Objective: To study the clinicopathologic feature, diagnostic strategy and prognostic significance of primary carcinoid of the ovary (PCOTO). Methods: A series of 17 patients previously diagnosed as PCOTO at Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital during the period from 2002 to 2017 were evaluated with clinical data analysis, histopathology and immunohistochemistry, and the patients were followed up and the relevant literatures were reviewed. Results: The age of patients ranged from 24 to 64 years (mean, 42 years). Fourteen patients were found a pelvic mass for a health check-up, and only 3 patients presented with pain in the lower abdomen. The left ovary was involved initially in ten patients, and the right in seven. The major axis of the tumor ranged from 2 to 14 cm. The surface of these tumors was smooth. Seven of the tumors were solid-cystic, 6 were cystic and 4 were solid. Under light microscope, 6 cases were diagnosed as strumal carcinoid, 4 cases were insular carcinoid, 4 cases were trabecular carcinoid, 3 cases were insular and trabecular mixed type carcinoid and 1 case was mucinous carcinoid. The mitotic figures were no more than 1/10 HPF.There were 11 cases complicated with other ovarian tumors, including 10 cases with teratoma, and 1 case with mucinous cystic adenoma. The paraffin-embedded tissues of all cases showed immunoreactivity for NSE and Syn, and the positive propotion of CgA was 10/17. TTF1 was positive in thyroid follicles and negative in strumal carcinoid. The positive index of Ki-67 was no more than 2%. Follow-up of 13 to 188 months showed 16 patients without recurrence and 1 patients were loss to follow-up. Conclusions PCOTO is very rare. Most of the patients are found with a mass during health check-up in unilateral ovary and without obvious clinical symptoms. Histologically, the tumor always exists with other ovarian tumors, including teratoma and mucinous cystic adenoma, with relatively good prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo establish a mice model of aminoglycoside antibiotics (AmAn) induced ototoxicity. Then to investigate the sensitivity of AmAn induced ototoxicity in three mouse strains and effect of kanamycin on the expression of Na-K-2Cl co-transporter-1 (NKCC1) in stria vascularis.

METHODSC57BL/ 6J, CBA/CaJ, NKCC1 +/- mice (each of twenty-four) were randomly divided into four experimental groups A, B, C and D (A kanamycin alone, B kanamycin plus 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoate, C 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoate alone, D control group). Mice were injected with kanamycin or/and 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoate for 14 days. Auditory function was measured by auditory brainstem response (ABR) and morphology of cochlea was observed by succinate dehydrogenase staining. Expression of NKCC1 was detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSMice in group A developed significant ABR threshold shifts (P < 0.01), which were accompanied by out hair cells loss. Mice in group B significantly attenuated ABR threshold shifts with out hair cells loss (P <0.01). The immunostaining of NKCC1 in stria vascularis was attenuated significantly in group A compared with group D (P < 0.01) while the immunostaining in group B was enhanced than which in group A (P < 0.01). CBA/CaJ mice has the highest sensitivity to AmAn in three mouse strains.

CONCLUSIONSAn mouse model of AmAn induced ototoxicity could be established by administration of kanamycin. Kanamycin could inhibit the expression of NKCC1 in stria vascularis. 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoate could attenuate AmAn induced ototoxicity maybe by enhancing the expression of NKCC1. Mice that had the characteristic of presbycusis didn't show additional sensitivity of AmAn induced ototoxicity.

Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; toxicity ; Blood Vessels ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cochlea ; blood supply ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Kanamycin ; toxicity ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Parabens ; toxicity ; Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters ; metabolism ; Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) in prophylaxis neutropenia after chemotherapy in patients with lymphoma. Methods: This was a multicenter, single arm, open, phase Ⅳ clinical trial. Included 410 patients with lymphoma received multiple cycles of chemotherapy and PEG-rhG-CSF was administrated as prophylactic. The primary endpoint was the incidence of Ⅲ/Ⅳ grade neutropenia and febrile neutropenia (FN) after each chemotherapy cycle. Meanwhile the rate of antibiotics application during the whole period of chemotherapy was observed. Results: ①Among the 410 patients, 8 cases (1.95%) were contrary to the selected criteria, 35 cases (8.54%) lost, 19 cases (4.63%) experienced adverse events, 12 cases (2.93%) were eligible for the termination criteria, 15 cases (3.66%) develpoed disease progression or recurrence, thus the rest 321 cases (78.29%) were into the Per Protocol Set. ②During the first to fourth treatment cycles, the incidences of grade Ⅳ neutropenia after prophylactic use of PEG-rhG-CSF were 19.14% (49/256) , 12.5% (32/256) , 12.18% (24/197) , 13.61% (20/147) , respectively. The incidences of FN were 3.52% (9/256) , 0.39% (1/256) , 2.54% (5/197) , 2.04% (3/147) , respectively. After secondary prophylactic use of PEG-rhG-CSF, the incidences of Ⅳ grade neutropenia decreased from 61.54% (40/65) in the screening cycle to 16.92% (11/65) , 18.46% (12/65) and 20.75% (11/53) in 1-3 cycles, respectively. The incidences of FN decreased from 16.92% (11/65) in the screening cycle to 1.54% (1/65) , 4.62% (3/65) , 3.77% (2/53) in 1-3 cycles, respectively. ③The proportion of patients who received antibiotic therapy during the whole period of chemotherapy was 34.39% (141/410) . ④The incidence of adverse events associated with PEG-rhG-CSF was 4.63% (19/410) . The most common adverse events were bone pain[3.90% (16/410) ], fatigue (0.49%) and fever (0.24%) . Conclusion During the chemotherapy in patients with lymphoma, the prophylactic use of PEG-rhG-CSF could effectively reduce the incidences of grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ neutropenia and FN, which ensures that patients with lymphoma receive standard-dose chemotherapy to improve its cure rate.

Background/Aims: Low educational attainment is a well-established risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in developed areas. However, the association between educational attainment and the risk of NAFLD is less clear in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study including over 200,000 Chinese adults across mainland China was conducted. Information on education level and lifestyle factors were obtained through standard questionnaires, while NAFLD and advanced fibrosis were diagnosed using validated formulas. Outcomes included the risk of NAFLD in the general population and high probability of fibrosis among patients with NAFLD. Logistic regression analysis was employed to estimate the risk of NAFLD and fibrosis across education levels. A causal mediation model was used to explore the potential mediators. Results: Comparing with those receiving primary school education, the multi-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for NAFLD were 1.28 (1.16 to 1.41) for men and 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) for women with college education after accounting for body mass index. When considering waist circumference, the odds ratios (95% CIs) were 0.94 (0.86 to 1.04) for men and 0.88 (0.80 to 0.97) for women, respectively. The proportions mediated by general and central obesity were 51.00% and 68.04% for men, while for women the proportions were 48.58% and 32.58%, respectively. Furthermore, NAFLD patients with lower educational attainment showed an incremental increased risk of advanced fibrosis in both genders. Conclusions In China, a low education level was associated with a higher risk of prevalent NAFLD in women, as well as high probability of fibrosis in both genders.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the cut-off value in screening of thalassemia in pregnant women from Shenzhen region by capillary hemoglobin electrophoresis.

METHODSThe data of capillary hemoglobin electrophoresis and genetic diagnosis of thalassemia from 2122 examined prenatal women were retrospectively analyzed. Capillary hemoglobin electrophoresis and α-, β- genetic diagnosis of thalassemia were carried out for every woman. Hemoglobin electrophoresis was performed using Capillarys 2 full-automated electrophoresis instrument. Gap polymerase chain reaction and reverse dot blot were used for genetic diagnosis of thalassemia genotyping test. The cut-off value in screening of thalassemia was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve and next to analyze the value of HbA2 and HbF in screening of thalassemia using the decided cut-off value.

RESULTSThe areas under the curve (AUC(Roc)) of HbA2 for diagnosis of α-, β- thalassemia were 0.75 and 0.981 respectively, and the AUC(Roc) of HbF for diagnosis of β-thalassemia was 0.787. When HbA2 ≤ 2.55 was taken as the cut-off value of HbA2 for diagnosis of α-thalassemia, the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR(+)) and negative likelihood ratio (LR(-)) were 89.5%, 54.8%, 1.98, 0.19 respectively. When HbA2 ≥3.9 was taken as the cut off value of HbA2 for diagnosis of β-thalassemia, the sensitivity, specificity, LR(+) and LR(-) were 96.1%, 99.8% 480.5, 0.04 respectively. When HbF ≥0.75 was taken as the cut off value of HbF for diagnosis of β-thalassemia, the sensitivity, specificity, LR(+) and LR(-) were 83.6%, 61.8% respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe cut-off value in screening of thalassemia by capillarys 2 full automated electrophoresis instrument is different from that of the traditional method of hemoglobin electrophoresis, such as cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis and agarose gel electrophoresis. Each laboratory should establish their own respective cut off value.

Area Under Curve ; China ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Female ; Fetal Hemoglobin ; analysis ; Genotyping Techniques ; Hematologic Tests ; Hemoglobin A2 ; analysis ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Pregnancy ; Reference Values ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; alpha-Thalassemia ; diagnosis ; beta-Thalassemia ; diagnosis

Objective: To investigate the infection sources and the transmission chains of three outbreaks caused by 2019-nCoV Omicron variant possibly spread through cross-border logistics in Beijing. Methods: Epidemiological investigation and big data were used to identify the exposure points of the cases. Close contacts were traced from the exposure points, and the cases' and environmental samples were collected for nucleic acid tests. Positive samples were analyzed by gene sequencing. Results: The Omicron variant causing 3 outbreaks in Beijing from January to April, 2022 belonged to BA.1, BA.1.1 and BA.2. The outbreaks lasted for 8, 12 and 8 days respectively, and 6, 42 and 32 cases infected with 2019-nCoV were reported respectively. International mail might be the infection source for 1 outbreak, and imported clothes might be the infection sources for another 2 outbreaks. The interval between the shipment start time of the imported goods and the infection time of the index case was 3-4 days. The mean incubation period (Q₁, Q₃) was 3 (2,4) days and the mean serial interval (Q₁, Q₃) was 3 (2,4)days. Conclusions: The 3 outbreaks highlighted the risk of infection by Omicron variant from international logistics-related imported goods at normal temperature. Omicron variant has stronger transmissibility, indicating that rapid epidemiological investigation and strict management are needed.
Humans ; Beijing ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Disease Outbreaks ; China/epidemiology*