Objective To investigate the relationship between thyrotropin(TSH)and urine iodine in pregnant women of Han and Uygur ethnic groups in People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Methods A total of 1568 pregnant who completed screening of TSH and urine iodine in People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region hospital from August 2014 to December 2017 were included in the study, 956 cases were Han and the other 612 were Uygur. Basic clinical data, serum TSH, thyroid peroxidase autoantibody (TPOAb), and urine iodine levels were retrospectively analyzed. Results (1) General results:The median urine iodine level was 162.6μg/L(53.4-539.3μg/L), and the distribution of urine iodine classification was iodine deficiency 42.9％(672/1568), iodine appropriate 36.7％(576/1568), iodine slightly high 17.1％(268/1568)and iodine excess 3.3％(52/1568)respectively.(2)The median urine iodine levels of Han and Uygur pregnant women were 169.1μg/L(54.6-583.4μg/L)and 156.3μg/L (53.1-539.3μg/L)respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The distribution of urine iodine status in pregnancy between Han and Uygur was significantly different, which were 40.9％(391/956)vs. 45.9％(281/612)in iodine deficiency, 35.4％(338/956)vs. 38.9％(238/612)in iodine appropriate, 20.2％(193/956) vs. 12.3％(75/612) in iodine slightly high and 3.6％(34/956) vs. 2.9％(18/612)in iodine excess.(3)High serum TSH level proportion was significantly higher in Uygur ethnic group, early pregnancy, thyroid peroxidase antibody positive and anti-thyroglobulin antibody positive group when compared with Han, late pregnancy, thyroid peroxidase antibody negative and anti-thyroglobulin antibody negative groups (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in different age groups and iodine nutrition groups(P>0.05).(4)There was no correlation between urinary iodine and TSH levels in all pregnant women(P>0.05),neither in Han or Uygur group. When further stratified by gestational age, age, and antibody level, there was a positive correlation between urine iodine and serum TSH level in Han pregnant women>30 years old(P<0.05), and there was a negative correlation in the third trimester in Uygur (P<0.05). When serum antibody level, gestational week and age were controlled. There was no correlation between urine iodine and serum TSH level in neither group. Conclusions (1)In Han and Uygur pregnant women, the median urine iodine level and the distribution of urine iodine classification between two ethnic groups are significantly different.(2)The correlation between urine iodine and serum TSH is not identified in Han or Uygur pregnant women.