Micro-implant anchorage was used for orthodontic intervention of 3 patients with buccal impacted maxillary canine,good clinical outcome was obtained.The micro-implant anchorage may provided a new approach for the treatment of this kind of teeth.

Objection:To evaluate the effects of the miniscrew supported removable palatal arch for maxillary molar distalization.Methods:33 patients with mild to moderate crowding teeth and maxillary protrusion were treated with the miniscrew supported remova-ble palatal arch.The lateral cephalograms and dental plaster models were taken at the beginning of the treatment(T0)and at the end of molar distalization(T1).The multicentre variables were measured and compared with statistical software.Results:Cephalometrics showed that the average distance(mm)of the firs molar distalization was 3.6(P＜0.001),molar distal tipping was 6°(P＜0.001)and molar intrusion(mm)was 0.6(P＜0.05).The measurements of right and left molar distalization on plaster models were 4.2 mm(P＜0.001)and 4.0 mm(P＜0.001)respectively,the width of dental arch was increased by 3.1 mm(P＜0.05).The data of distalization of the first molar showed no statistical difference between right and left side on plaster cast and between model and cephalometric meas-urements.On the right side the angle between the mesial-distal tips line and the middle line was increased by 1.6°(P＞0.05),on the left by 4.8°(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The none extraction therapy for mild to moderate crowding teeth and maxillary protrusion can be realized by miniscrew supported removable palatal arch distalization appliance.

Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is an important aquaculture species in Crustacea. Functional analysis, although essential, has been hindered due to the lack of sufficient genomic or transcriptomic resources. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was conducted on 59 samples rep-resenting diverse developmental stages (fertilized eggs, zoea, megalopa, three sub-stages of larvae, juvenile crabs, and adult crabs) and different tissues (eyestalk, hepatopancreas, and muscle from juvenile crabs, and eyestalk, hepatopancreas, muscle, heart, stomach, gill, thoracic ganglia, intes-tine, ovary, and testis from adult crabs) of E. sinensis. A comprehensive reference transcriptome was assembled, including 19,023 protein-coding genes. Hierarchical clustering based on 128 differ-entially expressed cuticle-related genes revealed two distinct expression patterns during the early lar-val developmental stages, demonstrating the distinct roles of these genes in 'crab-like"cuticle formation during metamorphosis and cuticle calcification after molting. Phylogenetic analysis of 1406 one-to-one orthologous gene families identified from seven arthropod species andCaenorhabditis elegans strongly supported the hypothesis that Malacostraca and Branchiopoda do not form a monophyletic group. Furthermore, Branchiopoda is more phylogenetically closely related to Hexapoda, and the clade of Hexapoda and Branchiopoda and the clade of Malacostraca belong to the Pancrustacea. This study offers a high-quality transcriptome resource for E. sinensis and demonstrates the evolutionary relationships of major arthropod groups. The differentially expressed genes identified in this study facilitate further investigation of the cuticle-related gene expression networks which are likely associated with'crab-like"cuticle formation during metamor-phosis and cuticle calcification after molting.

Objective : To discuss the effectiveness and mechanism for movement of maxillary buccally transposed canines by using a door-shaped individualized dental archwire mechanic and to provide a reference for clinicians. Methods: Eight patients with unilateral maxillary transposed canines were enrolled. All patients were treated with door-shaped individualized archwires. Before treatment (T1) and after the crowns of the transposed canines were moved to the right buccal positions in the dental arch during the treatment (T2), orthopantomograms were taken both at T1 and T2 to compare the linear changes (distance changes of the crown and root apex) and angular changes to study the mechanisms of tooth movement. The probing depth and buccal crown height were measured using a periodontal probe to compare periodontal changes before treatment (T1) and after treatment (T3) between the transposed canines and contralateral canines. Results: All eight transposed canines were successfully brought back to their normal dental arch position but were made more buccal by using the door-shaped individualized dental archwire, with a mean of (11.5 ± 2.7) months. The average overall duration was (28.3 ± 4.7) months. The crown distance changes of the canines from T1 to T2 (8.1 mm) were greater than those of the root apexes (1.5 mm) (P<0.05). The mean angulation changes of the long axes of the canines were 17.5°. There was no significant difference in the depth of periodontal measurement and buccal crown height measurement between T1 and T3 (P>0.05). Conclusion The buccal movement of maxillary transposed canines under a door-shaped individualized dental archwire was effective and feasible. The movement pattern under this mechanism was controlled tipping.

Objective: To compare the osteogenic differentiation abilities of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) from different sources, and to provide basis for choosing a new source of seed cells in bone tissue engineering. Methods: Jaw bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (JMMSCs) were isolated from orthognathic surgical sites and cultured by limited dilution for single cell clone. Long bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were obtained from bone marrow of volunteers and isolated by density gradient centrifugation method. Flow cytometry was used to detect the surface markers of both cells. Osteogenic ability was assessed by PCR and Western Blot after osteogenic differentiation for the following molecules: Runx2, COL-1 and OCN. Alizarin red staining was used for determining the ability of cell mineralization after osteogenic differentiation. Results : The expressions of cell surface markers CD90 and CD105 were positive in both type of cells, while CD34, CD14 and CD45 were all negative. After 21 days of osteogenic induction, JMMSCs formed significantly more mineralized nodules than BMMSCs. After 7, 14, 21 days of osteogenic induction, JMMSCs expressed more osteogenic-related molecules than BMMSCs. Conclusion The osteogenic differentiation capacity and mineralization ability of JMMSCs are significantly higher than BMMSCs. Jaw bone might be a more suitable source of seed cells in bone tissue engineering compared with long bone.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the mechanism of K (lysine) acetyltransferase 2A (KAT2A) regulation and control on the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). METHODS: The expression levels of KAT2A in PDLSCs were compared from each generation of the normal (H-PDLSCs) and periodontitis tissues (P-PDLSCs). The influences of KAT2A gene interference on the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs were also detected. In addition, the influences of the KAT2A gene interference to the canonical Wnt pathway and ligands were detected. The upstream and down-stream relationships between KAT2A and canonical Wnt pathway were also determined. RESULTS: The decreased expression of KAT2A in PDLSCs from the inflammatory tissue in each generation was compared with that in PDLSCs from the healthy tissue, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). When the KAT2A gene was disrupted, the osteogenesis ability of PDLSC was declined, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The canonical Wnt pathway was activated, and the antagonist Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) was reduced. After the DKK-1 addition, the osteogenic differentiation of the disturbed PDLSCs was recovered, and KAT2A was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS The KAT2A expression in PDLSCs was decreased because of perio-dontitis. The classical Wnt pathway was activated to inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of the cells.
Acetyltransferases ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lysine ; Osteogenesis ; Periodontal Ligament ; metabolism ; Periodontitis ; metabolism ; Stem Cells ; Wnt Signaling Pathway