ABSTRACT:Objective To observe the anesthetic effects of xylazine and dexmedetomidine in establishing the model of spinal cord injury in beagle dogs.Methods Thirty female beagle dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups with 1 0 in each:xylazine group (group S ), dexmedetomidine group (group D ), and xylazine +dexmedetomidine group (group S+D).Basal anesthesia with ketamine was performed in all the dogs.Then group S was intramuscularly injected with xylazine discontinuously, group D was intravenously injected with dexmedetomidine 2μg/(kg·h)continuously,but group S+D was injected with xylazine and dexmedetomidine in combination.The heart rate (HR),respiratory frequency (RR),Ramsay score and spasm index (SI)were observed at the time of skin incision (T1),after the beginning of the operation 30 min (T2),before the end of the operation 30 min (T3),and the end of the operation(T4);and the usage of anesthetics was recorded.Results Compared with that in groups S and D,the usage of xylazine and dexmedetomidine in group S+D was decreased by 1/2 and 1/4,respectively (P<0.01),but HR and RR did not change significantly;the sedative effect was superior to that in S.No obvious increase in muscular tensility in the foreleg was observed before operation.Conclusion Xylazine and dexmedetomidine used in combination to establish the model of spinal cord injury in beagle dogs have advantages of better sedative effect,less respiratory depression and lower dosage of anesthetic drugs.

0.05). But there have extremely significant between the normal and abnormal groups.(P0.05) , but the stunting group was extremely significant with the other three groups (P

Objective To introduce the strategy of perioperative blood glucose control and the early outcome in diabetic and non-diabetic patients undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods A total of 1019 CABG were performed and the patients were divided into diabetic and non-diabetic groups (n=211, 808, respectively). The demography was comparable between the two groups with the exception that the percentage of preoperative myocardial infarction was significantly higher in diabetic group than that in non-diabetic group. Off-pump and conventional CABG were routinely performed and the left internal mammary artery (IMA) and great saphenous vein (GSV) were used as conduit. Perioperative blood glucose was controlled according to the close supervision. The aim of preoperative 6mmol/L and postoperative 8mmol/L was achieved by means of oral medication or subcutaneous injection of insulin, which was complimented by continuous pump infusion of regular insulin to optimize the glucose level. Results 99.2% patients were discharged. The overall perioperative mortality was 0.8% and the percentage was 1.4% and 0.6% respectively in diabetic and non-diabetic group with significant difference(P0.05), respectively. Cerebral infarction occurred in 1.4% diabetic patients and in 0.5% non-diabetic patients(P

Objective To introduce the strategies of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery for elderly patients over 65 years old. Methods Three hundred and ninety four elderly patients were retrospectively studied, 92.4% of whom were complicated with other diseases. Off-pump CABG (OPCAB) was used in 248 cases (62.4%). For the remaining patients with severely compromised cardiac function or small target vessel with diffuse lesion, conventional CABG (CCABG) was selected. Left internal mammary artery (LIMA) was harvested with extrapleural harvesting technique and grafted to left anterior descending artery (LAD) in 96.2% of patients. Saphenous vein or radial artery was utilized for the other coronary arteries. Transit-time flowmeter (TTFM) was utilized to make sure that grafts were patent with satisfactory blood flow. Perioperative blood sugar level was controlled at 6-10mmol/L by insulin. Results Grafts of per patient were 3.14?0.55 for on-pump CABG and 2.40?0.81 for OPCAB. Three patients died resulting in a mortality of 0.76%. The incidence of complication was 2.28%. The rest recovered uneventfully. Intubation time of OPCAB was significantly shorter than that of CCABG. Patients were discharged within 11.84?4.95 days after operation. Conclusion Good short-term result, namely low incidence of mortality and complication, could be obtained in elderly patients over than 65 years old undertaking CABG.

Objective To study the effect of the Hushengujingfang (HSGJF), a traditional Chinese prescription, on the biological behaviour of rat mesangial cell (MC). Methods MC was cultured in vitro, and the serologic pharmacology method was employed. The cells were divided into serum groups of HSGJF, LPS group and control group. Added the different concentration actors to MC and cocultured then made into unicell suspension. After examining it by flow cytometry, the percentage of G 0 /G 1 period, S period, G 2 /M period in cell cycle and the inhibition percentage of S period and cell proliferation index were calculated. Result The actors of different concentration had different effects to the multiplication cycle of MC and delayed the entry of cell cycle at G 0 /G 1 period. HSGJF induced apoptosis of MC. Conclusion One of action mechanism of HSGJF treating mesangial proliferative nephritis and other renal glomerular diseases is to inhibit MC proliferation and promote apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of surgical treatment of myocardial bridge. Methods Fifteen patients with myocardial bridge had been treated in our hospital from January 1999 to October 2006. Thirteen patients who had typical angina had been treated regularly by medication, but their symptom remission was not satisfactory. One patient suffered from acute myocardial infarction, and another 1 patient complained of palpitation and syncope. All the patients were given surgical treatment. Surgical strategies included minimally invasive off-pump surgery in 9 patients (supraarterial myotomy in 3 patients, coronary artery bypass grafting in 2, and coronary artery bypass grafting with supraarterial myotomy in 4) and on-pump surgery in 6 patients (coronary artery bypass grafting with supraarterial myotomy in 5 patients and supraarterial myotomy in 1). Results All the operations were successfully completed. The operative duration of off-pump and on-pump surgery was 2.8?1.9 h and 3.5?1.7 h, respectively. The extracorporeal circulation time was 59?37 min. No surgery related death or complications occurred. At 3 months after operation, all the patients were free from symptoms, and electrocardiogram returned to normal in 11 patients. During a follow-up for 0.5~7 years (1.9?1.2 years), recurrent palpitation was seen in 1 patient and others reported no angina. Conclusions Surgical treatment of myocardial bridge has good immediate and long-term results.

Objective:To study the correlation of tumor-associated macrophages infiltration , MMP-2 expression and angiogenesis in colon carcinoma by testing the MMP-2 through immunological methods ,and counting of macrophages and distributing of vessels in colonic adenocarcinoma at different differential degrees .Methods: Analyze the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs),and count blood capillaries in 79 patients with colon carcinoma by immunohistochemical staining ,detect the expression of MMP-2 in macrophages by immunological methods .Analyze the relationship among numbers of macrophages and vessels , clinical pathology and expression of MMP-2.Results: Macrophages in colon carcinoma were labeled to brown yellow by murine monoclonal antibody to human.The number of macrophages was markedly higher than normal group (F=412.04,P<0.05); Variance of macrophages number had statistical significance in differentiatial degrees and Duck ′s staging of colon carcinoma ( t=10.80 and F=412.04,P<0.05);variance of microvessel density(MVD) had statistical significance in Duck′s staging of colon carcinoma(t=7.35, P<0.05 ) ,MVD in colon carcinoma patients with lymphatic metastasis was higher than patients without lymphatic metastasis ( t=6.77 , P<0.05).Expression of MMP-2 in colon carcinoma showed strong positive.Expression of MMP-2 in patients with lymphatic metastasis was higher than patients without lymphatic metastasis ( t=10.91 , P<0.05 ) . There was a positive relationship among MMP-2 expression,number of tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) and MVD(r=0.451,0.672,P<0.05,respectively).Conclusion:MMP-2 and TAMs correlated closely with the development of colon carcinoma .TAMs in colon carcinoma can promote the angiogenesis ,growth and metastasis of the tumor by up-regulating the expression of MMP-2.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of aminophylline for prevention of the negative chronotropic effect of remifentanil.Methods Forty patients undergoing general anesthesia,aged 20-55 yr,with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m2,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or 1Ⅱ,were randomly divided into control group (group C) and aminophylline group (group AP),with 20 patients in each group.At 30 min before induction of anesthesia,normal saline 20 ml was infused intravenously in group C,and aminophylline 3 mg/kg was infused intravenously in group AP.Midazolam 0.1 mg/kg was then injected intravenously.Remifentanil 2 μg/kg was injected intravenously after the patients fell asleep and then artificial ventilation was performed.Vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg,fentanyl 3 μg/kg,and etomidate 0.3 mg/kg were injected intravenously 7 min later.The patients were then endotracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated.HR and MAP were recorded before induction of anesthesia (T0),after falling asleep (T1),and at 0,1,3,5 and 7 min (T2-6) after the end of remifentanil injection.Low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) were recorded at T0,T1 and T2,and the ratio of LF/HF was calculated.Results Compared with the baseline value at T0,MAP and HR were significantly decreased at T2-6 in the two groups,and LF and HF were decreased at T1,and LF/HF ratio was increased at T1 in group AP.HR and LF/HF ratio were significantly higher,and LF and HF were lower at T1 in group AP than in group C.Conclusion The efficacy of aminophylline for prevention of the negative chronotropic effect of remifentanil on the hearts of patients is good.

Objective The aim of this study is to address learning curve and clinical outcomes of totally robotic atrial septal defect repair on the basis of a single - center experience.Methods 54 cases of atrial septal defect (ASD) were repaired using “da Vinic S surgical system on arrested ( group Ⅰ,54 cases) or beating heart ( group Ⅱ,40 cases) from January 2007 to December 2010.Learning curves were assessed by means of regression analysis with logarithmic curve fit.The effect of operative variables on clinical outcome was analyzed by linear by regression using the Spearman's rho coefficient.Results All cases were accomplished successfully without complications.No residual shunt was detected at intraoperative or postoperative echocardiography.Significant learning curves were noted for corss clamp time in group Ⅰ:y (min) =68.741 -8.283 (n) (x)( r2 =0.489 ; P ＜ 0.01 ) ; the operation time in group Ⅱ:y (min) =355.51 - 56.29 (n) (x) ( r2 =0.581 ; P ＜ 0.01 ).No correlation was detected between operation time,cardiopulmonary bypass time,or cross clamp time and intubation time,intensive care unit stay,or total length of stay.Conclusion The robotic atrial septal defect repair can be performed safely.The learning curves is steep and the longer cardiopulmonary bypass times,operation time or cross clamp time had no negative impact on intraoperative and postoperative outcome.

Objective To investigate the effects of ischemic pre- and postconditioning on cerebral glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) activity in a rat model of global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).Methods Forty male Wistar rats weighing 200-230 g were randomly allocated into 4 groups (n =10 each) : Ⅰ group sham operation (group S); Ⅱ group I/R; Ⅲ group ischemic preconditioning (group IPR) and Ⅳ group ischemic postconditioning (group IPO). The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10% chloral hydrate 0.4 ml/100 g. Global cerebral ischemia was induced by four-vessel-occlusion in group Ⅱ , Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Bilateral vertebral arteries were cauterized and bilateral carotid arteries were occluded for 10 min. In group IPR cerebral ischemia was preceded by 3 cycles of 10 s ischemia followed by 30 s reperfusion. The group IPO received 3 cycles of 30 s reperfusion followed by 10 s ischemia at the end of 10 min cerebral ischemia. The animals were killed 2 days later. The brains were immediately removed for determination of neuronal apoptosis in the cortex (by TUNEL), the infarct size (by TTC), p-GSK-3β activity (by spectrum assay) and the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 (by SP). Linear correlation of p-GSK-3β activity with the number of apoptotic neurons in the cortex and cerebral infarct size was analyzed. Results Cerebral I/R significantly increased the number of apoptotic neurons in the cortex and infarct size, decreased p-GSK-3β activity, down-regulated Bcl-2 expression and up-regulated Bax and Caspase-3 expression in group I/R as compared with group S. Ischemic pre- and postconditioning significantly attenuated these cerebral I/R-induced changes. The p-GSK-3β activity was negatively correlated with the number of apoptotic neurons in the cortex and cerebral infarct size. Conclusion Ischemic pre- and postconditioning reduces cerebral I/R injury through inhibiting the activity of GSK-3β.