Background Recombinant hirudin variant Ⅲ(rHV3) can effectively prevent galactose-induced human lens epithelial cells LECs injury,but little is known about the molecular mechanism of its action.Objective The present study was to investigate the effects of rHV3 on the expression of apoptosis-related genes in damaged LECs induced by galactose.Methods The rHV3 was extracted by our research group,and the biological activity of rHV3 was identified by titration of thrombase according to Markwardt's method.Human LECs (SRA01/04) were cultured using 125×10-3 mol/L D-galactose+10% FBS+D/F12 medium to establish the damaged human LECs model.rHV3 was added into the medium of the damaged human LECs model.Human LECs were cultured in D/F12 medium containing 10% FBS as normal control.The expression of apoptosis-related genes,such as aldose reductase (AR),bax,bcl2 and p53,in LECs at the mRNA level was detected using RT-PCR.The abundance ratio of target genes was presented with the absorbance (A) of gene mRNA/GAPDH mRNA.Results Compared to the normal control group,the A values of AR mRNA/GAPDH mRNA,bax mRNA/GAPDH mRNA and p53 mRNA/GAPDH mRNA were significantly elevated in model group (t=3.90E-06,t=8.44E-04,t=5.15E-08,P＜0.01).However,in the rHV3-treated group,the A values of AR mRNA/GAPDH mRNA,bax mRNA/GAPDH mRNA and p53 mRNA/GAPDH mRNA were lower than those of model group (t=5.90E-06,t=1.51E-04,t=3.42E-06,P＜0.01).The bcl2 mRNA/GAPDH mRNA was markedly downregulated in the model group when compared with the normal control group (t=1.86E-05,P＜0.01);while after rHV3 addition,bcl2 mRNA/GAPDH mRNA increased in comparison with the model group (t=8.56E-05,P＜0.01).Conclusion 125×10-3mol/L D-galactose induces the damage and apoptosis of human LECs.rHV3 likely plays a protective function on D-galactose-induced damage of human LECs by inhibiting the polyol pathway and mitochondria-mediated pathway.

Objective To study the relationship between serum tumor marker level and the apoptosis regulation gene of tumor tissue in the patients with primary hepatocarcinoma .Methods 40 cases of primary hepatocarcinoma and 40 healthy people were in‐cluded into the observation group and control group .Then the levels of tumor marker GP73 ,TK1 ,DKK1 in serum and the expres‐sion of apoptosis regulation gene in tumor tissue were detected in the two groups .Results The serum GP73 ,TK1 and DKK1 levels of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .The apoptosis inhibiting gene Plk1 ,Livin and Xiap levels in the hepatocellular carcinoma tissue were higher than those in the adjacent normal tissues ,while the pro‐apoptotic gene M TS1 ,Caspase‐3 and Caspase‐8 levels were lower than those in the adjacent normal tissues ,the difference had statistical significance (P< 0 .05) ;serum GP73 ,TK1 and DKK1 levels were positively correlated with Plk1 ,Livin and Xiap levels and negatively correlated with M TS1 ,Caspase‐3 and Caspase‐8 levels .Conclusion The levels of se‐rum GP73 ,TK1 and DKK1 in the patients with primary hepatocarcinoma are abnormally increased ,moreover which are closely cor‐related with the apoptosis regulating gene expression and the ideal indexes to evaluate the disease condition of primary hepatocarci ‐noma .

The fermentation conditions which affect C-15? hydroxylation o f 18-methyl-estr- 4-ene-3,17-dione were investigated. As the key step in the Hydroxylation, the dissolution of substrate was focused on. Tween80, MeOH, DMSO,?-CD and 2-HP?CD were studied to improve the dissolvability of 18-met hyl-estr-4-ene-3,17-dione.The other factors such as pH, substrate concent ration and aeration strategies which affected conversion rate were also resea rched. As a result, the conversion rate can be up to 60% in shake flask and ach i(eve 50% in fermentor,which would overcome the disadvantage of 15?-hydroxyl -18-methyl-estr-4-ene-3,17-dione chemosynthesis and provide a good techn ics to industry.

Objective To investigate the effect of oral exercise method combined with shaker exercise on dysphagia in patients with cerebral hemorrhage.Methods 112 patients with dysphagia caused by cerebral hemor-rhage were randomly divided into control group (28 cases,conventional treatment),oral exercise method group (28 cases,conventional treatment combined with oral exercise method),shaker exercise group (28 cases,conventional treatment combined with shaker exercise)and combination group (28 cases,conventional treatment combined with oral exercise method and shaker exercise).Four groups were assessed with video fluoroscopic swallowing study (VF-SS)before treatment and after treatment.Results (1)There were no differences on VFSS among four groups before treatment (P >0.05).After treatment,there were significant differences on VFSS among four groups(F =9.40,P <0.05).Combination group[(8.68 ±4.74)points]with the highest score,followed by shaker exercise group[(6.52 ± 3.12)points]and oral exercise method group[(6.43 ±2.84)points],control group[(3.96 ±2.02)points]with the lowest score.There were no differences on VFSS between before treatment and after treatment in control groups (F =0.945,P >0.05).In the remaining groups,the scores of VFSS after treatment were significant higher than that of before treatment (P <0.05).(2)The total effective rate in combination group was higher than that of the remaining groups(χ2 =37.76,P <0.01).Combination group (96.43%)combined with the highest total effective rate,followed by shaker exercise group (75.00%)and oral exercise method group (71.43%),control group (21.42%)combined with the lowest total effective rate.Conclusion The application of oral exercise method combined with shaker exercise on patients with dysphagia caused by cerebral hemorrhage could improve the swallowing function.

This present work is to study the chemical constituents of Swertia angustifolia. The whole plants of air-dried Swertia angustifolia was extracted with 90% EtOH. The water extract was suspended in H2O and extracted with petroleum ether, EtOAc and nBuOH, successively. The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography from the EtOAc fraction, and identified based on spectral analyses (MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR). Fourteen compounds were isolated and characterized as 1, 8-dihydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyxanthone (1), 1, 8-dihydroxy-3, 5, 7-trimethoxyxanthone (2), 7-hydroxy-3, 8-dimethoxyxanthone-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 8-0-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-6) -β-D-glucopyranosyl] -1, 7-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (4), (+) -syringaresinol (5), ferulic acid (6), trans-coniferyl aldehyde (7), sinapaldehyde (8), trans-coniferyl alcohol (9), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (10), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (11), isophthalic acid (12), 2-furoic acid (13), and 2-methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone(14). Compounds 2-14 were obtained from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Swertia ; chemistry

This study is to investigate the chemical constituents of Swertia kouitchensis. The whole plants of air-dried Swertia kouitchensis was extracted with 90% EtOH. The water extract was suspended in H2O and extracted with petroleum ether, EtOAc and n-BuOH, successively. The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography from the EtOAc fraction, and their structures were identified based on spectral analyses (MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR). Twenty-eight compounds were obtained, and characterized as erythrocentaurin (1), erythrocentaurin dimethylacetal (2), swertiamarin (3), vogeloside (4), 2'-O- actylswertiamarin (5), swertianoside D (6), gentiocrucines A-B (7-8), gentiocrucine (9), 1-hydroxy-3, 7, 8-trimethoxyxanthone (10), 1-hydroxy-3, 5, 6-trimethoxyxanthone (11), 3-epitaraxerol (12), erythrodiol 3-O-palmitate (13), (+) -syringaresinol (14), caffeic acid (15), trans-coniferyl aldehyde (16), trans-coniferyl alcohol (17), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (18), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (19), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic aldehyde (20), 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (21), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (22), 3-acetoxybenzoic acid (23), 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (24), 3-hydroxybenzoic alcohol (25), nicotinic acid (26), 2-furoic acid (27), and uracil (28). Compounds 1-4, 6-28 were obtained from S. kouitchensis for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Swertia ; chemistry

AIM: To investigate the role of Rho-kinase signal pathway in rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFBs) proliferation and collagen synthesis induced by angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ). METHODS: CFBs of neonatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were isolated with the method of trypsin digestion and differential anchoring velocity. The CFBs were stimulated with AngⅡto induce fibrosis. Proliferation of CFBs was observed by MTT coloricmetric assay. Synthesis of collagen was detected by the hydroxyproline. The expression of Rho-kinase mRNA was examined using RT-PCR analysis. The extent of phosphorylation of myosin-binding subunit (MBS-P) of myosin phosphatase was quantified by Western blotting analysis, which was used to evaluate the activity of Rho-kinase.RESULTS: (1) Stimulation of neonatal SD rat CFBs with AngⅡ (10-7 mol/L) significantly increased CFBs proliferation and collagen synthesis (P

Objective To investigate the expression of protease-activated receptors (PARs) in colon mucosal tissue of patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS). Methods Colon mucosa tissues were obtained from 28 D-IBS patients and 18 normal controls by colonoscopy.The expression of PARs was detected using Western blotting and real-time PCR. Data were analysed by SPSS 18. 0 softwave, and comparisons between groups were done using Mann-Whitney U test.Results There was no difference in expression of PAR1 between D-IBS patients and normal controls (P=0. 300). The expressions of PAR2 and PAR4 were higher in D-IBS patients than those in normal controls (0.99±0.67 vs 0.63±0.38, P=0.038 and 0.37±0. 14 vs 0.25±0. 11, P=0.013,respectively). The results of real-time PCR were in accordance with those of Western blotting.Conclusion The increased expressions of PAR2 and PAR4 in colon mucosa of D-IBS patients indicate that these two PAR receptors may be involved in the process of D-IBS.

Chemical constituents of Swertia patens. The whole plant of air-dried Swertia patens was extracted with 90% EtOH. The water extract was suspended in H₂O and extracted with petroleum ether, EtOAc and n-BuOH, successively. The compounds were isola- ted and purified by column chromatography from the EtOAc fraction, and identified based on spectral analyses (MS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C- NMR). Eighteen compounds were isolated and elucidated as 3, 4-dihydro-1H,6H,8H-naptho [1,2-c:4,5-c', d'dipyrano-1, 8-dione (1), angelone (2), gentiogenal (3), erythricin (4), erythrocentaurin (5), gentianine (6), swertiakoside B (7), swertiamarin (8), 2'-O-actylswertiamarin (9), amarogentin (10), 1, 3, 5-trihydroxyxanthone (11), 1, 3-dihydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone (12), 1-hydroxy- 2, 3, 5-trimethoxyxanthone (13), gentiocrucine (14), 3-hydroxyphenylketone (15), n-hexacosyl ester 4-hydroxy-trans-cinnamate (16), n-hexacosyl ester 4-hydroxy-cis-cinnamate (17), and cholest-4-en-3-one (18). Compounds 1-7, 9-18 were obtained from S. patens for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Swertia ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo observe the regulatory effect of transcutaneous electro-acupuncture (TCEA) for preventing intratracheal extubation stress response (IESR) in general anesthesia.

METHODSSixty patients with breast cancer scheduled to receive mastectomy were numbered according to their sequence of hospitalization, patients of odd number were assigned to the control group and those of even number to the treated group, 30 in each group. They were anesthetized by the same anesthesia approach, but TCEA was applied on patients in the treated group in the narcotic process by stimulating at Hegu (LI4) and Neiguan (PC6) of the diseased side for 20 min before induction; then on bilateral points of Hegu, Neiguan, Chize (LU5) and Lieque (LU7) all through the whole course of operation, but at time of 30 min before ending operation, stimulus at Chize and Lieque points stopped and turned to bilateral Shuitu (ST10) and Qishe (ST11) points. No management other than conventional anesthesia was applied on patients in the control group. Changes of blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), plasma catecholamine and cortisol as well as the respiratory tract response occurred after extubation were observed and compared.

RESULTSHR, MAP, plasma levels of catecholamine and cortisol increased after extubation in both groups (P < 0.05), but the changes were more obvious in the control group than in the treated group (P < 0.05). Besides, the adverse reaction of respiratory tract occurred in the treated group was milder (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSTCEA can alleviate the IESR to attenuate the adverse reaction of respiratory tract. It is definitely valuable in clinical practice.

Acupuncture Points ; Airway Extubation ; Anesthetics, General ; adverse effects ; Breast Neoplasms ; surgery ; Electroacupuncture ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Stress, Physiological ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation ; methods