OBJECTIVE:To study the long-term toxicity of Reketing granules.METHODS:The experiment was performed in 4 groups:one control group(normal saline)and three Reketing subgroups(188 g?kg-1,94 g?kg-1,18 g?kg-1).After intragastrical administration for 3 consecutive months,the blood routine,urine routine and serum biochemical indicators were measured in rats,and the autopsy of the major organs was performed.After drug withdrawal for 2 weeks,the above indexes were measured again to find out the abnormality.RESULTS:After 3-month medication,the rats experienced a gradual increase in body weight and developed well.In Reketing high dose-treated group,glutamate-pyruvate transaminase(GPT)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)levels increased slightly;and except for lesion of liver and kidney in small number of rats,the peripheral hemogram,urine routine and the blood biochemical indicators were all normal.The above indexes and the pathological findings of the organs after drug withdrawal for 2 weeks were all normal.CONCLUSION:Reketing granules can lead to mild lesion of liver and kidney of rats during medication,but the symptoms disappear after drug withdrawal.

OBJECTIVE:To establish an HPLC method for determination of gentiopicroside in Gentian liver-purging pill. METHODS:The chromatographic separation was carried out on VP-ODS(150 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution(15∶85) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The UV detection wavele-ngth was set at 270 nm and column temperature was kept at 25 ℃.RESULTS:The liner range of gentiopicroside was 0.355 4～5.331 ?g(r=0.999 8) and the average recovery was 100.05%(RSD=2.2%,n=6). CONCLUSION:The method is simple,rapid and accurate,and it is applicable for the quality control of Gentian liver-purging pill.

BACKGROUND:Bone morphogenetic protein-7 can promote proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels and has important significance in terms of inducing new bone formation. OBJECTIVE:To observe the protein and mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein-7 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels transfected with bone morphogenetic protein-7. METHODS:Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels were isolated and cultured, and then identified by the morphology and cel surface markers. Lentiviral vectors carrying bone morphogenetic protein-7 were constructed to transfect bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels. After total RNA extraction, the protein and mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein-7 was detected by RT-PCR and western blot methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:PLV-sfGFP(2A)-BMP7 recombinant plasmids were successfuly constructed and transferred into rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels. The mRNA and protein expression of bone morphogenetic protein-7 in the transfection group was significantly higher than that in the blank vector and blank groups (P < 0.05), indicating exogenous bone morphogenetic protein-7 gene is effectively integrated into the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Yougui Yin on steroid-induced femoral head necrosis in rats and the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and to explore its mechanism.Methods:Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, high-dose group (26.4 g/kg), medium-dose group (13.2 g/kg) and low-dose group (6.6 g/kg) of Yougui Yin, with 10 rats in each group. Except the normal group, the other groups were prepared with SANFH model by combining LPS and methylprednisolone injection. The treatment groups were intragastrically administered with Yougui Yin, once a day for 8 weeks. After the final administration, the serum calcium and phosphorus levels of rats in each group were determined by automatic biochemical analyzer. The femoral head specimens of rats in each group were detected by MRI, and the pathological changes of the femoral head were observed by HE staining. The expressions of caspase-3, β-catenin and Wnt3α mRNA in the femoral head of rats were detected by RT-PCR.Results:Compared with the model group, the levels of serum calcium and phosphorus in the medium and high dose groups were increased significantly ( P<0.05, P<0.01), and the level of serum phosphorus in the low dose group was increased significantly ( P<0.05); In the medium and high dose groups, the femoral empty bone lacuna rate was decreased ( P<0.05, P<0.01); The expression of caspase-3 mRNA (2.146±0.191, 1.688±0.247, 1.370±0.252 vs. 2.535±0.236) in the low, medium and high dose groups were decreased ( P<0.05, P<0.01), and the expression of β-catenin mRNA (0.433±0.102, 0.496±0.091, 0.698±0.089 vs. 0.259±0.106) were increased ( P<0.05, P<0.01); The expression of Wnt3α mRNA (0.509±0.061, 0.833±0.053 vs. 0.384±0.052) in the medium and high dose groups were increased ( P<0.05, P<0.01); In the medium and high dose groups, MRI showed higher T2 signals around the joint, and high T2 signals within the joint, which were clearly distinguished from the femoral head cartilage, and there was no obvious abnormal signal within the femoral head. HE staining in the Yougui Yin medium and high dose groups showed that trabecular bone was coarse and arranged regularly, most of the bone cells were normal, and empty bone lacunae were less. Conclusion:The protective effect of Yougui Yin on SANFH rats may be related to the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Objective: To explore the influence of smoking and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in coke oven workers and investigate their dose-dependent relationships. Methods: A total of 436 workers exposed to coke oven emissions (COEs) and 132 controls were recruited in this study. Questionnaires were completed in a personal interview. Then their urine samples were also collected and the concentrations of urinary four OH-PAHs and 8-OHdG were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) which was used to evaluate the levels of occupational PAHs internal exposure among workers and the DNA damage. Results: The differences of concentrations of urinary 2-NAP (2-hydroxynathalene) , 2-FLU (2-hydroxyfluorene) , 9-PHE (9-hydroxyphenanthrene) , 1-OHP (1-hydroxypyrene) between exposure group and control group were statistically significant (P<0.05) . In exposure group and control group, the level of 8-OHdG in heavy smoking workers were significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed high levels of urinary 8-OHdG were associated with a significantly increased risk of having higher urinary1-hydroxypyrene levels[OR=1.43 (95%CI: 1.06-1.94) , P<0.01] and heavy smoking [OR=1.44 (95%CI: 1.08-1.91) , P<0.01], respectively. Trend test showed that linear dose response relationship between smoking, 1-OHP in urine and higher concentrations of 8-OHdG (P<0.05) . Smoking could significant modify the effects of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, while co-exposure to both heavy smoking and high urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels[OR=5.64 (95%CI: 2.15-14.80) , P<0.05]. Conclusion Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene is a useful biomarker for evaluating total PAHs exposure, coke oven workers with heavy smoking present more serious DNA oxditive damage.

OBJECTIVETo assess the value of G-banded karyotyping in combination with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) as a tool for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses with congenital heart defects.

METHODSThe combined method was used to analyze 104 fetuses with heart malformations identified by ultrasonography. Abnormal findings were confirmed with chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA).

RESULTSNineteen (18%) fetuses were found to harbor chromosomal aberrations by G-banded karyotyping and MLPA. For 93 cases, CMA has detected abnormalities in 14 cases including 10 pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) and 4 CNVs of uncertain significance (VOUS). MLPA was able to detect all of the pathogenic CNVs and 1 VOUS CNV.

CONCLUSIONCombined use of G-banded karyotyping and MLPA is a rapid, low-cost and effective method to detect chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses with various heart malformations.

Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Banding ; Chromosome Disorders ; diagnosis ; genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Female ; Fetal Diseases ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Genetic Testing ; methods ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; methods ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVE: To study effects and mechanism of sub-chronic aluminum-maltolate complex [Al( mal)3]exposure on mitochondrial damage of hippocampus in rats. METHODS: Sixty specific pathogen free healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: a blank group,a control group,a low-,a medium- and a high-dose group,with 12 rats in each group. Blank group was not treated. Low-,medium- and high-dose groups were treated with 0. 41,0. 81,1. 62 mg / kg body weigh of Al( mal)3solution respectively. The control group was treated with an equal volume of saline. Al( mal)3exposure was conducted by intraperitoneal injection every other day for 90 days. The activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2 +-Mg2 +-ATPase in hippocampus were tested by chemical colorimetric technique. Western blot analysis was used to detect the relative expression of cytochrome oxidase Ⅳ( Cox Ⅳ),dynamin-related protein 1( Drp1),optic Atrophy 1( Opa1),mitofusin( Mfn) 1,and Mfn2 in hippocampus. RESULTS: The activity of Na+-k+-ATPase in high-dose group was significantly lower than those in blank-,control-,and low-dose groups( P < 0. 05). The activity of Ca2 +-Mg2 +-ATPase in medium-dose group was significantly lower than those in blank group( P < 0. 05),and that in high-dose group was significantly lower than those in the other four groups( P < 0. 05). The relative expression levels of CoxⅣ in mediumand high-dose groups were lower than those of the other three groups( P < 0. 05). The relative expression levels of Drp1 and Mfn2 in medium-and high-dose groups were significantly higher than those in blank-,control and low dose group( P <0. 05). The relative expression levels of Opa1 in medium- and high-dose groups were significantly higher than those in blank-,control- and low-dose groups( P < 0. 05). The relative expression levels of Mfn1 in medium- and high-groups were significantly higher than that in blank group( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: The mitochondria of rat hippocampus was damaged by the sub-chronic aluminum-maltolate exposure. The damage may be related to the change of mitochondrial dynamics.

This article reviews relevant literature on the prevention and treatment of cancer with hesperidin published in the past 10 years by searching electronic databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）， Wanfang， and PubMed， and summarizes the research progress on the anticancer mechanism of hesperidin. Hesperidin has a wide range of pharmacological effects， including anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， antibacterial， antiviral， anticancer， immune-regulatory， anti-radiation， neuroprotective and cardiovascular protective properties and so on. Its anticancer mechanisms mainly include inhibiting cancer cell proliferation， promoting apoptosis， reducing angiogenesis， inhibiting invasion and migration of cancer cells， regulating immunity and autophagy， and exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. As a broad-spectrum anticancer drug， hesperidin manifests chemo-preventive and therapeutic effects across various cancers， contingent upon its multifaceted anticancer mechanisms. Furthermore， this article summarizes the synergistic effects of hesperidin in combination with cisplatin， doxorubicin， cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel. It elucidates that hesperidin can enhance the cytotoxicity of these anticancer drugs against cancer cells while mitigating drug resistance and adverse side effects. Nonetheless， the clinical use is somewhat constrained due to its poor water solubility and limited bioavailability. Therefore， this article also outlines the current strategies for enhancing hesperidin's bioavailability， including structural modification， combination with other chemical substances， and utilization of nano drug carriers.The discovery of derivatives of hesperidin not only preserves the anticancer efficacy of hesperidin, but also effectively overcomes the shortcomings of poor water solubility and low bioavailability of hesperidin, effectively predicting the good application prospects of hesperidin and its derivatives.