemiological evidence for the prevention and treatment of AR and the formulation of public health policy.