Artificial intelligence (AI) is among the forefront science in recent years. The rapid development of intelligent medicine based on AI, a new concept in the medical field, has resulted in a large impact on traditional medicine. AI poses a great opportunity and also many challenges for clinical physicians. Recently, researches in the development and application of AI are increasingly published in the field of endocrinology, such as the diagnosis and prediction of diabetes and its complications, the optimizing treatment and blood glucose management, the development of artificial pancreas, the diagnosis and treatment of obesity, the prognosis of bariatric surgery, osteoporosis and fracture prediction, bone age analysis, non-invasive assessment of liver steatosis and fibrosis, diagnosis of acromegaly, pathological diagnosis of thyroid and pituitary tumors. Nevertheless, the clinical applications of AI for medicine are still at an initial stage. With the rapid development of AI, we are expecting that it will play a pivotal role in the field of endocrinology and metabolism in the future. This is a new era for medical community to embrace new technology. Only with the properly dealing with the innovation of AI, a win-win result could be achieved.

Objective To study the application of multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT) portography in diagnonsis of pancreatic portal hypertension. Methods Forty-seven patients with lesion in body or tail of pancrease,47 normal subjects and 126 patients with portal hypertension underwent MSCT portography with LightSpeed 16 CT scanner. The inner diameter of portal system and the main collateral veins were measured in maximun intensity projection (MIP) image. The volume of liver and spleen were also measured in volume rendering (VR) image. The liver parenchyma and main portal vein enhancement in portal vein phase were also taken. The endoscopy examination was made in 57 patiens with portal hypertension. Results In 47 patiens with lesion in body or tail of pancreas , stenosis or occlusion of spleen vein were found in 38 patients(pancreatic portal hypertension in 27 patients, chronic and acute pancreatitis in 11 patients). In 38 patients with pancreatic portal hypertension, esophageal varices was found in 5 patients(13.2%), gastric fundus varix in 25 patients (65.8%), gastric body variees in 22 patients (57.9%), short-gastric vein/post-gastric vein(SGV/PGV) in 26 patients (68.4%), coronal gastric vein in 26 patients (68.4%),dilated gasto-omenta vein in 24 patients(63.2%), mesenterica varicesin 1 patient, splenic vein occlusion in 14 patients (36.8%), splenic vein stenosis in 23 patinets(63.2%). Conclusions The patients with pancreatic portal hypertension were demonstrate characteristic changes in MSCT portography. The MSCT portography is helpful in etiological diagnosis of pancreatic portal hypertension by supplying images in vessel morphology.

Objective:To investigate the changes of sphenoid sinus and related risk factors of sphenoid sinusitis after microscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection.Methods:The clinical and imaging data of 106 patients with large pituitary adenoma in 900 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Team between August 2012 and March 2015 were continually collected. The changes of accumulated blood and fluid, inflammation, mucocele, mucosa remodeling in sphenoid sinus cavity at preoperative and postoperative different time points were observed through the analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Binary logistic multiple factors regression model was used to analyze the independent risk factors for postoperative sphenoid sinusitis.Results:MRI results showed that the blood and fluid accumulated in sphenoid sinus cavity were absorbed and dissipated 3 months after the surgery, and the saddle bone windows were covered by new mucous membrane at this time, but they were not complete; the remaining tumors in the saddle all sank into the saddle to different degrees. The reconstruction of sphenoid sinus mucosa was basically complete 6 months after the surgery. There were 7 (6.6%) cases of mucocele in sphenoid sinus and 26 (24.5%) cases of sphenoid sinusitis 3 months after the surgery among 106 patients. The results of multivariate analysis showed that growth hormone adenoma ( OR = 2.981, 95% CI 1.480-26.207, P = 0.014), preoperative sphenoid sinusitis ( OR = 12.392, 95% CI 2.927-52.462, P = 0.001), frequency of multiple transsphenoidal surgery ( OR = 14.758, 95% CI 2.431-89.584, P = 0.003) and perioperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage ( OR = 11.644, 95% CI 2.175-62.344, P = 0.004) were independent risk factors for postoperative sphenoid sinusitis. Conclusions:The evolution of sphenoid sinus cavity contents has its own rules after microscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection. Patients with growth-hormone pituitary adenoma, sinusitis before surgery, multiple transsphenoidal surgery and cerebrospinal fluid leakage during the surgery should receive enhanced anti-infection treatment and nasal care in perioperative period to reduce the possibility of sphenoid sinusitis after surgery. The staged time of reoperation for pituitary adenoma resection by transsphenoidal approach should be about 3 months after the previous operation.

Objective To analyze setup errors for irradiation of pelvic carcinoma by online conebeam CT (CBCT) scanning and to calculate the external margins from clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) in treatment planning. Methods Twelve patients with rectal or prostate cancer were enrolled in this study. Translational errors (x,y,z) and rotational errors (u,v,w) were obtained by using CBCT in radiotherapy. Results The set-up errors were gathered from 229 sets of CBCT in 12patients. The systemic ± random errors on x,y,z, u,v and w axes were (0.49 ± 1.18) mm, (-0. 11 ±3.45) mm, (-2. 00 ± 1.59) mm, 1.14°±0. 67°, 0. 42°±O. 94°and -0. 32°±±0. 68°, respectively. Setup errors in the left-right, anterior-posterior, and superior-inferior directions were 4. 6 mm, 12. 5 mm, and 6. 2 mm, respectively. Conclusions Set-up errors were unavoidable in pelvic carcinoma irradiation. To minimize the influence of set-up errors, we suggest a PTV margin of 5 mm, 15 mm and 10 mm in the leftright, anterior-posterior and superior-inferior directions, respectively.

Objective CT angiography (CTA) of the portal vein system by 16 detector spiral CT was performed to determine etiopathogenisis, collateral and gastro-renal shunt in the patients with portal hypertension. MethodsThirty-two patients suspected of portal hypertension were examined and reconstructed by arterial-venous double-phase scan. Results Twenty-seven patients with portal hypertension were revealed by CT scan and reconstruction, with spleen vein thrombosis in 4 cases, congenital cavernous transformation of portal vein in 3 cases, gastro-renal shunt in 9 cases, and simply liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension in 11 cases. Conclusion Portal CTA is a significantly important and useful examination method for portal hypertension patients, it could help to determine not only the range, degree and variation of esophageal and gastric varices, but also the etiopathogenisis of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.

Obj ective To explore yhe effecy of cogniyive behavior inyervenyion in payienys wiyh chronic renal failure.Methods 60 payienys wiyh chronic renal failure were randomly divided inyo yhe observayion group and yhe conyrol group,yhe conyrol group was received rouyine nursing, yhe observayion group was given cogniyive behavior inyervenyion,nursing effecys were compared be-yween yhe ywo groups.Results Life syyle score in yhe aspecy of self realizayion,healyh responsibili-yy,nuyriyion and oyhers in yhe observayion group was higher yhan yhay in yhe conyrol group;Healyh belief was beyyer yhan yhay in conyrol group,yhe resulys revealed yhay yhe difference was syayisyically significany (P<0 .05 ).Life qualiyy in physical funcyion,role funcyion and social funcyion in yhe ob-servayion group was higher yhay in yhe conyrol group;Nursing sayisfacyion was higher yhan yhay in yhe conyrol group,so yhe difference was syayisyically significany(P<0.05).Conclusion Cogniyive behavioral inyervenyion can effecyively improve life syyle and life qualiyy in payienys wiyh chronic renal failure.

Obj ective To explore yhe effecy of cogniyive behavior inyervenyion in payienys wiyh chronic renal failure.Methods 60 payienys wiyh chronic renal failure were randomly divided inyo yhe observayion group and yhe conyrol group,yhe conyrol group was received rouyine nursing, yhe observayion group was given cogniyive behavior inyervenyion,nursing effecys were compared be-yween yhe ywo groups.Results Life syyle score in yhe aspecy of self realizayion,healyh responsibili-yy,nuyriyion and oyhers in yhe observayion group was higher yhan yhay in yhe conyrol group;Healyh belief was beyyer yhan yhay in conyrol group,yhe resulys revealed yhay yhe difference was syayisyically significany (P<0 .05 ).Life qualiyy in physical funcyion,role funcyion and social funcyion in yhe ob-servayion group was higher yhay in yhe conyrol group;Nursing sayisfacyion was higher yhan yhay in yhe conyrol group,so yhe difference was syayisyically significany(P<0.05).Conclusion Cogniyive behavioral inyervenyion can effecyively improve life syyle and life qualiyy in payienys wiyh chronic renal failure.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of oridonin inducing apoptosis on acute leukeamia NB4 cells and its mechanism. Methods NB4 cells in culture medium in vitro were given with different concentrations (8, 16, 24, and 32 μmol/L) of oridonin. The inhibitory rate of the cells was measured by MTT assay, cell apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry (FCM), morphology of apoptosis was observed by Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining, DNA fragmentation was assayed by agarose gel electrophoresis, caspase-3 expression was detected by Western blotting, and caspase-3 activity was assayed with colorimetric assay kit before and after apoptosis occurred. Results Oridonin (over 16 μmol/L) could inhibit the growth of NB4 cells and cause apoptosis significantly, the suppression was both in a timeand dose-dependent manner. Marked changes of apoptosis including condensation of chromatin and nuclear fragmentation were observed very clearly by Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining and a characteristic "ladder" of DNA fragments was elicited by agarose gel electrophoresis; Western blot analysis revealed that caspase-3 was activated by the loss of caspase-3 proenzyme (32 kDa) and the appearance of its 20 kDa subunit, and that along with the apoptotic process caspase-3 activity was increased concurrently. Conclusion Oridonin can induce apoptosis in NB4 cells via activation of caspase-3. These results will provide laboratory evidence for the clinical treatment of acute leukemia with oridonin.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacies of vasiculation moxibustion with pastes prepared in different ways and at different acupoint groups in treating allergic rhinitis due to deficient cold of lung qi. Method Eighty subjects were randomized into 4 groups, 20 in each group. Raw Bai Jie Zi (Semen Brassicae) was used in the vesiculation paste for group 1 and 2;stir-baked Bai Jie Zi (Semen Brassicae) was used for group 3 and 4. In group 1 and group 3, bilateral Feishu (BL 13), Fengmen (BL12), and Gaohuang (BL 43) were selected; in group 2 and group 4, bilateral Dazhu (BL11), Geshu (BL17), and Shenshu (BL23) were selected. The symptom and sign scores were compared before and after intervention. Result There were significant differences in comparing the symptoms and signs among the four groups (P＜0.05), and paired comparisons showed that the therapeutic efficacies of group 1 and group 3 were significantly higher than that of group 2 and group 4 (P＜0.05), while the differences in the therapeutic efficacy between group 1 and group 3, group 2 and group 4 were statistically insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusion Vesiculation moxibustion at the point group of Fengmen (BL12), Feishu (BL13), and Gaohuang (BL43) can markedly improve the symptoms and signs of allergic rhinitis due to deficient cold of lung qi;raw and stir-baked Bai Jie Zi (Semen Brassicae) can work equally in vesiculation paste for allergic rhinitis.

Objective To determine the clinical significance of measuring the levels of 25-(OH) vitamin D3 [(25-(OH) D3)],immune globulins and serum alkaline phosphatase(AKP) in children with recurrent community-acquired pneumonia(CAP).Methods Serum samples were collected in children with recurrent CAP (recur-rent CAP group,n =38),first CAP (first CAP group,n =123),and age matched normal children (heath control group,n =39).The 25-(OH) D3 level,IgG,IgM,IgA and AKP levels were measured.Results The serum 25-(OH)D3 concentration of the recurrent CAP group was (47.87 ± 2.28)nmol/L,that of the first CAP group was (84.43 ± 4.12) nmol/L,and that of the heath control group was (91.2 ± 7.85) nmol/L,the differences among the three groups were statistically significant (t =3.716,8.881,all P ＜0.05).The differences of the serum IgA concen tration among the three groups had statistically significant differences (t =4.596,5.319,9.230,all P ＜ 0.05).But the serum IgG concentration among the three groups had no statistically significant differences(t =1.115,1.887,1.090,all P ＞ 0.05).The serum IgM concentration among the three groups had no statistically significant differences (t =0.804,0.942,0.918,all P ＞ 0.05).The serum AKP concentration among the three groups had no statistically signifi cant differences(t =0.277,0.661,0.866,all P ＞ 0.05).The serum 25-(OH) D3 levels in 161 cases of CAP patients were not correlated to any of the levels of IgM,IgG,IgA,or AKP.Conclusion The levels of 25-(OH) D3 and IgA are significantly lower in children with recurrent CAP,indicating that vitamin D deficiency may play a role in the pathogenesis of recurrent CAP.Prophylactic use of vitamin D supplementation may improve the immune function and reduce the development of recurrent CAP in children.