Animals ; Astragalus Plant ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; drug therapy ; Rheum ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

Background Insulin can promote the occurrence of myopia.It has been proven that insulin receptor exists in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and can promote RPE cells to secrete transforming growth factor-β2(TGF-β2),which is one of the most important myopic signal molecules.Objective This study was to investigate if PI3K/Akt mediates the promotive effects of insulin on proliferation of human RPE cells and secretion of TGF-β2.Methods Human RPE cell line,ARPE-19 cells,were regularly cultured using DMEM containing 10％ fetal bovine serum,and 10× 103 U/ml insulin,LY294002,10× 103 U/ml insulin+LY294002,Wortmanin,10× 103 U/ml insulin+Wortmanin were added into the medium respectively for 48 hours,and the regularly cultured cells served as blank controls.The proliferation value (absorbance,A) of the cells was evaluated by MTS,and the TGF-β2 level in the cell supernatant was detected by ELISA.The relative expression of TGF-β2 mRNA in the cells was assayed using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCT) 1 hour and 2 hours after the addition of reagents.Results MTS showed that the proliferation value of the cells in the insulin+LY294002 group was 0.75±0.03,which was significantly lower than that in the insulin group (0.98± 0.04).No significant difference was seen in the proliferative value between the insulin+Wortmanin group and the insulin group (0.97±0.07 versus 0.98± 0.04,P＞0.05).ELISA revealed that the content of TGF-β2 in the the cell supernatant was (11.59±2.85) pg/ml and (49.16± 10.94) pg/ml in the insulin + LY294002 group and the insulin + Wortmanin group,respectively,showing a significant decline in comparison with (548.50±35.18) pg/ml in the insulin group (both at P＜0.05).A significant difference was found in the TGF-β2 content between the insulin+LY294002 group and the insulin+Wortmanin group (t =8.131,P =0.000).The RT-PCR showed that 1 hour and 2 hours after addition of the reagents,the expression levels of TGF-β2 mRNA in the cells were lower in both insulin+LY294002 group and insulin+Wortmanin group than those in the insulin group (P＜0.05).The decline range of TGF-β2 mRNA expression level was more significant in the insulin+LY294002 group than that in the insulin+Wortmanin group at 1 hour (t=4.176,P=0.014) rather than at 2 hours (t=0.756,P=0.492).Conclusions Insulin can promote the proliferation of human RPE cells and secretion of TGF-β2 through PI3K/Akt pathway.This may be one of the mechanisms of insulin causes myopia.

Bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract viral infection in infants.Incidence of bronchiolitis is greatly increasing in recent years,and seriously affecting the health of children.In order to better manage bronchiolitis,American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) convened a new subcommittee to review and revise the 2006 bronchiolitis guideline.This evidence-based guideline amended to provide new evidence of diagnosis,treatment and prevention bronchiolitis for the clinician.

Neonatal pain is a common phenomenon. For a long time neonatal pain had not been focus on properly and managed appropriately. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn and Section on Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine published policy statement to emphasize the necessity of neonatal pain assessment,and summarize the neonatal operability pain assessment method,drug and non-drug control measures,also update prevention and management of procedural pain in the neonate in 2016. Until today the guideline for neonatal pain management has not yet been released in China. As the reference for clinicians in domestic,the content of policy statement will be reorganized and introduced.

Pichia pastoris is a new eukaryotic expression system with great potentials, has unexampled advantages in expressing the heterologous proteins and has gotten more and more wide application. The following aspects were described in detail: the advantages of Pichia pastoris in the expression of heterologous genes, the mechanism of the heterologous gene integrations, the glycosylation of the expressed protein and the modification of the post-translated protein.

Measles is an acute viral disease, almost all deaths cases of measles in children occur in developing countries each year.Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, measles is still one of the main causes of death of children in global area.2015 report of Committee on Infectious Diseases of American provided evidence of clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention of measles.

Actins ; metabolism ; Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Desmin ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fibroadenoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Hamartoma ; pathology ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Leiomyoma ; pathology ; Microfilament Proteins ; metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth ; pathology ; Phyllodes Tumor ; pathology

Objective: To investigate the neural connections between Shenmen (HT7)-heart and the brain by observing the tracing viruses co-labeled brain nuclear groups after injection of the pseudorabies viruses (PRV), the reverse transsynaptic virus tracer carrying different fluorescent protein genes, into the myocardium and Shenmen (HT7) point, respectively.Methods: Pseudorabies virus 531 (PRV531) carrying the green fluorescent protein gene and pseudorabies virus 724 (PRV724) carrying the red fluorescent protein gene were injected into the left ventricular wall and Shenmen (HT7) point area of the left forelimb of six C57BL/6 mice, respectively. After 120 h, whole brain tissue was extracted under 4％ paraformaldehyde perfusion to prepare brain sections. Neuronal co-labeling with the tracing viruses was observed under fluorescence microscopy. Results: Co-labeled signals from the mouse ventricular wall and Shenmen (HT7) point region were found at all levels of the mouse central nervous areas, such as the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. The number of co-labeled neurons was higher in the primary motor area, the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, the subceruleus nucleus, and the paramedian reticular nucleus. Conclusion: There is a neural connection between Shenmen (HT7), the heart, and the brain, which may be most closely related to the autonomic nervous system.

Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Codon ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Exons ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Melanoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neurilemmoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Point Mutation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; metabolism ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha ; genetics ; metabolism

?AIM: To investigate the changes of nearwork induced transient myopia ( NITM ) in different refractive status after continuous near tasking.?METHODS:Prospective study. Thirty subjects ( aged 18-24, average 20. 9 ± 2. 1, 12 males and 18 females) were recruited in this study. They were divided into 3 groups according to the subjective refraction: 10 with hyperopia (H), 10 with emmetrope (E) and 10 with myopia (M). All the subjects with soft contact lens watched videos on a panel computer at near distance (33cm ~ 40cm). Five measurements of distance refraction in the right eye were performed by using an infrared optometer before, after 30min and 60min sustained viewing task, and the mean of 5 refractive values was recorded as spherical equivalent. Then distance refraction of right eyes was done every 5s followed by stopping near tasking until NITM was disappeared completely and the decay time of NITM was recorded for each subject. The value of NITM was the difference of refractive values between before and after near tasking. Paired-t test was used to compare the changes of refractive values in the same group. ANOVA was used to determine the differences of NITM and its decaying time among three groups.?RESULTS: Compared with pre - task, no significant refractive changes were found in hyperopic group ( t =1. 627,P= 0. 138 ); While subjects with emmetropia and myopia showed more myopic shifts at the two time points (tE = 2. 699, PE = 0. 024;tM = 4. 930, PM = 0. 001 ). With continuous viewing until the 30th min and 60th min, significant differences of averaged NITM were found between myopic group and other 2 groups (P<0. 05), but no difference was found between hyperopic group and emmetropic group (P>0. 05). Significant differences of the decay time of NITM can be seen among the three groups after near tasking (F=787. 983,P<0. 001).? CONCLUSION: Subjects with myopia are more susceptible to produce NITM than other 2 groups during sustained nearwork for the same time and the decaying time of NITM is longer in myopia group after near tasking, thus it is suggesting that NITM might be attributed to the development and progression of myopia.