Objective To investigate the effect of L-type and T-type calcium channel blocker on detrusor autorhythmicity, contractility in order to elucidate the pathogenesis of detrusor instability (DI). Methods Animal models of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) were established in 33 female SD rats and another 10 served as normal control. Six weeks later, the changes of detrusor autorhythmicity and contractility were examined by means of cystometry and the in vitro detrusor strip study. Results The incidence rate of DI was 75.9%. The detrusor autorhythmicity and contractility increased evidently after BOO (P

Objective:To compare the safety of adrenal central vein treated at different times in laparoscopic adrenal pheochromocytoma resection through abdominal approach.Methods:A study was conducted on 43 patients with adrenal pheochromocytoma admitted to Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University from June 2012 to June 2019. The included patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical method: observation group ( n=22) and control group ( n=21). The patients of observation group were ligated the central advenal vein before the tumor was completely isolated, and the patients of control group were ligated the central advenal vein after the tumor was isolated. The changes of blood catecholamine levels before anesthesia, before central adrenal vein ligation, and after tumor resection were compared between the two groups, as well as the differences in operative time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, number of cases with intraoperative blood pressure fluctuations and frequency. Measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( Mean± SD), comparison between groups was by t-test; comparison of count data between groups was by Chi-square. Results:There was no significant difference in the mean operation time, the mean hospital stay, intraoperative blood loss, number of cases with dramatic blood pressure fluctuations between two groups ( P>0.05). The frequency of severe fluctuation of intraoperative blood pressure in observation group and control group was 19 times and 47 times, respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the blood epinephrine and norepinephrine levels between the two groups before anesthesia and after tumor resection ( P>0.05). However, before ligation of the central vein, the epinephrine concentrations in the observation group and the control group were (572.1±282.1) pg/mL and (935.6±417.5) pg/mL, respectively, the noradrenaline concentrations were (8 347.9±4 103.6) pg/mL and (13 695.7 ±3 205.3) pg/mL, respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Early ligation of the adrenal central vein can improve the safety of the laparoscopic approach to adrenal pheochromocytoma.

Objective To compare the changes of detrusor physiological properties between the models of detrusor instability caused by neurogenic, obstructive and idiopathic factors. Methods Eighty female SD rats were enrolled in our study, including 17 rats of idiopathic detrusor instability (IDI), 33 for bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) by partial ligation of bladder outflow tract, 20 spinal cord injury (SCI) by transection of spinal cord at L1-2, 10 as normal control. Six weeks after insult, the change of detrusor excitability, autorhythmicity and contractility were examined by means of cystometry and the in vitro detrusor strip study. Results The occurrence rate of detrusor instability in BOO rats, SCI rats and IDI rats was 75.9%, 100% and 21.3%. The rats in three DI groups increased more significantly in excitability, autorhythmicity and contractility than control rats (P0.05). Conclusion Different types of DI have similarity in the detrusor myogenic changes, while the increase in spontaneous excitability of detrusor strip seems to be more important than others factors in the mechanism of DI.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the operative treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture by lateral minimally invasive approach reduction and internal fixation.

METHODSDuring January 2006 to September 2009, 30 cases (31 feet) of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture were treated by open reduction and hollow screws internal fixation through lateral minimally invasive approach from the fibular tip to the basement of the fourth metatarsal foot (Sanders II in 21 feet, Sanders III in 8 feet, Sanders IV in 2 feet), including 23 males and 7 females with an average age of 36.5 years ranging from 18 to 60 years.

RESULTSThe 31 feet of 30 patients were followed-up for from 3 to 24 months (14 months in average). There was no soft tissue complications such as infected incision, skin necrosis, poor wound healing, and sural nerve injury. X-ray films of 25 feet after the operations showed well reduction of articular surface and satisfactory shape on calcaneal; 6 feet showed roughly normal shape. Based on the Maryland grading system, 6 feet were excellent, 20 feet good and 5 feet fair.

CONCLUSIONThe lateral minimally invasive approach is a good option for calcaneal fracture of Sanders II and III, because of its less damages to soft tissue and fewer complications. It could also provide excellent exposure of articular surface.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Screws ; Bone Transplantation ; Calcaneus ; injuries ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Time Factors

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) is a kind of adoptive cell immunotherapy, in which T cells are genetically modified to exert targeted killing effect on tumors. CAR-T cell therapy has shown remarkable antitumor efficacy for the treatment of tumors, especially for hematological malignancies, but is less effective in solid tumors. Single-target CAR-T is prone to off-target effect during application, and there is a risk of relapse or more refractory treatment. The development of double-target or multi-target CAR-T is expected to extend the antigen coverage of target cells, effectively avoids antigen escape and prevents tumor recurrence, and prolongs the survival time of patients. This article reviews the advances of multi-target chimeric antigen receptor T cell, and discusses the prospect of its development.